Alcohol and tobacco addiction
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Tobacco and alcohol addiction are major public health issues in the United States. Tobacco smoking is the leading preventable cause of death, with over 10 million Americans having died from smoking-related illnesses. Nearly half of all American adults smoke, and one-third of youth currently smoke, with 90% of adult smokers becoming addicted before age 18. Regarding alcohol, 6.6 million children live with at least one alcoholic parent, while alcohol abuse is the third leading preventable cause of death in America, and drunk drivers account for half of all highway fatalities.
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Over 100,000 deaths in the US each year are caused by excessive alcohol consumption, and underage drinkers often obtain alcohol from friends and family. Nearly 14 million Americans meet the diagnostic criteria for alcohol use disorders, and minors who drink alcohol are 50 times more likely to use cocaine than those who never drink. Males are four times as likely as females to be heavy drinkers, and over 18% of Americans experience alcohol abuse or dependence at some point in their lives.
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Alcohol causes over 100,000 deaths annually in the United States, making it the third leading cause of preventable death after tobacco and poor diet/exercise habits. More than 13 million Americans have problems with drinking, including over 8 million who are considered alcoholic. One third of alcoholic deaths are from accidents like drownings, falls, or car crashes. Past year illicit drug use rates were similar for full-time college students, part-time college students, and non-students. However, full-time college students were less likely than non-students to use certain drugs like cocaine, crack cocaine, pain relievers, and methamphetamine.
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Suicide is the third leading cause of death among youth ages 15 to 24, accounting for over 12% of deaths. Gay, lesbian, and bisexual youth are 4 times more likely to attempt suicide than their heterosexual peers. Nearly half of young transgender people have seriously considered suicide and one quarter have attempted it. Questioning or unsure youth report even higher rates of substance abuse and depressed thoughts than their LGBT or heterosexual peers. LGB youth are more likely to use drugs and alcohol at an earlier age and engage in riskier behaviors. More than 75% of sexual minority youth report verbal abuse while 15% report physical abuse, and losing friends due to coming out predicts poorer mental health.
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Alcohol causes over 100,000 deaths annually in the United States, making it the third leading cause of preventable death after tobacco and poor diet/exercise habits. More than 13 million Americans have problems with drinking, including over 8 million who are considered alcoholic. One third of alcoholic deaths are from accidents like drownings, falls, or car crashes. Past year illicit drug use rates were similar for full-time college students, part-time college students, and non-students. However, full-time college students were less likely than non-students to use certain drugs like cocaine, crack cocaine, pain relievers, and methamphetamine.
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Substance abuse has risen 68% in the last 10 years and is linked to crimes like anti-social behavior and violence. Studies show that 70% of offenders abused alcohol in the past and 50% still have issues with it. Age 16-24 year old males are most likely to abuse substances and commit crimes. Poverty and lack of education are also linked to higher rates of substance abuse and crime, as those suffering from social exclusion may turn to drugs or alcohol to cope or see dealing as their only means. Finally, regular cannabis use increases the risk of mental illness, which is in turn linked to criminal behavior.
Smoking
Tobacco use is the leading cause of preventable death in the US and worldwide. In the US, tobacco use results in over 400,000 premature deaths annually. Worldwide, tobacco use causes over 3 million deaths per year. The tobacco industry targets youth to replace the 3000 smokers who die or quit each day. Nicotine is highly addictive due to its effects on the brain's reward pathways and dopamine release. While the health risks of smoking are well established, the tobacco industry suppressed this information and targeted youth in marketing for many years.
Teens And Smoking Essay
Teenage smoking is on the rise, influenced by peer pressure, images in advertising, and accessibility of cigarettes. While some teens view it as rebellious or cool, it is highly addictive and can lead to long-term health issues. Parental influence and banning advertising that targets teens could help address this serious public health problem.
Risk Factors for Alcoholism & Drug Addiction
The document discusses several risk factors for alcoholism and drug addiction. Some key risk factors include starting alcohol or drug use during adolescence, having a family history of substance abuse or experiencing abuse as a child, and having certain psychiatric or behavioral disorders. Adolescents who begin drinking or using drugs are much more likely to develop an addiction compared to those who begin later. Those with a family history of substance abuse or a personal history of abuse or neglect are also at higher risk. Certain psychiatric conditions like depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder and ADHD can increase one's risk as well. Race and gender can also influence risk levels, though biological and cultural factors affecting risk among groups are not fully understood.
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Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
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2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
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- 1. Alcohol and Tobacco Addiction By: Hannah Graham
- 2. Tobacco Facts: Smoking is the #1 preventable cause of premature death in the U.S. About 10 million people have died in the U.S. from causes attributed to smoking. 90% of adult smokers are addicted before the age of 18, 50% before the age of 14. The average age of initiation to tobacco is age 11. 48 million adults smoke in the U.S. (22.9% of the overall population) and 33% of the youth currently smoke. Source: http://www.costkids.org/tobacco/tobacco/tobaccoframeset.htm
- 3. Alcohol Facts: 6.6 million children under 18 live in households with at least one alcoholic parent. 80% of high school seniors have consumed alcohol 62% have been drunk. Alcohol abuse is the 3rd leading cause of the preventable deaths in the U.S. More than 1/2 of American adults have a close family member who has or has had alcoholism. Drunk drivers are responsible for 50% of highway fatalities. Source: http://www.alcohol-information.com/Alcohol_Statistics.html