UTILIZATION OF ALTERNATE RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES AT AIRPORTS: ICAO Major Environmental Goals Airport are best fitted for Renewable Energy Solar Power vs. Wind Power (for Airports) Go Solar? (Fundamental Questions) Potential for Solar Technologies Consideration for Go Solar (Design Setup & Risk Assessment) Type of Solar Technologies How to modify Airports towards RE Resources (Case Studies)

1. October 23, 2017
a brief on
UTILIZATION OF
ALTERNATE RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES
AT CAA AIRPORTS
Research & developed by;
Noman Khan
SQMS Inspector
HQCAA Karachi

2. Table of content
 ICAO Major Environmental Goals
 Airport are best fitted for Renewable Energy
 Solar Power vs. Wind Power (for Airports)
 Go Solar? (Fundamental Questions)
 Potential for Solar Technologies
 Consideration for Go Solar (Design Setup & Risk Assessment)
 Type of Solar Technologies
 How to modify Airports towards RE Resources (Case Studies)
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Over 100 airports have now invested in solar power to supply
a portion of their energy needs – and that number is growing.
(Source: ATAG, Aviation Climate Solutions report)

4. ICAO Strategic Objectives
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ICAO has adopted three Major Environmental Goals as part of its
‘Strategic Objectives’ relating to environmental protection:
 Limit or reduce the number of people affected by significant
aircraft noise.
 Limit or reduce the impact of aviation emissions on local air
quality.
 Limit or reduce the impact of aviation Greenhouse Gas
emissions on the global climate.
Ref: https://www.icao.int/environmental-protection/Pages/default.aspx

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The use of renewable energy fits into this third objective and offers
a wealth of opportunity to the aviation industry, if it is embraced
effectively as part of an airport’s expansion plans.
Airports typically benefit from being in close proximity to large
areas of land, may be used to capture and harvest the energy of the
Sun / Wind.
Airports are generally at their busiest during daylight hours,
there is plenty of scope for that energy to be used immediately
thus maximizing the generation yield
ICAO Strategic Objectives
Airports are best fit for Renewable Energy

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Solar Power vs. Wind Power
SolarSolar WindWind
Source of
energy
The sun is everywhere, although some
places are sunnier than others.
Geography and panel placement
matter.
Wind is not everywhere, at least not enough to
count on for power generation.
Geography matters even more than solar.
Space and
Integration
Solar panels take up space but can be
placed almost anywhere (roofs,
ground, etc.) as long as they’re facing
the sun.
Airports have more Space
Wind turbines are space-efficient, but placement
can be a problem. They need to be located above
and away from other buildings and obstacles.
Probable Violation of NACP, Hazards to flight
Safety
Cost
(US study)
The average cost of a 5 kW system,
$13,000 after tax credits.
Cost effective
The average for a 5 kW system,
$20,000 (after tax credits - approx.)
Maintenance
- Virtually No moving parts.
-Maintenance friendly
- Parts require inspection, panels
cleaning, etc. on a periodic basis only.
• Moving parts do require regular maintenance
and replacement
• Higher Maintenance Cost

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Solar Power vs. Wind Power
SolarSolar WindWind
Warranty and
System
Lifespan
Warranty periods vary by manufacturer,
•20-25 years for panels, (common)
•5-10 years for inverters, batteries.
•Solar panels typically last up to 30 years.
Warranty periods for turbine components vary by
manufacturer:
•5-6 years for Turbines Components
•Systems can last 20-25 years,
•Frequent parts replacement along the way.
Predictability
and Reliability
• Solar systems are extremely reliable
• highly predictable in the longer term
• Wind power systems are very reliable.
• Predictability of service can be tricky, as wind
generation often fluctuates significantly.
Noise
• Solar PV systems are noiseless during
operation. (no moving parts)
• Can be troubling Sound levels
• Modern Wind Turbines are little above the
ambient wind Noise.
• Placement near the building can result in
enough noise to be bothersome at times.
Effect on
Wildlife
• Relatively low impact on wildlife,
• Wind turbine movement can be a danger to
wildlife, particularly to birds and other flying
creatures.

