Alice in Wonderland Syndrome(AIWS)
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This document discusses Alice in Wonderland Syndrome (AIWS), a rare neurological condition that causes temporary episodes of distorted perception such as feeling larger or smaller than one's actual size. AIWS most commonly affects children around age 6 and is more prevalent in girls. Potential causes include migraine, Epstein-Barr virus, depression, and seizures. Symptoms involve changes in body image perception and feeling like one's surroundings are "zooming." While there is no definitive treatment, managing underlying conditions and getting rest can help relieve symptoms.
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Alice in Wonderland Syndrome
1) Alice in Wonderland Syndrome is a rare perceptual disorder characterized by distortions of visual perception, body schema, and the experience of time.
2) It has various potential etiologies including infectious diseases, CNS lesions, psychiatric disorders, medications, and substances.
3) Symptoms include visual distortions like metamorphopsia as well as somesthetic and other non-visual distortions. The condition is usually treated by addressing any underlying causes.
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Alice in Wonderland Syndrome (AiWS) is a neurological condition that causes distorted visual perceptions such as objects appearing unusually large or small. It is believed to have influenced the plot of Alice in Wonderland, as the author Lewis Carroll experienced AiWS episodes. The movie depicts examples of AiWS perceptions, like Alice changing size after eating or drinking items. However, there is no known cure or treatment for AiWS as episodes are typically brief and research into the condition remains limited due to its various potential causes.
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Alice in Wonderland Syndrome
1) Alice in Wonderland Syndrome is a rare perceptual disorder characterized by distortions of visual perception, body schema, and the experience of time.
2) It has various potential etiologies including infectious diseases, CNS lesions, psychiatric disorders, medications, and substances.
3) Symptoms include visual distortions like metamorphopsia as well as somesthetic and other non-visual distortions. The condition is usually treated by addressing any underlying causes.
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Lysosomal Storage Disease
Lysosomal storage diseases are caused by a lack of enzymes in lysosomes that normally break down unwanted substances in cells. This causes substances to build up and damage cells over time, leading to progressive physical and mental deterioration. There are over 40 types of lysosomal diseases that vary in severity from mild to fatal. The prognosis depends on the type and severity of the disease, with typical forms causing a full set of symptoms and reduced life expectancy of around 15 years.
ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE.pptx
Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurologic disorder that causes atrophy of brain cells, leading it to cell death. it is degenerative and progressive illness. Increase in age with sedentary lifestyle and lack of brain storming activities are indirectly leading to mental disorders with cognitive disruptions like dementia and lading up into Alzheimer's, which makes life miserable of client due to dependency. It is essential to keep the elderly active physiologically as well as psychologically. Statistical data of several studies shows the rise in the cases of Alzheimer's disease, which is the highlighting point of concern. Due to increased digitalization and decreased socialization among the human species throughout globe is leading to increased in risk of getting cognitive deficits.
Pt assesment BY PRASANTH PS
Cerebral palsy (CP) is a group of disorders caused by damage to the developing brain either during pregnancy or shortly after birth. It affects movement and posture and can cause physical disability. The main types are spastic CP (stiff muscles), athetoid/dyskinetic CP (uncontrolled movements), and ataxic CP (problems with coordination). Risk factors include preterm birth, low birth weight, infections during pregnancy, complications during delivery, and genetic disorders. Diagnosis involves assessing motor skills, muscle tone, reflexes, and ruling out other potential causes through imaging and tests.
Malaria and bovine spongiform encephalitis
1) Malaria is caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Plasmodium transmitted via mosquito bites. It is prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions where mosquitoes can breed.
2) Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE), also known as mad cow disease, is a fatal brain disease caused by prions. Cattle can contract BSE from eating rendered protein in feed that contains infected tissue.
3) Prion diseases like BSE and its human form Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD) are transmitted when humans consume meat infected with prions, which are very resistant to heat sterilization and other methods.
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LOW BIRTH WEIGHT. PRETERM BABIES OR SMALL FOR DATES BABIES
low birth weight presentation. Low birth weight (LBW) infant is defined as the one whose birth weight is less than 2500g irrespective of their gestational age. Premature birth and low birth weight(LBW) is still a serious problem in newborn. Causing high morbidity and mortality rate worldwide. The nursing care provide to low birth weight babies is crucial in promoting their overall health and development. Through careful assessment, diagnosis,, planning, and evaluation plays a vital role in ensuring these vulnerable infants receive the specialize care they need. In India every third of the infant weight less than 2500g.
