Alzheimer's disease, named after Dr. Alois Alzheimer, is a progressive disorder that leads to memory loss, cognitive decline, and behavioral changes due to neuron damage. There are two types of Alzheimer's: familial (affecting ages 30-60) and sporadic (occurring after age 65), characterized by beta-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. While there is no cure, the FDA has approved medications to slow its progression and improve quality of life.

1. Esraa Nazmy Ahmed Elhelow
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2. Alzheimer’s Disease
• It was named after the German physician ;
Dr. Alois Alzheimer .

3. • In 1906 , he presented a case history
before a medical meeting of a 51-year-old
woman who suffered from a rare brain
disorder. A brain autopsy identified the
plaques and tangles that today
characterize Alzheimer's disease.

6. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive,
degenerative disorder that attacks the
brain's nerve cells, or neurons, resulting in
loss of memory, thinking and language
skills, and behavioral changes.

7. Types of Alzheimer’s
There are 2 types of Alzheimer’s :
Familial Alzheimer’s Disease
(FAD)
between age 30 – 60
Sporadic Alzheimer’s Disease
(SAD)
at age over 65

8. How does Alzheimer’s take place !!
Two types of abnormal lesions clog the
brains of individuals with Alzheimer's
disease:
Beta-amyloid plaques
Neurofibillary tangles

11. How are plaques and tangles
are formed !!

12. How plaques and tangles are
formed !!

13. To watch this video online please visit :
http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=dj3GGDuu15I

14. How do they work !!

15. APP ⇒ Aß42 ⇒ fibrillar Aß and
oligomers ⇒ amyloid plaques
amyloid plaques ⇒ inflammation and
NFTs ⇒ neuron death and synapse loss

16. Stages of disease

17. To watch this video online please visit :
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Wv9jrkgXc

18. Stages of Disease

19. Symptoms of AD
Intellectual
Symptoms
Psychiatric
Symptoms

20. Intellectual Symptoms (4 As of AD)

21. AMNESIA

23. APRAXIA

24. AGNOSIA

25. Psychiatric Symptoms

26. Psychiatric Symptoms
HALLUCINATIONS

27. Diagnosis of AD
• Taking complete medical history .
• Conducting lab autopsy (which
pathologists look for the disease's
characteristic plaques and tangles in brain
tissue) .
• Neuro-psychological tests .

28. What we find is ….

29. Factors increasing chance of
having Alzheimer’s disease :
1-Age>65 years . More than
85 years increases risk to 50% .
2-Family history .
3-Genes .
Head injury .
5- Brain health is
connected to
heart health . So high blood pressure ,
high cholesterol and stroke can increase
risk of having Alzheimer’s disease .
4-

30. Treatment of AD
• Till now there is NO cure for Alzheimer’s.
• But the (FDA) has approved several
medications for the treatment of
Alzheimer’s disease which may help slow
progression of symptoms and improve
quality of life.

31. References :
• Smith 1998a
• Liu etali 2005; Marlattetal 2005
• Human Physiology ;2010 , 2009 , 2007
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