8. Go Solar ? (Fundamental Questions)
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Before any airport embarks upon an implementation of solar technology, there are a
few fundamental questions which Airport Operators should consider:
1.What downstream initiatives have been considered or implemented
to optimize the airport’s power demand?
Prior to making any long term investment, airport operators must take a holistic view to
optimizing power usage across the airport. Whether that’s the use of smart lighting,
heating/cooling systems or data centers across the airport, it is important to ensure that
all operations incorporate power saving initiatives wherever possible.
2.What is the “solar irradiance” at your airport?
Depending on where you are in the world, it’s vital that your airport is exposed to
a sufficient number of useable sunlight hours throughout the year, to make solar a viable and
cost-effective option.
Before any airport embarks upon an implementation of solar technology, there are a
few fundamental questions which Airport Operators should consider:
1.What downstream initiatives have been considered or implemented
to optimize the airport’s power demand?
Prior to making any long term investment, airport operators must take a holistic view to
optimizing power usage across the airport. Whether that’s the use of smart lighting,
heating/cooling systems or data centers across the airport, it is important to ensure that
all operations incorporate power saving initiatives wherever possible.
2.What is the “solar irradiance” at your airport?
Depending on where you are in the world, it’s vital that your airport is exposed to
a sufficient number of useable sunlight hours throughout the year, to make solar a viable and
cost-effective option.

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3. Where will you locate your solar panels?
It’s vital that the space available is in the right place. The mitigation of reflection
which can be an unwanted obstruction to pilots, ATC , airside movement area vehicles
and personnel is paramount.
4. Which technology should you select?
The most expensive is not always the best – the cost of a solar panel is determined by
various factors including rating (power output), physical size, brand, quality of materials
and warranty period.
5. What form of storage should be allowed?
In an ideal world, dynamic energy storage capabilities are preferred but this should be
based on the airport’s operational requirements closely linked to the annual electrical
load profile. It must also be carefully planned in close consultation with the respective
supply authority or regulator.
Go Solar ? (Fundamental Questions)

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Solar PowerSolar Power is the most favorable renewable technology
that makes sense right now – and the migration towards
the creation of more ‘power neutral’ airports will only
accelerate over the coming years.
Solar PowerSolar Power is the most favorable renewable technology
that makes sense right now – and the migration towards
the creation of more ‘power neutral’ airports will only
accelerate over the coming years.
In all respects for airports,
 Solar PV systems easier to install & More affordable,
 Terminal Roof and Airfields are most obvious choices
 The copper used in these systems is not consumed,
o Reusable resource that can be recycled after the life cycle of the
solar array.
 Solar PV systems easier to install & More affordable,
 Terminal Roof and Airfields are most obvious choices
 The copper used in these systems is not consumed,
o Reusable resource that can be recycled after the life cycle of the
solar array.
Airports are best fitted for RE

11. Brisbane Airport has one success story; The airport had saved
1.79 GWh of energy through solar PV and energy
efficiency projects.
 Equivalent to the amount of energy used by
500 households.
(BA Sustainability Report for Financial Year 2016)
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Airports are best fitted for RE (Continued)

12. Solar Energy for Small Airport:
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Solar Energy not only beneficial for Large airports or those are in Sunnier climates.
Even remote and smaller airports could benefit hugely from renewable energy sources,
Solar Energy not only beneficial for Large airports or those are in Sunnier climates.
Even remote and smaller airports could benefit hugely from renewable energy sources,
Airports are best fitted for RE (Continued)
George Airport in South Africa – one of Africa’s first solar
powered airports – where solar currently contributes up to 41%
of the airport’s energy consumption at any given time.

13. Invest WiselyInvest Wisely
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Biggest obstacle is the cost of the upfront investment in solar
power technology.
There are distinct benefits to outlining the feasibility of solar technology
within an airport’s masterplan.
Airports can invest up-front, generally seeing significant return on
investment within 7-12 years.
Where possible it is wise to establish mutually beneficial agreements
between airport operators and utilities for the generation and re-
distribution of excess energy.

14. The Potential Growth and Affordability of solar power makes it a
promising alternative to conventional energy sources
“The SunShot Vision Study provides the most comprehensive assessment to date of the
potential for solar technologies to meet a significant share of electricity demand in the
United States during the next several decades. The study explores a future:
Solar energy technology is becoming more affordable than it has been and is used in a
large-scale application like the solar field at the Indianapolis International airport.
Potential for Solar technologies
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The cost of solar technologies decreases
by about 75% between 2010 and 2020
The cost of solar technologies decreases
by about 75% between 2010 and 2020

15. Consideration for Go Solar; Design Setup
Monday, October 23, 2017
Our design team need to consider and apply during the planning, implementation, and
operation of renewable energy sources. (but not limited):
Legislative / Legal concerns and considerations,
Cost / Benefit Analyses,
o Choose appropriate technology
o Resources
o Involving Stakeholders (Public-Private Partnership)
Location Selection, (Rooftop, Airside land, Car Park Lot)
Risk assessment
o to help plan for and mitigate hazards before they become
imminent
Post implementation assessment of effectiveness and ongoing
evaluation
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16. Risk assessment
Damage to Existing Environment
Cause a Fire on Rooftop / field: rescue operation facilities
Panel Reflection; hazard to flight safety
Structure damage to Terminal Roof
Maintenance friendly workplace
Obstructions for response for disabled Aircraft & others
Safeguarding of fitting & fixtures
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Consideration for Go Solar (continued)

