An adult male receives all his water from a municipal supply that is contaminated with
0.003mg/Lof tetrachloroethylene (PCE). Assume he takes a 15-minute shower every day. The
PCE concentration in the air is in equilibrium with the PCE in the water and thus can be
determined by Henry’s law from the concentration in the water. PCE has a unitless Henry’s
constant KH=1.4, which means Cair=Caq/KH. The dermal permeability constant of PCE is
6.17×10-5 m/min. (10 pts)
a. Calculate his total annual (ED=AT=1 yr) LADD due to exposures of drinking the water and
showering (dermal absorption + inhalation) with the water.
b. Which of the three modes of exposure results in the highest delivered dose?
Solution
There are generally three routes of exposure: dermal, oral and inhalation, as clear from the
question. Intake from these routes of exposure differ based upon the chemical and physical
properties of the toxicant as well as the permeability of the surface at the site of absorbtion, here,
lung, skin and the GI tract.
LADD (Lifetime Average Daily Dose) is obtained by adding up the AADD(Average Adsorbed
Daily Dose) for all the years of a person\'s life, namely:
->infant (1yr),
->child (1-6yrs),
->child (7-12 yrs),
->adolescents (13-18yrs),
->adults (19-70yrs)
AADD is obtained by adding adsorbed dose (AD) through all the 3 ways.
AD=Exposure x Adsorption Factor
Exposure = Concentration x Intake x Duration x Frequency
Body Weight
_____________________________________________________________________________
____
Another way to calculate LADD is:
LADD = (C x IR x ED)/(BW x LT) ;
where;
C = concentration of chemical
IR = intake rate
ED = exposure duration
BW = body weight
LT = lifetime (also AT)
(a) Total Annual LADD due to drinking water + showering
(1) Drinking water
C = 0.003 mg/L
IR = 2 L daily; for 1 year = 2*365 = 730 L
ED = AT = 1 year = 365 days
LT = 70 years = 25,550 days
BW = 70 kg
i.e, LADD = (0.003 * 730 * 1) / (70 *365)
= 8.57 x 10-5 mg/kg.day
(2) Similarly, for dermal absorption
For dermal adsorption,
Dosage, D = (C x P x SA x ET x CF) / (BW); where
D = Dose ( mg/kg day)
C = conc. of contaminant (mg/L)
P=Permeability coefficient (cm/hr)
SA = exposed body surface area (cm2); here 19400 cm2 (Standard value)
ET = Exposure time (hrs/day); here 0.25 hours /day
CF = conversion factor = 1 L/1000 cm3
BW = body weight = 70 kg
thus, D= (0.003*(6.15*10-5*10-2/60)*19400*0.25))/(1000*70)
=2.13*10-12 mg/kg.day.
However for 1 year, D = 7.776 * 10-10 mg/kg.day
Thus, total LADD = 8.57*10-5 + 7.776 * 10-10 = 8.57 * 10-5 mg/kg.day
(b)
Usually, studies show that of all the modes of exposure, ingestion or drinking the water will
deliver the highest dose.
Here, dosage due to air inhalation will be 8.57 * 10-5 / 1.4
= 6.121 * 10-5 mg/kg.day (as Cair = Caq/1.4)
Thus, comparing all the values, drinking the water will cause more dosage..
For calculation of Oral risk of cancer, the following formulaRi.pdfanonaeon
For calculation of Oral risk of cancer, the following formula
Risk = C *IRi*EFi*EDi/ ( BWi*AT) * (SF*ADAFi)
Where,
Concentration of TCE in water (g/L) C = to be found out
Average intake of water ( lit/ day) IRi = 2 Lit/day (assume)
Body weight of avg American (kgs) BWi = 80 kgs ( assume)
Exposure frequency (days/year) EFi = 365 days/year (assume)
Exposure duration ( year ) EDi = 70 years ( assume)
Average days ( years) AT = 70 X 365 days
Oral Slope factor (mg/kg-day)^-1 SF = 0.0061kg/day/mg
Age Dependant Adjustment factor ADAF = 1 ( for age >= 16 years)
Risk is given as 1 in 1000,000.
Concentration of TCE = 6.55 mg /Lit
= 0.00655 g/ Lit.
(b) calculation of Velocity of TCE
Vc = Vw /Rf
Vc = Velocity of chemical
Vw = Pore water Velocity or Ground Water velocity
Rf = Retardation coefficient
= 1
Vc = 0.4/1
= 0.4 m/day.
( c ) calculation of time taken for TCE to reach well
Distance of Land fill from well = 5 miles
= 5 X 1609.34 m
= 8046.7 m
So time taken = Distance / velocity
T = 8046.7 / 0.4 days
= 20116.75 days
= 55.1 years
Solution
For calculation of Oral risk of cancer, the following formula
Risk = C *IRi*EFi*EDi/ ( BWi*AT) * (SF*ADAFi)
Where,
Concentration of TCE in water (g/L) C = to be found out
Average intake of water ( lit/ day) IRi = 2 Lit/day (assume)
Body weight of avg American (kgs) BWi = 80 kgs ( assume)
Exposure frequency (days/year) EFi = 365 days/year (assume)
Exposure duration ( year ) EDi = 70 years ( assume)
Average days ( years) AT = 70 X 365 days
Oral Slope factor (mg/kg-day)^-1 SF = 0.0061kg/day/mg
Age Dependant Adjustment factor ADAF = 1 ( for age >= 16 years)
Risk is given as 1 in 1000,000.
Concentration of TCE = 6.55 mg /Lit
= 0.00655 g/ Lit.
(b) calculation of Velocity of TCE
Vc = Vw /Rf
Vc = Velocity of chemical
Vw = Pore water Velocity or Ground Water velocity
Rf = Retardation coefficient
= 1
Vc = 0.4/1
= 0.4 m/day.
( c ) calculation of time taken for TCE to reach well
Distance of Land fill from well = 5 miles
= 5 X 1609.34 m
= 8046.7 m
So time taken = Distance / velocity
T = 8046.7 / 0.4 days
= 20116.75 days
= 55.1 years.
