1. The document discusses alcohols, which are organic compounds containing a hydroxyl (-OH) functional group. Alcohols are produced from carbohydrates through fermentation. 2. The general formula for alcohols is CnH2n+1OH. Butan-1-ol and butan-2-ol are examples of position isomers for butanol, where the hydroxyl group is located on different carbons of the butane chain. 3. Isomerism increases with longer carbon chains as there are more positions for the hydroxyl group to attach, producing different molecular structures with the same molecular formula.