17. Type of Solar Technologies
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Solar photovoltaic (PV):
Practicing world wide on airport at:
Terminal building Rooftop
Airside / aerodrome land
Car park area
Airports most obvious Choice around the world
Easy to install
Cost effective
Maintenance friendly

18. How PV Solar Panel Works
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Solar Panels – absorbs energy form
the sun and turns it into DC Current
Inverter – converts DC Current into
Current and controls the electricity
and production
Electrical Panels – this distributes the
electricity to your home
Utility Meter – any excess solar electricity
will flow back to the grid through the meter
Utility Grid – Provides electricity when you
exceed the amount produced by your solar
panels

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Others type of Solar Energy (Continued)
Concentrating Solar power:
use mirrors to concentrate the sun’s thermal
energy to drive a conventional steam turbine
to make electricity
Hazards to Flight Safety
Geographical Limitation

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Others type of Solar Energy (Continued)
Solar Heating & Cooling:
Air heating & water heating with solar energy.
For residential, Commercial and industrial
applications.
Properly designed and installed system can
provide 40 to 80 percent of a building’s hot
water needs.
Circulate conditioned air or liquid throughout a
building using existing HVAC systems, without
using electricity

21. Selected Cases

22. Denver International Airport (DEN) has been committed to investing in on-site
renewable energy technology.
No. of Solar panels: 42,614 (4 PV Solar Arrays)
Total Acres: 56 Acres
Power Generation; 10 MW
Electricity to power over 2,500 typical Denver-area homes.
Production Potential: 16.1 Gigawatt
The arrays have the capacity to offset up to 11,465 metric tons of greenhouse-gas emissions each
year, which is equivalent to the emissions associated with burning more than 12 million pounds of
coal.
Case Study: Denver Int'l Airport
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23. Case Study; Cochin Int'l India
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Cochin Int’al, India, under a Public-Private Partnership, has established itself to become the
world’s first airport completely powered by solar power.
Generation: 12 MWp (on Airside)
1.1 MWp (roof top)
Land used; 45 Acres
Generation Target: 200 MWh (next 10 years by expanding this project)
In the next 6 years; $ 9.4 Millions (Capital expenditure – Approx.) by selling
surplus power to the state.

24. Case Study: San Diego Int'al Airport
Monday, October 23, 2017
San Diego Int’al Airport, under a Public-Private Partnership, has established itself to become the
world’s first airport completely powered by solar power.
Land used; 45 Acres (near Cargo Complex)
Generation: 5.5 MWp Solar PV system peak)
consumed by the airport for its daily operations
Surplus go to the state’s electric grid, acting as a
backup power generation system on days when power generation is low.
Generation Target: 9,200 MWh (expected in its 1st
year of full operation)
I $10% to 13% of airport needs
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25. Galapagos Ecological Airport (formally Seymour Airport)
was first airport terminal in Ecuador powered
exclusively on wind and solar energy in 2012.
Power Generation:35% from PV Solar Panels,
65% from 4 wind turbines
Terminal Building Features;
 Endemic Plants are dotted around the entrance of the 64K Sq. Ft Building
Auto - Mech shutters that open/close in order to control the building's heat.
Water source is provided through its own desalination plant, which converts local sea water
to fresh water.
80% of its infrastructure is made from materials recycled from the old building
Cost $ 40 Million - 100 Ecological Airport
Case Study: Galapagos Ecological Airport
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26. Kuala Lumpur Int’l Airport, under a Public-Private Partnership, with Zero investment
used and sold to local utility
Generation: 19 MW (4MV rooftop, 10MV Car Park Canopy, 5MV Ground mount)
Feature: Zero project Costs and Receives lease payment Revenue
Owned by SunEdision:
Project Development, Permits/Approvals,
Financing, Engineering,
Construction & Commission
Now operates and maintains
Generation Target:
save $ 627, 000 / per year
Case Study: Kuala Lumpur Int'l Airport
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27. Environmental Benefits:
Logan International Airport, MA; Development, Engineering, Procurement, Construction
Management, Construction Financing, Owner, and Operation & Maintenance.
Total System Size: 370 kW
Annual Output: 430,000 kWh
Project Type: 20 year
(power purchase agreement)
The green benefit from this carbon reduction is roughly equal to:
 243 acres of US forest absorbing carbon for 1 year
 62 cars taken off the road & 41 households powered for 1 year
The project helps reduce the need for energy from traditional power plants fueled by
fossil fuels.
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Case Study; Logan Int'l Airport, Boston

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“If the process in right, the results will take care of
themselves”
(Takashi Osada)

29. Thank you