INTRODUCTION TO one of the BIOENGINEERING.pptAkhileshPatro6
Biochemical engineering: Upstream and Downstream
Bioseparations and bio-processes, Downstream processing. Characteristics of biological materials, pretreatment methods; separation of cell biomass, adsorption, filtration, centrifugation,affinity bases separation, polishing-crystallization, drying, case studies; Process integration. Bioprocess integration for efficient production and recovery, scale-up consideration, process monitoring and process economics
Biochemical engineering: Stoichiometry and energetics of microbial metabolism. Transport phenomena. Enzyme catalyzed reactions and processes. Bioreactor design and applications. Sterilization. Instrumentation and control
Environmental bioprocesses. Interaction of mixed microbial population, applications, biological wastewater treatment, anaerobic, digesters, bioremediation.
i prepared this for my presentation, i hope you guys like it. i am trying to find this topic in web,but its not there,so i decided to do in own.i am uploading this ppt for whom ,they don't know how to make a presentation in power-point .this ppt basically related to "self purification of river-streams" .how it get self purified.
Problem Statement: Determine the total net rate if waste heat emission in kj/sec to the environment; then compute the rate of coal input in kg/day; find the fly ash removal efficiency by the APC system; lastly determine the fly ash sent to the landfill from bottom ash and fly ash removed from the APC system, of a 600 MW coal-fired power plant that burns Illinois bituminous coal, an efficiency of 39% and an air permit limit of 7000 kg/day.
For calculation of Oral risk of cancer, the following formulaRi.pdfanonaeon
For calculation of Oral risk of cancer, the following formula
Risk = C *IRi*EFi*EDi/ ( BWi*AT) * (SF*ADAFi)
Where,
Concentration of TCE in water (g/L) C = to be found out
Average intake of water ( lit/ day) IRi = 2 Lit/day (assume)
Body weight of avg American (kgs) BWi = 80 kgs ( assume)
Exposure frequency (days/year) EFi = 365 days/year (assume)
Exposure duration ( year ) EDi = 70 years ( assume)
Average days ( years) AT = 70 X 365 days
Oral Slope factor (mg/kg-day)^-1 SF = 0.0061kg/day/mg
Age Dependant Adjustment factor ADAF = 1 ( for age >= 16 years)
Risk is given as 1 in 1000,000.
Concentration of TCE = 6.55 mg /Lit
= 0.00655 g/ Lit.
(b) calculation of Velocity of TCE
Vc = Vw /Rf
Vc = Velocity of chemical
Vw = Pore water Velocity or Ground Water velocity
Rf = Retardation coefficient
= 1
Vc = 0.4/1
= 0.4 m/day.
( c ) calculation of time taken for TCE to reach well
Distance of Land fill from well = 5 miles
= 5 X 1609.34 m
= 8046.7 m
So time taken = Distance / velocity
T = 8046.7 / 0.4 days
= 20116.75 days
= 55.1 years
Solution
For calculation of Oral risk of cancer, the following formula
Risk = C *IRi*EFi*EDi/ ( BWi*AT) * (SF*ADAFi)
Where,
Concentration of TCE in water (g/L) C = to be found out
Average intake of water ( lit/ day) IRi = 2 Lit/day (assume)
Body weight of avg American (kgs) BWi = 80 kgs ( assume)
Exposure frequency (days/year) EFi = 365 days/year (assume)
Exposure duration ( year ) EDi = 70 years ( assume)
Average days ( years) AT = 70 X 365 days
Oral Slope factor (mg/kg-day)^-1 SF = 0.0061kg/day/mg
Age Dependant Adjustment factor ADAF = 1 ( for age >= 16 years)
Risk is given as 1 in 1000,000.
Concentration of TCE = 6.55 mg /Lit
= 0.00655 g/ Lit.
(b) calculation of Velocity of TCE
Vc = Vw /Rf
Vc = Velocity of chemical
Vw = Pore water Velocity or Ground Water velocity
Rf = Retardation coefficient
= 1
Vc = 0.4/1
= 0.4 m/day.
( c ) calculation of time taken for TCE to reach well
Distance of Land fill from well = 5 miles
= 5 X 1609.34 m
= 8046.7 m
So time taken = Distance / velocity
T = 8046.7 / 0.4 days
= 20116.75 days
= 55.1 years.
INTRODUCTION TO one of the BIOENGINEERING.pptAkhileshPatro6
Biochemical engineering: Upstream and Downstream
Bioseparations and bio-processes, Downstream processing. Characteristics of biological materials, pretreatment methods; separation of cell biomass, adsorption, filtration, centrifugation,affinity bases separation, polishing-crystallization, drying, case studies; Process integration. Bioprocess integration for efficient production and recovery, scale-up consideration, process monitoring and process economics
Biochemical engineering: Stoichiometry and energetics of microbial metabolism. Transport phenomena. Enzyme catalyzed reactions and processes. Bioreactor design and applications. Sterilization. Instrumentation and control
Environmental bioprocesses. Interaction of mixed microbial population, applications, biological wastewater treatment, anaerobic, digesters, bioremediation.
i prepared this for my presentation, i hope you guys like it. i am trying to find this topic in web,but its not there,so i decided to do in own.i am uploading this ppt for whom ,they don't know how to make a presentation in power-point .this ppt basically related to "self purification of river-streams" .how it get self purified.
Problem Statement: Determine the total net rate if waste heat emission in kj/sec to the environment; then compute the rate of coal input in kg/day; find the fly ash removal efficiency by the APC system; lastly determine the fly ash sent to the landfill from bottom ash and fly ash removed from the APC system, of a 600 MW coal-fired power plant that burns Illinois bituminous coal, an efficiency of 39% and an air permit limit of 7000 kg/day.
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
International Journal of Mathematics and Statistics Invention (IJMSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJMSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Mathematics and Statistics, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Parameter Estimation of Pollutant Removal for Subsurface Horizontal Flow Cons...mkbsbs
Treatment efficiencies of a pilot scale constructed wetland treating greywater
from a staff canteen of the University of Moratuwa was studied to estimate the
temperature dependent reaction rate constants of specific pollutant removal
mechanisms.
