The document summarizes Alzheimer's disease. It discusses how AD involves shrinkage of brain tissue and deposits of tau proteins. Symptoms include changes in behavior and problems with memory. While aging is a risk factor, other factors may also play a role. Family caregivers take on a significant responsibility as the disease progresses. Managing AD care is challenging and often requires caregivers to sacrifice their jobs and free time.
Dementia is a broad term which describes symptoms affecting memory, thinking ability that creates hindrance in performing daily activities. Two important brain functions are badly hit namely- memory and judgement.
Alzheimer's disease is a progressive, degenerative disorder that attacks the brain's nerve cells, resulting in loss of memory, imagination and speaking skills, and behavioural changes. Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia, or loss of intellectual function, among people aged 65 and older.
Dementia is a broad term which describes symptoms affecting memory, thinking ability that creates hindrance in performing daily activities. Two important brain functions are badly hit namely- memory and judgement.
Alzheimer's disease is a progressive, degenerative disorder that attacks the brain's nerve cells, resulting in loss of memory, imagination and speaking skills, and behavioural changes. Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia, or loss of intellectual function, among people aged 65 and older.
Alzheimer's disease is a neurological disorder that destroys memory "dementia" and other important mental functions. Learn the Causes, Symptoms & Treatment for Alzheimer’s Disease here.
Pharmacotherapy of Alzheimer's disease
Introduction
History
Risk factors
Pathophysiology
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Non pharmacological treatment
Drugs used in treatment of Alzheimer`s
Recent advances
Screening methods
Summary
References
Short presentation about dementia, its types, etiologies, pathophysiologies, treatment, and management. It includes information about vascular dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies, frontotemporal dementia, and Alzheimer's Disease.
Definition
Statistics of AD
A brief introduction
Signs and symptoms of AD
NMDA receptors
Classification
Causes
Risk Factors
Pathophysiology
AD… The great unknown
Treatment Options
Future Trends
Schizophrenia is a metal disorder characterized by disruptions in thought processes, perceptions, emotional responsiveness and social interaction. Here the etiology, epidemiology, types, signs and symptoms, pathophysiology, complications, diagnosis as well as management of schizophrenia is explained.
This presentation was delivered to students at UC San Diego on May 2, 2012 by Dawn DeStefani, BSW, who is the director of programs and services for The Glenner Memory Care Centers in San Diego. Learn more at www.glenner.org.
Alzheimer's disease is a neurological disorder that destroys memory "dementia" and other important mental functions. Learn the Causes, Symptoms & Treatment for Alzheimer’s Disease here.
Pharmacotherapy of Alzheimer's disease
Introduction
History
Risk factors
Pathophysiology
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Non pharmacological treatment
Drugs used in treatment of Alzheimer`s
Recent advances
Screening methods
Summary
References
Short presentation about dementia, its types, etiologies, pathophysiologies, treatment, and management. It includes information about vascular dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies, frontotemporal dementia, and Alzheimer's Disease.
Definition
Statistics of AD
A brief introduction
Signs and symptoms of AD
NMDA receptors
Classification
Causes
Risk Factors
Pathophysiology
AD… The great unknown
Treatment Options
Future Trends
Schizophrenia is a metal disorder characterized by disruptions in thought processes, perceptions, emotional responsiveness and social interaction. Here the etiology, epidemiology, types, signs and symptoms, pathophysiology, complications, diagnosis as well as management of schizophrenia is explained.
This presentation was delivered to students at UC San Diego on May 2, 2012 by Dawn DeStefani, BSW, who is the director of programs and services for The Glenner Memory Care Centers in San Diego. Learn more at www.glenner.org.
Decreases Expression of PGC-1α in the Alzheimer Disease Brain Impaire Mitocho...rana alhakimi
Alzheimer is the most neurodegenerative disorder in the aged people. It is characterized by senile, accumulation of amyloid plaque, neurofibrillary tangle and progressive decline in brain memory cells.
Alzheimer disease is associated with inflammatory response, synaptic damage and mitochondrial dysfunctions which are a prominent and early feature of Alzheimer disease.
