New approaches in ventilator associated pneumonia (vap) management (dr. sameh...Sameh Elhabashy
Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP) occurs frequently and is associated with significant morbidity in critically ill patients.There is no enough evidence to indicate that VAP is preventable and that hospitals can decrease VAP rates.
VAP is associated with increased lengths of ICU and hospital stay, increased mortality rates, and increased costs.
Analysis of LOS reports demonstrated that VAP was associated with a mean increase in ICU length-of-stay of 6.1 days.
Approximately (50 %) of all antibiotics administered in (ICUs) are for treatment of (VAP ). Therefore this ppt. concerned with; Illustration of (VAP), Epidemiology and Risk factors,Types of (VAP), Causative Pathogenesis, New approaches in diagnosis, Protocols of treatment, Prevention Strategies and (VAP bundle).
New approaches in ventilator associated pneumonia (vap) management (dr. sameh...Sameh Elhabashy
Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP) occurs frequently and is associated with significant morbidity in critically ill patients.There is no enough evidence to indicate that VAP is preventable and that hospitals can decrease VAP rates.
VAP is associated with increased lengths of ICU and hospital stay, increased mortality rates, and increased costs.
Analysis of LOS reports demonstrated that VAP was associated with a mean increase in ICU length-of-stay of 6.1 days.
Approximately (50 %) of all antibiotics administered in (ICUs) are for treatment of (VAP ). Therefore this ppt. concerned with; Illustration of (VAP), Epidemiology and Risk factors,Types of (VAP), Causative Pathogenesis, New approaches in diagnosis, Protocols of treatment, Prevention Strategies and (VAP bundle).
The new GEF assistance is designed to address the three highest priority transboundary problems in the Black Sea: eutrophication, discharge of toxic substances including oil, and loss of critical habitats. It provides two regional projects for the Black Sea and Danube River basins, as well as country-related investment projects. The goals are to reduce nutrient levels to allow ecosystem recovery, establish monitoring methods, and further assess nutrient loads and ecological status. A range of indicators are proposed to monitor nutrients and their effects, including chemical concentrations, biological parameters, and physical measurements. An implementation process is outlined to agree on indicators, undertake pilot monitoring, and incorporate them into the Black Sea monitoring program.
Most states in the US require separation distances between livestock production/ manure storage facilities and water resources
Iowa, for example, for liquid manure from animal buildings and manure storages requires 150 -300 meters separation
The new GEF assistance is designed to address the three highest priority transboundary problems in the Black Sea: eutrophication, discharge of toxic substances including oil, and loss of critical habitats. It provides two regional projects for the Black Sea and Danube River basins, as well as country-related investment projects. The goals are to reduce nutrient levels to allow ecosystem recovery, establish monitoring methods, and further assess nutrient loads and ecological status. A range of indicators are proposed to monitor nutrients and their effects, including chemical concentrations, biological parameters, and physical measurements. An implementation process is outlined to agree on indicators, undertake pilot monitoring, and incorporate them into the Black Sea monitoring program.
Most states in the US require separation distances between livestock production/ manure storage facilities and water resources
Iowa, for example, for liquid manure from animal buildings and manure storages requires 150 -300 meters separation
1) The document discusses the economics of nosocomial infections and antimicrobial resistance. It outlines the high costs associated with nosocomial infections, including increased length of hospital stay, excess costs of treatment, and increased mortality.
2) Several studies are summarized that estimate the excess costs of various types of nosocomial infections, such as surgical site infections, bloodstream infections, pneumonias, and central line-associated infections. Across multiple countries and healthcare settings, the estimated excess costs per infection range from thousands to tens of thousands of dollars.
3) Nosocomial infections pose a significant economic burden to healthcare systems worldwide. Reducing their incidence could save hospitals substantial costs while improving patient outcomes.
This document discusses the economics of nosocomial (hospital-acquired) infections. It notes that nosocomial infections represent an important public health problem in developing countries, causing high rates of morbidity, mortality, and economic costs for hospitalized patients. The document then provides statistics on the incidence and excess costs of nosocomial infections in various countries. It also discusses methodologies for calculating the costs of nosocomial infections and examines various studies that have estimated the excess costs associated with specific types of nosocomial infections.
This document discusses the economic analysis of nosocomial (hospital-acquired) infections. It provides background on the incidence and impact of nosocomial infections, including increased length of stay, costs, and mortality. The document then discusses methods for calculating the excess costs of nosocomial infections and provides examples of studies estimating costs for specific types of infections like surgical site infections, bloodstream infections, and pneumonias. Overall, the document aims to outline approaches for analyzing the significant economic burden of nosocomial infections.
9. Avrupa BBiirrlliiğğii’’nnddee HHaassttaannee DDıışşıı
AAnnttiibbiiyyoottiikk KKuullllaannıımmıı –– 11999977 ((DDDDDD))
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Fransa İspanya Portekiz İsveç Danimarka Hollanda
Cars O, et al. Lancet 2001; 357: 1851-3
10. Avrupa Birliği’nde HHaassttaannee DDıışşıı
AAnnttiibbiiyyoottiikk KKuullllaannıımmıı ––
11999977--22000022 ((DDDDDD))
Goossens H, et al. Lancet 2006; 365: 579-87
18. Akılcı antibiyotik kullanımı
Uygun endikasyon →İnfeksiyon
Uygun antibiyotik → Spektrum
Uygun zaman →İnfeksiyonun şiddeti
Uygun konsantrasyon → Farmakokinetik
Uygun doz - yol → Farmakodinamik
Uygun maliyet → Farmakoekonomi
28. AUC ve MIC arasındaki ilişki
CCmmaakkss ((ppiikk))
YYaarrııllaannmmaa öömmrrüü
MIC üzerindeki süre (t >MIC)
SSüürree ((ssaaaatt))
PPllaazzmmaa kkoonnssaannttrraassyyoonnuu
AUC24
CCmmiinn ((ttaabbaann))
AUC 24 /MIC=
AUC24
MIC
MIC
0 12 24
43. MMaalliiyyeett--eettkkiinnlliikk ddüüzzlleemmii
Girişim A’dan az etkili ve pahalı
Girişim A’dan az etkili ve ucuz
Girişim A’dan daha etkili ve pahalı
Girişim A’dan daha etkili ve ucuz
Maliyet
(+)
(-) Etkinlik (+)
-
A
B
(-)