Study of abiotic factors across the brahmaputra belt in relation to its suita...eSAT Journals
Abstract
A healthy ecosystem is a result of balanced interaction between biotic and abiotic factors. Water temperature, pH, DO, FCO2, TA, TH etc are the most important abiotic factors influencing the physico-chemical and biological events of water body (Rahman et al., 2008). All species have their own optimal range for these abiotic parameters. In relation to aquatic life, there maturation time is also dependent on these parameters. These factors have great influence on aquatic life (DuttaMunshi and DuttaMunshi, 1995). This paper deals with the observation of fluctuation of these abiotic factors across the Brahmaputra Belt and its relation with aquatic life, mostly fishes.
Keywords: Water temperature, pH, DO, FCO2, TA, TH etc…
“The sustainable development is a process of betterment of life, in all sectors of society i.e. social, economic, educational, health, national security, food and education”
The EF compares human demand on nature with nature’s regenerative capacity.
It is a measure of the demands and the consumption of natural resources by people.
The sizes of ecological footprint vary from country to country and from person to person.
In a certain Midwest city, a series of studies were conducted to mea.pdfcallawaycorb73779
In a certain Midwest city, a series of studies were conducted to measure both the supply and
demand for physician services at various price points. The table below represents the findings
across ten different employers who offer self-insured health benefits to their employees.
Observations were made across time at various price points and the data below was gathered. So,
for instance, at a price of $50 for an office visit, the employees of Employer 1 consumed 150
visits per week; and at a price of $60, they only consumed 140 visits, etc. At the same time and
in the same city, ten different primary care practices were observed and the data table below was
generated. In this case, at a price point of $50 per visit, PCP1 was willing to supply 70 visits per
week, but at $60, he would supply 80 visits, etc.
Question #2 – assuming that, in the short-run, the supply of physician services will remain as
expressed in Table 2 above, what will happen to the market clearing price and visit quantity?
Show graphically what just happened. Again, in plain English, what is happening here?
Table 2
Number of visits/ year
Price/visit
PCP 1
PCP 2
PCP 3
PCP 4
PCP 5
PCP 6
PCP 7
PCP 8
PCP 9
PCP 10
$ 50
70
40
57
45
50
47
91
110
40
50
$ 60
80
50
67
55
60
57
101
120
50
60
$ 70
90
60
77
65
70
67
111
130
60
70
$ 80
100
70
87
75
80
77
121
140
70
80
$ 90
110
80
97
85
90
87
131
150
80
90
$ 100
120
90
107
95
100
97
141
160
90
100
$ 110
130
100
117
105
110
107
151
170
100
110
$ 120
140
110
127
115
120
117
161
180
110
120
$ 130
150
120
137
125
130
127
171
190
120
130
$ 140
160
130
147
135
140
137
181
200
130
140
Table 2
Number of visits/ year
Price/visit
PCP 1
PCP 2
PCP 3
PCP 4
PCP 5
PCP 6
PCP 7
PCP 8
PCP 9
PCP 10
$ 50
70
40
57
45
50
47
91
110
40
50
$ 60
80
50
67
55
60
57
101
120
50
60
$ 70
90
60
77
65
70
67
111
130
60
70
$ 80
100
70
87
75
80
77
121
140
70
80
$ 90
110
80
97
85
90
87
131
150
80
90
$ 100
120
90
107
95
100
97
141
160
90
100
$ 110
130
100
117
105
110
107
151
170
100
110
$ 120
140
110
127
115
120
117
161
180
110
120
$ 130
150
120
137
125
130
127
171
190
120
130
$ 140
160
130
147
135
140
137
181
200
130
140
Solution
With increase in price, demand is decreasing and with increase in price supply is increasing.
hence price will be determined where quantity demanded equals quantity supplied..
How do conservatives explain economic downturnsSolutionAs the.pdfcallawaycorb73779
How do conservatives explain economic downturns?
Solution
As the financial crisis of 2008-09 draws to a close, narratives of the meltdown are flooding
bookstores, think tanks are cranking out white papers, and four different congressional
committees, along with the official Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission, are investigating what
went wrong. Well they might, as the most basic question about the meltdown remains unsettled:
The only near consensus is on the question of what triggered the not-quite-a-depression. In 2007,
the housing bubble burst, leading to a high rate of defaults on subprime mortgages. Exposure to
bad mortgages doomed Bear Stearns in March 2008, then led to a banking crisis that fall. A
global recession became inevitable once the government decided not to rescue Lehman Bros.
from default in September 2008. Lehman\'s was the biggest bankruptcy in history, and it led
promptly to a powerful economic contraction. Somewhere around here, agreement ends.
There are no strong candidates for what logicians call a sufficient condition—a single factor that
would have caused the crisis in the absence of any others. There are, however, a number of
plausible necessary conditions—factors without which the crisis would not have occurred. Most
analysts find former Fed Chairman Alan Greenspan at fault, though for a variety of reasons.
Conservative economists—ever worried about inflation—tend to fault Greenspan for keeping
interest rates too low between 2003 and 2005 as the real estate and credit bubbles inflated. This
is the view, for instance, of Stanford economist and former Reagan adviser John Taylor, who
argues that the Fed\'s easy money policies spurred a frenzy of irresponsible borrowing on the part
of banks and consumers alike.
Liberal analysts, by contrast, are more likely to focus on the way Greenspan\'s aversion to
regulation transformed pell-mell innovation in financial products and excessive bank leverage
into lethal phenomena. The pithiest explanation I\'ve seen comes fromNew York Times
columnist and Nobel Laureate Paul Krugman, who noted in one interview: \"Regulation didn\'t
keep up with the system.\" In this view, the emergence of an unsupervised market in more and
more exotic derivatives—credit-default swaps (CDSs), collateralized debt obligations (CDOs),
CDSs on CDOs (the esoteric instruments that wrecked AIG)—allowed heedless financial
institutions to put the whole financial system at risk. \"Financial innovation + inadequate
regulation = recipe for disaster is also the favored explanation of Greenspan\'s successor, Ben
Bernanke, who downplays low interest rates as a cause (perhaps because he supported them at
the time) and attributes the crisis to regulatory failure.