Startups and other digital innovators in the fight against Alzheimer's Disease, dementia and related disorders. Including a review of relevant scientific research to disinguish real opportunity from quackery.
A critical discussion of the focus on the biomedical perspective in the preve...GERATEC
The biomedical focus on dementia brought the phenomena of what was considered a normal part of ageing into the medical and scientific field of interest (Bartlett, R and O’Connor, D. 2010). This perspective comes with a strong focus on neurodegenerative decline and deficits. Even though Alzheimer’s disease was around for more than 70 years since noted by Alois Alzheimer, it was only in the 1980’s that the “disease emerged as an illness category and policy issue” (Lyman, A. 1989). The Nun Study of David A. Snowdon, PhD, which started in 1991, brought a new perspective to the research into dementia. It was discovered during autopsies that people who have lived their lives without any signs of dementia, actually had amyloid plaques and tangles in their brains congruent to people living with dementia (Snowdon, D.A. 2003). Biomedical research is at this stage the primary focus of research into dementia, receiving most of the funding budget. According to an article in Therapy Today (July 2012) in the UK alone, £66 million will be allocated to dementia research by 2015, of which only £13 million is earmarked for social science research. In the WHO report on Dementia, Daviglus M.L. et al of the US National Institutes of Health state that “firm conclusions cannot be drawn about the association of any modifiable risk factor with cognitive decline of Alzheimer disease”.
The importance of the research findings of the biomedical model cannot be underestimated. However, considering the facts that t this point there seems to be nothing that can prevent nor cure Dementia, I am of the opinion that more research and funding should focused on creating a life worth living for people who live with dementia.
Global Medical Cures™ | Primer on ALZHEIMERS DISEASE
DISCLAIMER-
Global Medical Cures™ does not offer any medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or recommendations. Only your healthcare provider/physician can offer you information and recommendations for you to decide about your healthcare choices.
Best neurosurgeons in bannerghatta road bangalore | Know more about Dementiaanishmehta03
Abnormal brain changes cause Dementia.
This change leads to a decline in thinking skills, also called cognitive abilities.
This disease hampers daily life and independent function.
They can also affect feelings, behavior and relationships.
With advancing medical science, doctors are treating the disease.
Running head AUTISM 1AUTISM 3Autism.docxjoellemurphey
Running head: AUTISM 1
AUTISM 3
Autism
Author Note
Autism
Introduction
Etiology involves the study of the causes of diseases, the cause or origin of a disease. Also involves the study of causation and any causes, caution, or causality. The etiologic classification of a disease based on the cause, when known. This classification is important and useful in the consideration of biotic disease. The disease is classified as staphylococcal, rickettsial, or fungal. This condition affects specific cells in the body because they aim at a single point. Pathogenesis is the mechanism through which the cause operates to produce the pathological and clinical manifestations. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) refers to a group of complex neurodevelopment disorders characterized by repetitive and characteristic patterns of behavior and difficulties with social communication and interaction. The symptoms are present from early childhood and affect daily functioning. Autism is a lifelong development disability that affects how a person communicates with, and relates to, other people. Also affects how they make sense of the world around them. The term “spectrum” refers to the wide range of symptoms, skills, and levels of disability in functioning that can occur in people with ASD. Some children and adults with ASD are fully able to perform all activities of daily living while others require substantial support to perform basic activities. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5, published in 2013) includes Asperger syndrome, childhood disintegrative disorder, and pervasive developmental disorders not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS) as part of ASD rather than as separate disorders. A diagnosis of ASD includes an assessment of intellectual disability and language impairment. It is a spectrum condition; all people with autism share certain difficulties that affect them in different ways. Some people with autism lead an independent life and many have accompanying difficulties. (http://www.ninds.nih.gov)
Specific cells, tissues and organs affected by Autism
The Lymphoblastic cell lines are continuously diving cells from the blood lymphocytes. These cell lines have been accepted to be the tool of examining the consequences of the genetic mutations. The cells are affected hence the blood circulation in the brain is widely hindered. This process leads to the development of disorders hence affecting the flow of blood in the body efficiently. This largely affects the brain since the cells are available in the brain. The pathologic condition hence creates the disorder in the brain hampering its function and proper operation of the brain. It therefore adversely affects the brain and the overall flow of blood. This leads to the development of deficiency in the brain because of lack of proper operation (Fiala et al., 2002).
