Albert Einstein Theory E=MC2 Interpretation

By
B.B.S.Kumar
Research Scholar, Jain University,
Assistant Professor, ECE Dept., RRCE , Bengaluru,
India
bbskumarindia@gmail.com
Albert Einstein Theory
E=MC2 Interpretation
Faculty Development Program
Presentation on

Presentation Overview
 The Birth
 Education
 The Theory of Light
 Einstein Field Equations
 Theory of Relativity
 E=MC²
 The Brownian Motion
 The Photoelectric Effect
 Nobel Prize
 Atomic Bomb
 Scientist Conflict & Research
 Einstein was Offered the Presidency of Israel
 Time Magazine
 Albert Einstein Famous Quotes
 Albert Einstein Death
12/17/20142 FDP, Dept of ECE, RRCE, Bengaluru, India

The Birth
12/17/2014FDP, Dept of ECE, RRCE, Bengaluru, India3
• Albert Einstein is born to Hermann
Einstein a salesman and engineer and
his wife Pauline in Ulm, Germany,
14 march 1879.
• Residences Germany, Italy,
Switzerland, and USA.
• Ethnicity Ashkenazi Jewish

Education
• Albert Einstein attended a Catholic School.
• Although Einstein had early speech difficulties
(he often said he used to repeat his own
sentences), he was a top student in elementary
school.
• Einstein family moved to Italy, Einstein had
been left behind to finish high school, but he
withdrew to join his family .
• Rather than completing high school, Einstein
decided to apply directly to the ETH Zurich, the
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich
which he did not get into .
• His family sent him away to finish secondary
school.
• In 1901, the year he gained his diploma.
• In 1905 he obtained his doctor's degree.

The Theory of Light
 Before Einstein no one really
understood how light really worked. It
was a wave, particles, quanta…… no
one really new.
 Light did not follow Newtonians
physics.
 In 1905 Einstein put out a paper that
declared light, travels as both a wave
and as particles called quanta, mostly
because it has to.
 In 1911, he finally gets a job as a
Professor of Physics at the German
University.

Contd…
…

Einstein Field Equations
 The Einstein field equations are a
set of ten equations in Einstein's
theory of general relativity in which
the fundamental force of
gravitation is described as a curved
space time caused by matter and
energy. They were first published in
1915.
 The Einstein field equations are
used to determine the curvature of
space time resulting from the
presence of mass and energy. That
is, they determine the metric tensor
of space time for a given
arrangement of stress-energy in the
space time.

Theory of Relativity
First Part: Special Relativity
 Special relativity is based on two postulates :
1. The laws of physics are the same for all observers in uniform
motion relative to one another
2. The speed of light in a vacuum is the same for all observers,
regardless of their relative motion or of the motion of the source
of the light.
 The resultant theory has many surprising consequences. Some
of these are:
• Time dilation: Moving clocks are measured to tick more slowly
than an observer's "stationary" clock.
• Length contraction: Objects are measured to be shortened in the
direction that they are moving with respect to the observer.
• Relativity of simultaneity: Two events that are simultaneous to an
observer A may not be simultaneous to an observer B if B is
moving

Contd……
General Relativity
Which primarily applies to particles as they accelerate,
particularly due to gravitation, and acts as a radical revision of
Newton’s theory, predicting important new results for fast-
moving and/or very massive bodies.
Some of the consequences of general relativity are:
• Time goes more slowly in higher gravitational fields. This is
called gravitational time dilation.
• Orbits process in a way unexpected in Newton's theory of
gravity. (This has been observed in the orbit of Mercury and in
binary pulsars).
• Rays of light bend in the presence of a gravitational field.
• Frame-dragging, in which a rotating mass "drags along" the
space time around it.

E=MC²
 Energy equals mass
times the speed of light
squared. Formula was
derived due to Einstein's
realization of how closely
energy and a mass of a
body is connected.
 This formula suggests
that tiny amounts of mass
can be converted into
huge amounts of energy.