A bit farther down on the list are various contributing factors, which didn\'t fundamentally cause
the crisis but either enabled it or made it worse than it otherwise might have been. These include:
global savings imbalances, which put upward pressure on U.S. a.
More Related Content
Similar to An adult male receives all his water from a municipal supply that is.pdf
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
International Journal of Mathematics and Statistics Invention (IJMSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJMSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Mathematics and Statistics, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Parameter Estimation of Pollutant Removal for Subsurface Horizontal Flow Cons...mkbsbs
Treatment efficiencies of a pilot scale constructed wetland treating greywater
from a staff canteen of the University of Moratuwa was studied to estimate the
temperature dependent reaction rate constants of specific pollutant removal
mechanisms.
Study of abiotic factors across the brahmaputra belt in relation to its suita...eSAT Journals
Abstract
A healthy ecosystem is a result of balanced interaction between biotic and abiotic factors. Water temperature, pH, DO, FCO2, TA, TH etc are the most important abiotic factors influencing the physico-chemical and biological events of water body (Rahman et al., 2008). All species have their own optimal range for these abiotic parameters. In relation to aquatic life, there maturation time is also dependent on these parameters. These factors have great influence on aquatic life (DuttaMunshi and DuttaMunshi, 1995). This paper deals with the observation of fluctuation of these abiotic factors across the Brahmaputra Belt and its relation with aquatic life, mostly fishes.
Keywords: Water temperature, pH, DO, FCO2, TA, TH etc…
“The sustainable development is a process of betterment of life, in all sectors of society i.e. social, economic, educational, health, national security, food and education”
The EF compares human demand on nature with nature’s regenerative capacity.
It is a measure of the demands and the consumption of natural resources by people.
The sizes of ecological footprint vary from country to country and from person to person.
In a certain Midwest city, a series of studies were conducted to mea.pdfcallawaycorb73779
In a certain Midwest city, a series of studies were conducted to measure both the supply and
demand for physician services at various price points. The table below represents the findings
across ten different employers who offer self-insured health benefits to their employees.
Observations were made across time at various price points and the data below was gathered. So,
for instance, at a price of $50 for an office visit, the employees of Employer 1 consumed 150
visits per week; and at a price of $60, they only consumed 140 visits, etc. At the same time and
in the same city, ten different primary care practices were observed and the data table below was
generated. In this case, at a price point of $50 per visit, PCP1 was willing to supply 70 visits per
week, but at $60, he would supply 80 visits, etc.
Question #2 – assuming that, in the short-run, the supply of physician services will remain as
expressed in Table 2 above, what will happen to the market clearing price and visit quantity?
Show graphically what just happened. Again, in plain English, what is happening here?
Table 2
Number of visits/ year
Price/visit
PCP 1
PCP 2
PCP 3
PCP 4
PCP 5
PCP 6
PCP 7
PCP 8
PCP 9
PCP 10
$ 50
70
40
57
45
50
47
91
110
40
50
$ 60
80
50
67
55
60
57
101
120
50
60
$ 70
90
60
77
65
70
67
111
130
60
70
$ 80
100
70
87
75
80
77
121
140
70
80
$ 90
110
80
97
85
90
87
131
150
80
90
$ 100
120
90
107
95
100
97
141
160
90
100
$ 110
130
100
117
105
110
107
151
170
100
110
$ 120
140
110
127
115
120
117
161
180
110
120
$ 130
150
120
137
125
130
127
171
190
120
130
$ 140
160
130
147
135
140
137
181
200
130
140
Table 2
Number of visits/ year
Price/visit
PCP 1
PCP 2
PCP 3
PCP 4
PCP 5
PCP 6
PCP 7
PCP 8
PCP 9
PCP 10
$ 50
70
40
57
45
50
47
91
110
40
50
$ 60
80
50
67
55
60
57
101
120
50
60
$ 70
90
60
77
65
70
67
111
130
60
70
$ 80
100
70
87
75
80
77
121
140
70
80
$ 90
110
80
97
85
90
87
131
150
80
90
$ 100
120
90
107
95
100
97
141
160
90
100
$ 110
130
100
117
105
110
107
151
170
100
110
$ 120
140
110
127
115
120
117
161
180
110
120
$ 130
150
120
137
125
130
127
171
190
120
130
$ 140
160
130
147
135
140
137
181
200
130
140
Solution
With increase in price, demand is decreasing and with increase in price supply is increasing.
hence price will be determined where quantity demanded equals quantity supplied..
How do conservatives explain economic downturnsSolutionAs the.pdfcallawaycorb73779
How do conservatives explain economic downturns?
Solution
As the financial crisis of 2008-09 draws to a close, narratives of the meltdown are flooding
bookstores, think tanks are cranking out white papers, and four different congressional
committees, along with the official Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission, are investigating what
went wrong. Well they might, as the most basic question about the meltdown remains unsettled:
The only near consensus is on the question of what triggered the not-quite-a-depression. In 2007,
the housing bubble burst, leading to a high rate of defaults on subprime mortgages. Exposure to
bad mortgages doomed Bear Stearns in March 2008, then led to a banking crisis that fall. A
global recession became inevitable once the government decided not to rescue Lehman Bros.
from default in September 2008. Lehman\'s was the biggest bankruptcy in history, and it led
promptly to a powerful economic contraction. Somewhere around here, agreement ends.
There are no strong candidates for what logicians call a sufficient condition—a single factor that
would have caused the crisis in the absence of any others. There are, however, a number of
plausible necessary conditions—factors without which the crisis would not have occurred. Most
analysts find former Fed Chairman Alan Greenspan at fault, though for a variety of reasons.
Conservative economists—ever worried about inflation—tend to fault Greenspan for keeping
interest rates too low between 2003 and 2005 as the real estate and credit bubbles inflated. This
is the view, for instance, of Stanford economist and former Reagan adviser John Taylor, who
argues that the Fed\'s easy money policies spurred a frenzy of irresponsible borrowing on the part
of banks and consumers alike.