Organ system function affected by Autism
Autism affects the social interaction and verbal communic ...
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
2. Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease has been researched for
years and still it has no cure. AD involves
shrinkage of the brain tissue, neurofibrillary nerve
tangles, and deposits of tau proteins in the brain.
Symptoms include change in behavior, impulsivity,
social adequate and family recognition.
Alzheimer’s disease is often related with aging,
but there are studies of other factors as well. It is
affected all over the world in all different cultures
and ethnicities. Family caretakers hold an extreme
responsibility with their loved ones. It is more than
a full time job. It is a change of lifestyle and often
giving up a lot of time and jobs.
3. Introduction
First case of Alzheimer’s disease was in 1906
Dr. Alois Alzheimer diagnosed his patient with
the disease.
Currently affects 5.1 million people in the world
(Alzheimer’s Association, 2007)
4. Biological Components
No set diagnosis and no set symptoms
Some cases are diagnosed very slowly
Often times, it is a prefrontal dominance
disease (Delacourte, 1999)
Symptoms include disorientation, dementia,
and differences in social behavior
5. Biological Components (cont…)
Many AB plaques were discovered (Drzezga, 2008)
Arguments about the relevance of Aging and
Alzheimer’s Disease
a. Alzheimer’s Disease forms alongside aging naturally
from a younger age and only affects the person when
they are older
b. Alzheimer’s is completely dependent on age, therefore
only starts developing when the person gets too old
c. Chemicals and Pathogens in the environment are a
main reason that Alzheimer’s Disease develops
6. Hereditary and Culture
Gräsbeck, Horstmann, Nilsson, Sjöbeck,
Sjöström, & Gustafson, L. (2005) studied
frontotemporal dementia and organic
dementia.
Limited research on other cultures and
ethnicities that have Alzheimer’s disease
African Americans may have a higher risk of
developing AD (Dilworth-Anderson & Gibson,
1999) while Native Americans may be in the
lowest category
7. Hereditary and Culture (cont…)
Head Traumas and other injury
Different environments can have different
outcomes of Alzheimer’s disease
Anderson and Gibson’s study in 1999,
Dilworth-
Japanese Americans in King Country, Washington
has a lower percentage of AD than Japanese
Americans living in Hawaii.
8. Family and Caretakers
Main caregivers are family
Responsibility increases over time
Often times, family members must sacrifice
their jobs and time to take care of their loved
one.
Counseling for those who are caretakers is
strongly recommended.
9. Conclusion
Alzheimer’s disease has proven to be a very
complicated and stressful disease. There is no cure
and it is often difficult to diagnose. AD is related to
aging, environmental and lifestyle issues. In some
cases, there are genetic risks and factors. Families
that have loved ones with AD need a lot of patience
and knowledge about the disease. Through support of
family members and friends and counseling, they can
provide the care and lifestyle that their loved one
needs. Alzheimer’s may be a very difficult disease to
be a part of, but it is not impossible. Millions of
families throughout the years, in every different
ethnicity and culture, have shown their persistence in
fighting this disease and keeping their family member
close.
10. References
Czekanski, K. E. (2007). The experience of transitioning to the
caregiving role for a family member with alzheimer's disease or a
related dementia. Duquesne University).ProQuest Dissertations and
Theses, Retrieved from
http://search.proquest.com/docview/304864566?accountid=34899
Delacourte, A. (1999). Biochemical and molecular characterization of
neurofibrillary degeneration in frontotemporal dementias.Dementia
and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, 10(14208008), 75-75-9.
