2. Introduction
Demography
Definition of elderly
Old 65 yr
Factors
Declining death rate
Declining birth rate

3. Gender distribution and marital status
 Women live longer……..3.1…..85yr
 Loss of spouse……social role decrease
Living arrangements
 70% have surviving children
 Asian provide basic assistance
 Nursing home……old home
 Female more in old houses….75%
 Asian region ADL & IADL
Family roles & relationship
 Retired male have no responsibility
 Retired Female have still home issues
 Grandparent role
 Disabled male
 Disabled female
Economic status
 Pension
 Female have no such or less

4. Mortality
Definition
Life expectancy
Birth and time closer to death
1900…49 yr
1974…71 yr
1995…72…female 6 yr longer

5. Mortality is the condition of being mortal, or
susceptible to death; the opposite of immortality
Mortality rate is a measure of the number
of deaths (in general, or due to a specific cause) in
some population, scaled to the size of that
population, per unit time. Mortality rate is
typically expressed in units of deaths per 1000
individuals per year

6. Causes of death
Three most common causes
CHD………31%
Cancer ……20%
Stroke

7. Morbidity
Definition
Katz ……dressing ,eating ,transfer , bathing
Relationship between disease ,disability , death

8. Morbidity
 Morbidity (from Latin morbidus: sick, unhealthy) refers to a diseased state,
disability, or poor health due to any cause.
 Comorbidity is the simultaneous presence of two medical conditions, such as
a person with schizophrenia and substance abuse.
 Morbidity rate, which refers to the number of individuals in poor health
during a given time period (the prevalence rate) or the number who currently
have that disease (the incidence rate), scaled to the size of the population.

9. Functional limitations
 Decrease function with age
 No problem in walking . Upstairs 10 step lift weight.
Disease and disability
 Hip fracture ….25 % high mortality rate
Co-morbidity and function
Utilization of service
ADL

10. Communication , Values and
Quality of life

11. Communication
“The transmission of information or message between individuals”
Learned , culturally based skill
HOT…….communication is different for adult , children , women

12. EFFECTS OF PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES OF AGING ON
COMMUNICATION
 HEARING
 3rd
most common condition in elders after arthritis and hypertensive disease
 Hearing aids , note pad , pause after key words , gesture .
 SIGHT
 Sensory changes
 Colors blue & green
 SPEECH
 Decrease respiratory efficiency and laryngeal function with aging results in lower
pitched voice and shortened controlled expiration rate with speech production.

13. FACIAL EXPREESION
Anger , loss of fat in muscle of face
SLEEP PATTERNS
Changes in 4th
decade
Deep sleep lost in 6th
decade
Long time for sleep

14. Values
Definition
Property of objects, including physical objects as well
as abstract objects (e.g. actions), representing their
degree of importance.
Autonomy
Dignity , without bias
Freedom of living
Social and cultural beliefs

15. Issues affecting an elder ‘s quality of life
The role of family
 The normal changes with age
 Available community source
 Knowledge and skills
 Communication skills
Grief and loss
 Natural emotional response
 Loss of job , limb etc
Symptoms of grief
 Depression
 Sleeping problem
Phases of grief
 Mood variation
Fear of dying
 Isolation ,pain ,dependence

16. Communication with terminally ill
patient
Maintaining hope
Alleviating suffering
Saying Good Bye

17. A disease
 is an abnormal condition affecting the body of an organism. It is often
construed to be a medical condition associated with
specific symptoms and signs. It may be caused by external factors, such
as infectious disease, or it may be caused by internal dysfunctions, such
as autoimmune diseases.
Illness
 Illness and sickness are generally used as synonyms for disease. However, this term is
occasionally used to refer specifically to the patient's personal experience of his or her
disease.
Disorder
 In medicine, a disorder is a functional abnormality or disturbance.

18.  The crude death rate, the total number of deaths per year per 1000 people. As of July
2009 the crude death rate for the whole world is about 8.37 per 1000 per year according
to the current CIA World Fact book.
 The perinatal mortality rate, the sum of neonatal deaths and fetal deaths (stillbirths)
per 1000 births.
 The maternal mortality rate, the number of maternal deaths due to childbearing per
100,000 live births.
 The infant mortality rate, the number of deaths of children less than 1 year old per
1000 live births.
 The child mortality rate, the number of deaths of children less than 5 years old per
1000 live births.

19. Gerontology:
The scientific study of the factors
impacting the normal aging process and the effects of
aging.
Geriatrics:
The branch of medicine concerned with the
illnesses of old age and their care.

20. Life span:
Maximum survival potential, the inherent
natural life of the species; in humans 110-120 years.
Life expectancy:
The number of years of life expectation from
year of birth, 75.8 years in U.S.women live 6.6 years longer
than men.

21. Senescence:
Last stages of adulthood through death.
Categories of elderly
a. Young elderly: ages 65-74 (60% of elderly
population).
b. Old elderly: ages 75-84.
c. Old, old elderly or old & frail elderly: ages> 85.

22. Ageism:
The discrimination and prejudice leveled
against individuals on the basis of their age.
Geriatrics:
The branch of medicine concerned with the
illnesses of old age and their care

23. Geriatric Physical Therapy
is the branch of medicine that
studies rehabilitation and physical therapy issues in
elderly
It aims to promote health and to prevent and treat
diseases and disabilities in older adults