Liberal analysts, by contrast, are more likely to focus on the way Greenspan\'s aversion to
regulation transformed pell-mell innovation in financial products and excessive bank leverage
into lethal phenomena. The pithiest explanation I\'ve seen comes fromNew York Times
columnist and Nobel Laureate Paul Krugman, who noted in one interview: \"Regulation didn\'t
keep up with the system.\" In this view, the emergence of an unsupervised market in more and
more exotic derivatives—credit-default swaps (CDSs), collateralized debt obligations (CDOs),
CDSs on CDOs (the esoteric instruments that wrecked AIG)—allowed heedless financial
institutions to put the whole financial system at risk. \"Financial innovation + inadequate
regulation = recipe for disaster is also the favored explanation of Greenspan\'s successor, Ben
Bernanke, who downplays low interest rates as a cause (perhaps because he supported them at
the time) and attributes the crisis to regulatory failure.
A bit farther down on the list are various contributing factors, which didn\'t fundamentally cause
the crisis but either enabled it or made it worse than it otherwise might have been. These include:
global savings imbalances, which put upward pressure on U.S. a.
How would your patient management decisions be influenced by omittin.pdfcallawaycorb73779
How would your patient management decisions be influenced by omitting necessary elements of
a medical examination/evaluation?
Solution
Patient management is the procedure involved from intake to discharge . It include
communication , examination , evaluation , diagnosis and intervention. If equipment and
facilities for examination of pateint is lacking it will certainly affect patient managment care.
Without these things it is not possible that patient will get required treatment..
How is the position of the vascular tissue in roots different from t.pdfcallawaycorb73779
How is the position of the vascular tissue in roots different from the position of vascular tissue in
stems?
Solution
vascular plants contain two main type of conductive tissue xylem and pholem.
xylem for the conduction of water with dissolved mineral matters, and phloem for the conduction
of elaborated food matters in solution.
xylem and phloem function in the conduction of water, minerals, and nutrients throughout the
plant, it is not surprising that their form should be similar to pipes.
herbaceous stems, the vascular tissues are contained in bundles; these bundles sit relatively near
the surface of the stem. In roots, the vascular tissues form a central core—a location where
they\'re protected from the harsh activity of pushing through soil. (We are referring to young,
non-woody tissues.).
Give three examples of how the US finacial Crisis impacted HRM.S.pdfcallawaycorb73779
Give three examples of how the US finacial Crisis impacted HRM.
Solution
There is no doubt that the way in which entities operate and engage with each other, locally,
nationally and internationally, will be profoundly influenced by the factors that are rapidly
gaining attention: economic collapse of nation states; political collaboration on structural reform
to address climate change; the integration of social media into every aspect of our
communication; the development of fast moving communities of interest; and the changing role
of government in partnership with third parties to deliver services.
These are just some of the forces creating a new paradigm for HRM. The potential for major
transformation within organizations and the intersection with community, customer and supply
chain relationships offer a huge opportunity for HR to reinvent itself as a major source of
inspiration and innovation in leadership and management. Our paper describes steps that every
HR leader needs to take to adapt to the changing environments: redefine the boundaries of our
role; be the owners and drivers of the brand that reflects a commitment to service towards staff,
customers, suppliers and the community; be recognized professionally; take ownership of the
competencies required to work successfully at a strategic level; be the thought leaders on internal
and external factors impacting on how our organizations operate. We need to use our knowledge
and networking to highlight global trends and maintain a high level of vigilance on workforce
issues; build internal trust that allows us to challenge the role of the HR function has
dramatically changed in just a few short years..
Find the object focal point for a combination of two thin lenses who.pdfcallawaycorb73779
Find the object focal point for a combination of two thin lenses whose individual object focal
points coincide.
Solution
We have two lens kept togther such that the focal points of each of the lens coincide.
Now, for any far away object, the image formed by the first lens would be at its focal length.
That is for the first lens we can write:
1 / do + 1/di = 1/f1
Now, do = , so we get:
1 / di = 1/f1
now, the image distance in this case would be same as the focal length, however, it would also be
the the focal point for the second lens, we can write for the second lens:
1/do + 1/di = 1/f2
However, the do in this case would be negative as it would be virtual object, hence giving us:
1/ di = 1/f1 + 1/f2 [Since do in this case would be f1]
Now, we can say that for any far object, the image is formed at the distance given as: 1/ f1 + 1/f2
Therefore the combined focal length of the combination would be given as:
1/f = 1/ f1 + 1/f2.
Explain (in points) the roleimportance of the performance of Transp.pdfcallawaycorb73779
Explain (in points) the role/importance of the performance of Transportation Systems in the
global society (socially and economically).
Solution
Transportation system is playing a crucial role in the modern civilization. It mobilizes humans
from place to place to fullfil their necessities. It mobilizes goods from place to place which
require for our day today life. And economically it places a cruicial role. When goods are
transferred from one place to other, we transport the goods to places where there is a scarcity of
that particular good, we can develop economically. Human life is extended due to this
transportation because everything is in our hands now even it is originates in overseas..
Do students at various colleges differ in how sociable they are 25 .pdfcallawaycorb73779
Do students at various colleges differ in how sociable they are? 25 students were randomly
selected from of three colleges in a particular region and were asked to report on the ammount of
time they spent socializing each day with other students. The results are as follows:
College X: Mean: 5 hours, estimated pop variance of 2 hours
College Y: Mean: 4, S^2=1.5
College Z: Mean:6, S^2: 2.5
figure effect size and explain your answers to someone who is unfamiliar with analysis of
variance.
Solution.
describe these organelles and the organisms there found in1. cryst.pdfcallawaycorb73779
describe these organelles and the organisms there found in
1. crystalline rod
2. kinetoplast
3. apicocomplex
4. contractile vacuole
Solution
1. Crystalline rod:
Some protozoansort called euglenozoans contain spiral or crystalline rod inside their flagella.