E=mc2
 E = Energy, m = mass, c = Speed of light
 c=λo/f, λo = wave length, f = frequency
 Earth = Matter = Atoms = ((Neutrons + Protons)
Nucleus & Electrons
 Physical Quantity = Electrical Signal = Random Signal
=parameters(time, frequency, phase, magnitude)
 Vector & Scalar Quantity
 Orthogonal - Basis Function-1D, 2D………….
 Electromagnetic Waves : travel near to speed of light

Contd….
 Know that the equation is simply about special
relativity: mass can turn into energy and energy can
turn into mass
 To find out how much energy an object has,
multiply the mass of the object by the square of the
speed of light : Pure energy is electromagnetic
radiation and electromagnetic radiation moves at the
speed of light in a perfect vacuum
 Calculate the square of speed of light : kinetic
energy= (1/2) x mass x velocity2
The square of the speed of light is a very large figure:
around 448,900,000,000,000,000 in units of mph; even
a small chunk of matter can produce a large amount of
energy.

The Brownian Motion
 Brownian motion is the
seemingly random
movement of particles
suspended in a liquid or gas
or the mathematical model
used to describe such
random movements, often
called a particle theory.
 Examined molecular action
that supported the Atomic
Theory.

The Photoelectric Effect
 The photoelectric effect is a
phenomenon in which
electrons are emitted from
matter after the absorption of
energy from electromagnetic
radiation such as x-rays or
visible light.
 Einstein hypothesized that the
number of electrons released
would not depend on that
light's energy. Confirming his
hypothesis through several
experiments, Einstein won the
Nobel Prize of 1921 for his
works in his field.

Nobel Prize
 Einstein received the 1921 Nobel
Prize in Physics quantum theory of
light, "Generation and Conversion
of Light with Regard to a Heuristic
Point of View," for which he was
awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics
in 1921 was published. The paper
dealt with the photoelectric effect
and postulated that light sometimes
acts like a stream of particles with
discrete energies, or quanta.

Atomic Bomb
 Einstein urging U.S.
developing weapon. In
August 1939, Roosevelt
received the Einstein letter
and authorized secret
research into the harnessing
of nuclear fission for
military purposes.
 Einstein formula E=MC²
was key in the United States
developing the atomic
bomb.

Scientist Conflict & Research
 Newton & Einstein(Gravity)
 Neil Bohr & Einstein(Atomic Structure)
 Bosons & Einstein(Statistics Quantum)
 Higgs & Boson(God’s Particle)

Einstein was Offered the
Presidency of Israel
 After the death of the
first president of Israel
in 1952, the Israeli
government decided to
offer the post of
second president to
Einstein. He refused
but found the offer an
embarrassment since
it was hard for him to
refuse without causing
offence.

Time Magazine
 In 1999, Albert Einstein was named
"Person of the Century" by Time
magazine, a Gallup poll recorded
him as the fourth most admired
person of the 20th century and
according to The 100: A Ranking of
the Most Influential Persons in
History, Einstein is "the greatest
scientist of the twentieth century and
one of the supreme intellects of all
time."

Albert Einstein Famous Quotes
• True religion is real living; living with all one's soul, with all one's
goodness and righteousness.
• Things should be made as simple as possible, but not any simpler.
• The truth of a theory is in your mind, not in your eyes.
• Two things are infinite: the universe and human stupidity; and I'm
not sure about the universe.
• Only a life lived for others is a life worth while.
• If A is a success in life, then A equals x plus y plus z. Work is x; y is
play; and z is keeping your mouth shut.
• I know not with what weapons World War III will be fought, but
World War IV will be fought with sticks and stones.
• If I had my life to live over again, I’d be a plumber.
• The hardest thing in the world to understand is the income tax.
• If you can't explain it simply you don't understand it well enough.

Albert Einstein Death
 On 17 April 1955, Albert Einstein experienced
internal bleeding caused by the rupture of an aortic
aneurysm. He took a draft of a speech he was
preparing for a television appearance
commemorating the State of Israel's seventh
anniversary with him to the hospital, but he did not
live long enough to complete it. He died in
Princeton Hospital early the next morning at the
age of 76.
 Einstein's remains were cremated and his ashes
were scattered. Einstein's last words will never be
known as he said them in German and the
attending nurse could not speak German .
 Before the cremation, Princeton Hospital
pathologist Thomas Stoltz Harvey removed
Einstein's brain for preservation, without the
permission of his family, in hope that the
neuroscience of the future would be able to
discover what made Einstein so intelligent.

“Good listener always good learner, have
patience to get break through”
Thank you!
By
B.B.S.Kumar

Albert Einstein Theory E=MC2 Interpretation

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