- The document discusses the origins of American ghettos, which formed due to immigration, poverty, and lack of integration between ethnicities. This led to divides between black and white communities. - American ghettos are often defined as communities made up primarily of one homogeneous race or ethnicity, and are characterized by high levels of poverty. This poverty separates ghettos from other neighborhoods and makes it difficult for residents to migrate elsewhere. - Even after the civil rights movement, most of the US remains residentially segregated, with black and white Americans living in separate neighborhoods. The movement of jobs and middle-class residents to suburbs left many minority communities in inner cities economically devastated.

1. American Ghetto Research-
Target Audience
I chose to do this extra research because I wanted to understand the origin of the
American ghetto. Having this information has made me more aware of how
immigration and poverty through none integration of cultures has caused a divide in
ethnicities which results in these ghettos. I intend to use my research to create my
own specific target audience; my idea is to bring the contrasting ethnicities of black
and white Americans together through the mutual interests and feel good factor of
R&B music. This will also help to select the right person/ people to photograph for my
main image and help me to develop the name of my masthead.

2. African American ghettos
A commonly used definition of a ghetto is communities distinguished by a
homogeneous race or ethnicity; usually determined by census tracts. Additionally, a
key feature that developed throughout the post-industrial era and continues to
symbolize the demographics of American ghettos is the prevalence of poverty.
Poverty constitutes the separation of ghettos from other, suburbanized or private
neighbourhoods. The high percentage of poverty partly justifies the difficulty of out-
migration, which tends to reproduce constraining social opportunities and inequalities
in society.
Urban areas in the U.S. can often be classified as "black" or "white", with the
inhabitants primarily belonging to a homogenous racial grouping. Forty years after the
African-American civil rights era (1955–1968), most of the United States remains a
residentially segregated society in which blacks and whites inhabit different
neighbourhood ghettos.
Many of these neighbourhoods are located in Northern cities where African
Americans moved during The Great Migration (1914–1950) a period when over a
million African Americans moved out of the rural Southern United States to escape
the widespread racism of the South, to seek out employment opportunities in urban
environments, and to pursue what was widely perceived to be a better quality of life
in the North.
Two main factors ensured further separation between races and classes, and
ultimately the development of contemporary ghettos: the relocation of industrial
enterprises and the movement of middle to upper class residents into suburban
neighbourhoods. Between 1967 and 1987, economic restructuring resulted in a
dramatic decline of manufacturing jobs. The once thriving northern industrial cities
directed a shift to service occupations and in combination with the movement of
middle-class families and other businesses to the suburbs, left much economic
devastation in the inner cities. Consequently, African Americans were
disproportionately affected and became either unemployed or underemployed with
little wage and reduced benefits. Accordingly, a concentration of African Americans
was established in the inner city neighbourhoods of places such as New York, Chicago
and Detroit.
-Wikipedia
This information on segregation has given me the
idea of using two models for the main image on
the front cover; one black male and another
white male. They could be shown as respecting
each other with a fist pump, which would
contrast this current history in America and keep
the theme of uniting ethnicities through R&B.
Also this generates ideas for my masthead.

3. American/ general slang to potentially use for the masthead and/ or coverlines
• FRESH- To be great, or brand new. To dance or rhyme, or do a great wild style graffiti piece. To dress nice
and look good
• ACE- Best friend, main man, a person who has someone's back, or protection or who will go down for
there friend or crew
• FLY- Cool
• GULLY- Ghetto tuff, gutter, raw, gangsta ‘keep it gully’
• HELLA- A lot, very; wow. Before ‘ginormous’ became a thing ‘yo this apartment is hella tight’
• KICKIN IT- To relax, usually with ones friends
• JUICED- To be very excited or eager to do something
• FOR REAL- Speaking honestly and truthfully
• CHILLIN- spending time with your friends
• GONNA- Short for ‘going to’ ‘I'm gonna call you tomorrow’
• GOTTA- Short for ‘have got to’ or ‘have to’ ‘I gotta go’
• HOMIE- An acquaintance from one's town or neighbourhood, or a member of one's peer group or gang

4. City State
Jacksonville Florida
Memphis Tennessee
Miami Florida
New
Orleans
Louisiana
Orlando Florida
Southern American Cities Northern American Cities
City State
New York City New York
Los Angeles California
Chicago Illinois
Houston Texas
Philadelphia Pennsylvania
The piece of information about segregation between blacks and whites in the North, which
made them move to the south made me think that the masthead could include one city from
the north and south of America with a word at the end associated with togetherness or unity.
This would represent the ghetto theme within the masthead.