Two examples of euglenozoans with these rods arekinetoplastidsandeuglenids. The flagella of
kinetoplastids and euglenids have paraxial rods running next to each other.
2.Kinetoplast:
A kinetoplast is a network of circular DNA (called kDNA) inside a large mitochondrion that
contains many copies of the mitochondrial genome.A kinetoplast is usually adjacent to the
organism\'s flagellar basal body, suggesting that it is tightly bound to the cytoskeleton.
Kinetoplasts are only found in protozoa of the class Kinetoplastida.
3.Apicocomplex:
It is an organ complex of the Apicomplexa that appears as a conical structures on the tapered end
(or the apical end) of the cell, and contains rhoptries, micronemes, polar rings, and conoid. The
organelle is an adaptation that the apicomplexan applies in penetration of a host cell.
The organelle is found in a large phylum of parasitic alveolates called Apicomplexa. The Apical
complex consists of a set of spirally arranged microtubules (the conoid), a secretory body (the
rhoptry) and one or more polar rings. Additional slender electron-dense secretory bodies
(micronemes) surrounded by one or two polar rings may also be present. This structure gives the
phylum its name.
4.contractile vacuole:
A contractile vacuole (CV) is a sub-cellular structure (organelle) involved in osmoregulation. It
is found predominantly in protists and in unicellular algae.
The contractile vacuole acts to regulate the quantity of water inside of a cell. In freshwater
environments, the concentration of solutes inside the cell is of a higher concentration than
outside the cell (i.e., the environment is hypotonic). Under these conditions, water flows from the
environment into the cell by osmosis. The contractile vacuole acts as part of a protective
mechanism that prevents the cell from absorbing too much water and possibly lysing (rupturing)
through excessive internal pressure..
Compare the small intestine to the large intestine in terms of histo.pdfcallawaycorb73779
Compare the small intestine to the large intestine in terms of histological (tissue) organization,
size, and unique anatomical features. How do the differences between the small and large
intestines give you a clue as to their different functions in the digestive system?
Solution
Small intestine: it is the largest part of the alimentary canal with narrow diameter and it\'s
anatomical features are it contains the three parts namely duodenum, jejunum and ileum.Jejunum
is the middle portion between the duodenum and ileum.Duodenum contains the pancreas and
small intestine receives the pancreatic juices and bile .It contains the peyers patch in small
intestine and haustoria are absent.Internal surfaces contains the circular folds or plicae circulates.
villa are present. Brunner\'s glands are present. size ranges from 4.5 to 7 m long and width of 3.5
to 4.5 width. Histological features are it contains four layers like serosa, muscularis,sub mucosa,
mucosa.Serosa is the outer most layer and it secrets serous fluid, muscularis is responsible for
gut movement that is peristalsis, sub mucosa joins to the mucosa and underlying smooth muscle.
The main function of small intestine is to absorb nutrients and minerals.
Large intestine: It is comparatively shorter than small intestine .It\'s size ranges from 1.5 meters
long and 4 to 5 cm in diameter. It\'s anatomical features are it has ascending colon consists of
caecum and appendix, transverse colon consists of colic flexures and transverse mesocolon,
descending colon and sigmoid s shaped colon. It\'s histological features are thick mucosa with
deep crypts but it does not contain villi and the epithelium consists of columnar absorptive cells,
endocrine cells basal stem cells and many goblet cells. The main function of large intestine is to
absorb water from remaining indigestible food and transmit the useless waste materials from the
body.
As they have different anatomical , histological and structural features so we can say that the
small intestine and large intestine are different in their respective functional features..
Chemical composition of rain water.SolutionRainwater gets its .pdfcallawaycorb73779
Chemical composition of rain water.
Solution
Rainwater gets its compositions largely by dissolving particulate materials in the atmosphere
(upper troposhere) when droplets of water nucleate on atmospheric particulates, and secondarily
by dissolving gasses from the atmosphere. Rainwater compositions vary geographically. In open
ocean and coastal areas they have a salt content essentially like that of sea water (same ionic
proportions but much more dilute) plus CO2 as bicarbonate anion (acidic pH). Terrestrial rain
compositions vary siginificantly from place to place because the regional geology can greatly
affect the types of particulates that get added to the atmosphere. Likewise, sources of gaesous
acids (SO3, NO2) and bases (NH3) vary as a function of biome factors and anthopogenic land
use practices. Each of these gasses can be added in varying proportions from natural and non
natural input sources (non-natural sources of SO3 and NO2 far outweigh natural ones).
C++ problemPart 1 Recursive Print (40 pts)Please write the recu.pdfcallawaycorb73779
C++ problem
Part 1: Recursive Print (40 pts)
Please write the recursive List reverse print function, whose iterative version we wrote in class.
Below are the function signatures for the functions you are going to need:
public:
/**Additional Operations*/
void print_reverse();
//Wrapper function that calls the reverse helper function to print a list in reverse
//prints nothing if the List is empty
private:
void reverse(Nodeptr node);
//Helper function for the public printReverse() function.
//Recursively prints the data in a List in reverse.
Why do we need the private helper function here?
Since we are going to be reversing our list node by node, in a recursive fashion, we want to pass
a one node at a time to our reverse function.
However, since our nodes are private, we cannot access them if we call the function inside of
main.
Add these function signatures to your List.h file along with your other function prototypes inside
the class definition.
Make sure that you place the reverse function inside the private portion of your List class
definition and the print_reverse function prototype to the public portion of your List class
definition.
Now, implement these two functions inside of List.h, under your section for additional
operations.
Important: Test each function carefully inside of your ListTest.cpp to make sure that it is
working properly.
Part 2: Adding an Index to Your List Nodes (20 pts)
Next, you will add the following functions to your List.h
/**Accessor Functions*/
int get_index();
//Indicates the index of the Node where the iterator is currently pointing
//Nodes are numbered from 1 to length of the list
//Pre: length != 0
//Pre: !off_end()
...
int List::get_index()
{
//Implement the function here
}
/**Manipulation Procedures*/
void scroll_to_index(int index);
//Moves the iterator to the node whose index is specified by the user
//Pre: length != 0
...
void scroll_to_index(int index)
{
//Implement function here
}
Part 3: Implementing Search as Part of Your List (40 pts)
Now, we are going to add two search functions to our List so that we can search for elements in
our List.