Retrieved from
http://search.proquest.com/docview/232505183?accountid=34899
Dilworth-Anderson, P., & Gibson, B. E. (1999).Ethnic minority
perspectives on dementia, family caregiving, and
interventions.Generations, 23(3), 40-40-45. Retrieved from
http://search.proquest.com/docview/212198565?accountid=34899
11. References (cont…)
Drzezga, A. (2008). Basic pathologies of neurodegenerative dementias
and their relevance for state-of-the-art molecular imaging
studies.European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular
Imaging, 35(16197070), 4-S4-11.doi:10.1007/s00259-007-0697-6
Gräsbeck, A., Horstmann, V., Nilsson, K., Sjöbeck, M., Sjöström, H., &
Gustafson, L. (2005).Dementia in first-degree relatives of patients
with frontotemporal dementia.Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive
Disorders, 19(2-3), 145-145-53. Retrieved from
http://search.proquest.com/docview/232495807?accountid=34899
Mitrani, V. B., Lewis, J. E., Feaster, D. J., &Czaja, S. J. (2006). The
role of family functioning in the stress process of dementia
caregivers: A structural family framework.The Gerontologist, 46(1),
97-97-105. Retrieved from
http://search.proquest.com/docview/211038581?accountid=34899
12. References (cont…)
Patterson, C., Feightner, John W,M.D., M.Sc, Garcia, A., Hsiung, G.
R., MacKnight, C., &Sadovnick, A. D. (2008). Diagnosis and
treatment of dementia: 1. risk assessment and primary prevention
of alzheimer disease.Canadian Medical Association.Journal, 178(5),
548-548-56. Retrieved from
http://search.proquest.com/docview/204889254?accountid=34899
Vernooij-Dassen, M., Joling, K., van Hout, H., &Mittelman, M. S.
(2010). The process of family-centered counseling for caregivers of
persons with dementia: Barriers, facilitators and
benefits.International Psychogeriatrics, 22(5), 769-769-
77.doi:10.1017/S1041610210000050
Whalley, L. J., Dick, F. D., & McNeill, G. (2006).A life-course approach
to the aetiology of late-onset dementias.The Lancet Neurology, 5(1),
87-87-96. Retrieved from
http://search.proquest.com/docview/201446532?accountid=34899
Editor's Notes
Dr. Alois Alzheimer was working with a female patient, 51 years of age, with Alzheimer’s disease. After she passed, an autopsy of her brain concluded that the cerebral cortex was much thinner than usual. There were also senile plaques and nerve tangling involved. The number of cases diagnosed is estimated to triple by the year 2050 (Czekanski, 2007).
Often times, Alzheimer’s is confused with elderly people aging naturally. It is common for elderly to lose a little memory and common day functionality. However, when the person’s whole demeanor and personality changes, then it is time to look a step deeper. Symptoms may vary from case to case, but general disorientation, dementia, differences in social behavior are most prevalent and obvious.
AB plaques may be the one thing that differs Alzheimer’s disease from other dementia. However, there are many different plaques found in the brain which makes it hard to distinguish. Some plaques found in elderly brains are healthy while others worsen the symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease. These arguments are made by many researchers (Whalley, Dick, & McNeill, 2006). I believe chemicals and pathogens can definitely induce the start of Alzheimer’s disease, if anything.
Organic Dementia showed that there are no significant relations from first degree relatives to another. The subjects were screened for any organic dementia, following the DSM criteria, and saw that there was not enough significance of a difference to indicate organic dementia in relative of FTD patients. It has to be taken into consideration that perhaps there has been more research done with African Americans regarding AD than with Native Americans.
Alzheimer’s disease is mainly related with aging, but it can also be triggered and developed from head traumas and other injury and also different diseases that have sustained the body from a young age. There can be two groups of people with the same ethnicity, but one group has a higher prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease than the other. The environmental influences will have to be observed in cases like this.
Most cultures rely on family caretaking if there is someone in the family that inherited dementia or AD. Whether it is African Americans, Hispanics, Asians, or Native Americans, each culture has their own definition of family and has their traditional way of running things. Some keep each other very close by and some take turns of being responsible for the care giving of a family member. The caretakers’ responsibility will only increase over time. In the beginning it may just be taking care of their finances, but at the end, it will be a full time night and day job. Therefore, they will have to quit their jobs and be a full time caregiver. Counseling will help caregivers with stress of their loved one, guilt for wanting to opt out of the situation, and give encouragement for their future.