Birth period, socioeconomical status, nutritional and intrauterine environment are the factors influencing low birth weight
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Are you looking for a long-lasting solution to your missing tooth?
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The Nervous and Chemical Regulation of Respiration
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a simplified look into the mechanisms involved in the regulation of respiration:
Learning objectives:
1. Describe the organisation of respiratory center
2. Describe the nervous control of inspiration and respiratory rhythm
3. Describe the functions of the dorsal and respiratory groups of neurons
4. Describe the influences of the Pneumotaxic and Apneustic centers
5. Explain the role of Hering-Breur inflation reflex in regulation of inspiration
6. Explain the role of central chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
7. Explain the role of peripheral chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
8. Explain the regulation of respiration during exercise
9. Integrate the respiratory regulatory mechanisms
10. Describe the Cheyne-Stokes breathing
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 42, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 36, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 13, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
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Skin Diseases That Happen During Summer.
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Breast cancer in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) status is a common and complex condition that necessitates a multifaceted approach to management. HR+ breast cancer means that the cancer cells grow in response to hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. This subtype is prevalent among postmenopausal women and typically exhibits a more indolent course compared to other forms of breast cancer, which allows for a variety of treatment options.
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The diagnosis of HR+ breast cancer begins with clinical evaluation, imaging, and biopsy. Imaging modalities such as mammography, ultrasound, and MRI help in assessing the extent of the disease. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemical staining of the biopsy sample confirm the diagnosis and hormone receptor status by identifying the presence of estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) on the tumor cells.
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Treatment Options
Endocrine Therapy
Endocrine therapy is the cornerstone of treatment for HR+ breast cancer in postmenopausal women. The primary goal is to reduce the levels of estrogen or block its effects on cancer cells. Commonly used agents include:
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs): Tamoxifen is a SERM that binds to estrogen receptors, blocking estrogen from stimulating breast cancer cells. It is effective but may have side effects such as increased risk of endometrial cancer and thromboembolic events.
Aromatase Inhibitors (AIs): These drugs, including anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane, lower estrogen levels by inhibiting the aromatase enzyme, which converts androgens to estrogen in peripheral tissues. AIs are generally preferred in postmenopausal women due to their efficacy and safety profile compared to tamoxifen.
Selective Estrogen Receptor Downregulators (SERDs): Fulvestrant is a SERD that degrades estrogen receptors and is used in cases where resistance to other endocrine therapies develops.
Combination Therapies
Combining endocrine therapy with other treatments enhances efficacy. Examples include:
Endocrine Therapy with CDK4/6 Inhibitors: Palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib are CDK4/6 inhibitors that, when combined with endocrine therapy, significantly improve progression-free survival in advanced HR+ breast cancer.
Endocrine Therapy with mTOR Inhibitors: Everolimus, an mTOR inhibitor, can be added to endocrine therapy for patients who have developed resistance to aromatase inhibitors.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is generally reserved for patients with high-risk features, such as large tumor size, high-grade histology, or extensive lymph node involvement. Regimens often include anthracyclines and taxanes.
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Osteoporosis is an increasing cause of morbidity among the elderly.
In this document , a brief outline of osteoporosis is given , including the risk factors of osteoporosis fractures , the indications for testing bone mineral density and the management of osteoporosis
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Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
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Alice in Wonderland Syndrome(AIWS)
- 1. Alice in Wonderland Syndrome(AIWS) Name-Chhatra Ram Roll number-19162031 Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology (IIT- BHU)
- 2. Alice in Wonderland Syndrome(AIWS) Novel- Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland, author-lewis Carroll.
- 3. AIWS is a rare condition that causes temporary episodes of distorted perception and disorientation. You may feel larger or smaller than you actually are. The syndrome can occur at any age , but is more common in children Average age is 6 More girls than boys Episodes are short
- 5. Symptoms Altered body image: Smaller(micropsia) Larger(macropsia) Too close(pelopsia) Too far(teleopsia) Can feel like they are “zooming "in on their surrounding environment.
- 7. Treatment: Not definitive treatment Treatment for symptoms( such as migraines): Change in diet Change in the lifestyle Getting a lot of rest
- 8. References: 1. Alice In Wonderland Syndrome: A Rare Neurological Manifestation With Microscopy In A 6-Year-Old Child – National Center for Biotechnology Information. 2. Alice in Wonderland Syndrome – AIWS. 3. Rastogi RG, et al. (2016). Migrainous aura, visual snow, and “Alice in Wonderland” syndrome in childhood. DOI: 10.1016/j.spen.2016.01.006.