The first of these functions is going to be a simple linear search function.
You will need to add the following function prototype and function definition to your List.h:
/**Additional Operations*/
int linear_search(listitem item);
//Searchs the list, element by element, from the start of the List to the end of the List
//Returns the index of the element, if it is found in the List
//Returns -1 if the element is not in the List
//Pre: length != 0
...
int List::linear_search(listitem item)
{
//Implement the function here
}
You are also going to add a function to perform recursive binary search on your List.
You will need to add the following function prototype and function definition to your List.h:
int binary_search(int low, int high, listitem item);
//Recursively searchs the list by dividing the search space in half
//Returns the index of the element, if it is fo.
1.What does the emergence of autonomous vehicles mean to you What v.pdfcallawaycorb73779
1.What does the emergence of autonomous vehicles mean to you? What value about car travel
would you increase, decrease, eliminate?
2. Think of at least 3 Blue Ocean innovations that would be needed in order for autonomous
vehicles to be successful: these can be internal/organizational efficiency innovations or new
products/services.
3. Do you think the biggest barriers will be technical or social in nature?
4) each individual should create a list of at least 10 “factors of competition” that are relevant to
the personal transportation market.
5) Conduct “mini-interviews” with at least 5 people and get feedback about your identified
factors of competition – are some factors more important to people than others, are there factors
identified by your interviewees that you missed? Note: these are informal “mini-interviews”, and
each individual must conduct at least 5 interviews to provide market feedback on your factors of
competition. Record your notes from each mini-interview using the table structure below:
Interviewee
Name, Age, Location, Gender and About
Eliminate
Reduce
Raise
Create
Insights
Mary Jones: 48 from Birmingham, AL. Female. Busy working mom with 2 middle-school kids
1. External Appearance
2. Taxi services
3. New road construction
4. Road signs
5. Mom having to drive kids to soccer practice – YEAH!!
1. Complexity of the dashboard
2. Air pollution
3. Engine size and performance
4. Car salesmen and personal car ownership
1. Entertainment and internet access in car
2. Comfort through alternative seating styles (e.g. 4 people facing each other around a table)
3. Ease of maintenance and longevity of cars
1. Members-only service (e.g. I belong to the Volvo driving club, which has its own app and
fleet of cars)
2. Vehicle support services – cars need to come in to get gas and fixed by mechanics
Value proposition: Time (not having to drive kids everywhere)
Safety (people could drink and get home safely)
Fun (spend travel time playing with kids, watching movies etc.) individual’s interview summary
table, each individual’s original list of 10 competitive factors. These should all be aggregated
into one document and uploaded to our Canvas course site.
Interviewee
Name, Age, Location, Gender and About
Eliminate
Reduce
Raise
Create
Insights
Mary Jones: 48 from Birmingham, AL. Female. Busy working mom with 2 middle-school kids
1. External Appearance
2. Taxi services
3. New road construction
4. Road signs
5. Mom having to drive kids to soccer practice – YEAH!!
1. Complexity of the dashboard
2. Air pollution
3. Engine size and performance
4. Car salesmen and personal car ownership
1. Entertainment and internet access in car
2. Comfort through alternative seating styles (e.g. 4 people facing each other around a table)
3. Ease of maintenance and longevity of cars
1. Members-only service (e.g. I belong to the Volvo driving club, which has its own app and
fleet of cars)
2. Vehicle support services – cars need to come in to get gas and fixed by mechanic.
You have installed a PCIe wireless NIC in a computer desktop in a sm.pdfcallawaycorb73779
You have installed a PCIe wireless NIC in a computer desktop in a small office environment that
cannot be wired for an Ethernet network. Despite the fact that the nearest access point is well
within range, the computer still receives a poor Wi-Fi signal. What can you do to improve the
computer’s reception?
A. Turn up the sensitivity on the PCIe wireless NIC.
B. Install a PCIe wireless NIC with a stronger receiver.
C. Install an external USB wireless NIC that can have its antenna placed to get better reception.
D. Change the entire wireless network to use an 802.11 standard that has greater range.
Solution
C. Internal wireless NICs have the antenna directly connected to the NIC so that it sits at the
back of the computer. This might not be the ideal location to receive Wi-Fi signals, even if the
computer is within range otherwise. Using a USB wireless NIC with an external antenna that can
be moved for better reception is a more workable option..
You have identified a novel enzyme. Supercoiled DNA shows an upward m.pdfcallawaycorb73779
You have identified a novel enzyme. Supercoiled DNA shows an upward mobility shift
following a short incubation with the enzyme. Following a long incubation with the enzyme, the
supercoiled DNA seems to disappear or be converted in a large number of small fragments. What
kind of enzyme is our novel enzyme likely to be? Type I topoisomerase Type II topoisomerase
Restriction enzyme DNA nuclease A and B are both correct
Solution
.C. Restriction enzymes . are a class of enzymes that act upon the DNA molecule at specific site
and cleave DNA molecule into small fragments..
Which of the following wireless standards uses direct sequence sprea.pdfcallawaycorb73779
Which of the following wireless standards uses direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) by
default?
A. Bluetooth
B. 802.11a
C. 802.11b
D. 802.11ac
Solution
C. 802.11b uses direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) technology. DSSS is a transmission
method that transmits the data along with a chipping bit to increase the signal’s resistance to
interference. Answer A is incorrect because Bluetooth uses frequency-hopping spread spectrum.
Answer B is incorrect because 802.11a uses orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing. Answer
D is incorrect because 802.11ac uses MIMO-OFDM.
Which one of the following statements about lichens is false lichen.pdfcallawaycorb73779
Which one of the following statements about lichens is false? lichens are resistant to pollution.
