Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. They contain both acidic and basic groups allowing them to act as amphoteric substances and exist in a zwitterion form at physiological pH. Proteins assist in regulating intracellular pH and are made up of long chains of amino acids that fold into complex three-dimensional structures determined by their primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure.

1. Amino Acids and Proteins
Structures and Chemical Properties

2. AMINO ACIDS

3. Amino acids

4. Monosaccharides vs. Amino acids

9. Zwitterion form

10. Acids and Bases
•Arrhenius definition
–e.g. HCl and NaOH
•Bronsted Definition
–e.g. CH3COOH, NH3
–Amphoteric substances

11. Zwitterion form

12. Amino Acids and pH
• pH – a scale which indicates the
how much H+ (or H3O+) a solution
(solvent: water) has.
• The more H+ , the more acidic,
the lower the pH.

14. Blood pH should be between
7.35 and 7.45
• Less than 7.35 - acidosis
• Greater than 7.45 - alkalosis

15. Proteins assist with intracellular
pH regulation (Hopkins &
Sharma, 2019)
Physiology, acid base balance. Retrieved from
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507807/

21. Disulfide

22. Dipeptide

23. Polypeptide structure

26. PROTEINS

31. Structures of Proteins
1.Primary
2.Secondary
3.Tertiary
4.Quaternary

34. Primary Structure

37. Secondary Structure

38. Figure 20.13 - Stabilizing Influences
that Contribute to the Tertiary
Structure
38
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