Lichens can withstand severe drought. lichens are important pioneers on new land. Some
lichens are thousands of years old. Some lichens tolerate severe cold. Which of the following
bacterium type would die in the presence of oxygen(poisoning)? Obligate aerobes Obligate
anaerobes Facultative anaerobes All of the above Which of the following traits do archaeans
and bacteria share? composition of the cell wall. presence of plasma membrane lack of a
nuclear envelope identical rRNA sequences 1 only 3 only 1 and 3 2 and 3 2 and 4 What do
\"fimbriae\" of bacteria do? Catch food Absorbing liquid food Sticking to a substrate. Help in
sexual reproduction All of the above. Picking up naked exracellular DNA molecule is
accomplished during Transcription Conjugation Transformation Transduction Translation
Which of the following confers antibiotic resistance? Transduction Jumping genes Hfr R
plasmid F plasmids
Solution
Lichens are resistant to pollution Obligate anaerobes lack of nuclear envelope Sticking to the
substrate transformation R plasmid.
What is the capability to combine data from separate sources to gain.pdfcallawaycorb73779
What is the capability to combine data from separate sources to gain information?
A. Metadata
B. Inference
C. Aggregation
D. Deadlocking
Solution
C. Aggregation is the capability to combine data from separate sources to gain information.
Answer A is incorrect because metadata is data about data. Answer B is incorrect because
inference attacks occur when authorized users infer information by analyzing the data they have
access to. Answer D is incorrect because deadlocking is a database stalemate.
What are Factors that influence primary production in different zone.pdfcallawaycorb73779
What are Factors that influence primary production in different zones of oceans and lakes
Solution
Organisms that synthesise the organic elements of life from the inorganic molecules are known
as \"primary producers.\" Plants, certain bacteria and algae are autotrophs (they feed themselves
by photosynthesis). Photosynthesis is a process through which plants use sun energy for the
production of organic material. Plants utilise necessary amount of sunlight for photosynthesis.
The major factors affecting the primary production in different zones of oceans and lakes are,
1). Availability of Sun light
2). Mineral nutrients
In contrast, the terrestrial plants have the limitations of water supply and uniform temperature.
As the aquatic plants and organisms live in the water itself, they do not suffer from water
scarcity. Also, temperature is uniform due to the heat capacity of water..
Using NetBeansQ1. Write a program that uses a stack to convert a n.pdfcallawaycorb73779
Using NetBeans
Q1. Write a program that uses a stack to convert a number in base 10 to a number in base 2.
Solution
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Decimal2BinaryDemo {
public static void main(String args[]) {
Scanner in =new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println(\"Enter decimal number =\");
int num=in.nextInt();
Stack s4 = new Stack();
int n=num;
int i = 0;
while (n > 0) {
s4.push(n % 2);
n = n / 2;
i++;
}
//s4.print();
System.out.print(num+\" is convert to binary ->\");
while (i > 0) {
System.out.print(s4.pop()+\" \");
i--;
}
}
}.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp Network
An adult male receives all his water from a municipal supply that is.pdf
1. An adult male receives all his water from a municipal supply that is contaminated with
0.003mg/Lof tetrachloroethylene (PCE). Assume he takes a 15-minute shower every day. The
PCE concentration in the air is in equilibrium with the PCE in the water and thus can be
determined by Henry’s law from the concentration in the water. PCE has a unitless Henry’s
constant KH=1.4, which means Cair=Caq/KH. The dermal permeability constant of PCE is
6.17×10-5 m/min. (10 pts)
a. Calculate his total annual (ED=AT=1 yr) LADD due to exposures of drinking the water and
showering (dermal absorption + inhalation) with the water.
b. Which of the three modes of exposure results in the highest delivered dose?
Solution
There are generally three routes of exposure: dermal, oral and inhalation, as clear from the
question. Intake from these routes of exposure differ based upon the chemical and physical
properties of the toxicant as well as the permeability of the surface at the site of absorbtion, here,
lung, skin and the GI tract.
LADD (Lifetime Average Daily Dose) is obtained by adding up the AADD(Average Adsorbed
Daily Dose) for all the years of a person's life, namely:
->infant (1yr),
->child (1-6yrs),
->child (7-12 yrs),
->adolescents (13-18yrs),
->adults (19-70yrs)
AADD is obtained by adding adsorbed dose (AD) through all the 3 ways.
AD=Exposure x Adsorption Factor
Exposure = Concentration x Intake x Duration x Frequency
Body Weight
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Another way to calculate LADD is:
LADD = (C x IR x ED)/(BW x LT) ;
where;
C = concentration of chemical
IR = intake rate
ED = exposure duration
2. BW = body weight
LT = lifetime (also AT)
(a) Total Annual LADD due to drinking water + showering
(1) Drinking water
C = 0.003 mg/L
IR = 2 L daily; for 1 year = 2*365 = 730 L
ED = AT = 1 year = 365 days
LT = 70 years = 25,550 days
BW = 70 kg
i.e, LADD = (0.003 * 730 * 1) / (70 *365)
= 8.57 x 10-5 mg/kg.day
(2) Similarly, for dermal absorption
For dermal adsorption,
Dosage, D = (C x P x SA x ET x CF) / (BW); where
D = Dose ( mg/kg day)
C = conc. of contaminant (mg/L)
P=Permeability coefficient (cm/hr)
SA = exposed body surface area (cm2); here 19400 cm2 (Standard value)
ET = Exposure time (hrs/day); here 0.25 hours /day
CF = conversion factor = 1 L/1000 cm3
BW = body weight = 70 kg
thus, D= (0.003*(6.15*10-5*10-2/60)*19400*0.25))/(1000*70)
=2.13*10-12 mg/kg.day.
However for 1 year, D = 7.776 * 10-10 mg/kg.day
Thus, total LADD = 8.57*10-5 + 7.776 * 10-10 = 8.57 * 10-5 mg/kg.day
(b)
Usually, studies show that of all the modes of exposure, ingestion or drinking the water will
deliver the highest dose.
Here, dosage due to air inhalation will be 8.57 * 10-5 / 1.4
= 6.121 * 10-5 mg/kg.day (as Cair = Caq/1.4)
Thus, comparing all the values, drinking the water will cause more dosage.
