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The thyroid gland secretes three hormones and is located in the neck below the larynx. Hypothyroidism is a deficiency of thyroid hormones that causes disorders like Hashimoto's disease, thyroid nodules, cretinism, myxedema, and hypomenorrhoea. Hyperthyroidism is an overproduction of thyroid hormones and causes disorders including Graves' disease and different types of goiter. Common thyroid disorders include Hashimoto's disease, an autoimmune attack on the thyroid; thyroid nodules, abnormal growths on the thyroid; and cretinism in children, causing dwarfism and mental retardation from untreated hypothyroidism in early life.
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Hypo thyroidism
Hypothyroidism, also known as cretinism and myxedema, is a condition where the thyroid gland does not produce enough hormones to meet the body's demands. The thyroid gland, located in the lower front of the neck, normally produces thyroid hormones which help control metabolism and organ functions. Hypothyroidism can be caused by autoimmune disease, radioactive iodine treatment, iodine deficiency, thyroid surgery or damage, or pituitary issues. Left untreated, it can lead to fatigue, weight gain, dry skin, constipation, cognitive changes, breathing problems, and even coma. Treatment involves lifelong thyroid hormone replacement therapy to manage symptoms and prevent complications.
Thyroid gland (applied physiology)
This document discusses the thyroid gland and thyroid disorders. It covers:
- Hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid) causes like Graves' disease, symptoms like weight loss and exophthalmos, and treatments like antithyroid drugs and surgery.
- Hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid) causes like Hashimoto's thyroiditis, symptoms like weight gain and myxedema in adults or cretinism in children, and treatment with thyroid hormone replacement.
- Goiter (enlarged thyroid) which can occur in both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, depending on if hormone levels are increased or decreased.
Thyroid gland disorders
This document discusses various thyroid disorders including goiter, cretinism, myxedema, Hashimoto's disease, Graves' disease, and thyroid nodules. It provides information on the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of each condition. Goiter is commonly caused by iodine deficiency and can lead to hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism. Cretinism causes physical and mental stunting and is treated with thyroid supplements. Myxedema is caused by diminished thyroid hormone production and causes edema of the skin. Hashimoto's disease is an autoimmune condition where the thyroid is gradually destroyed, while Graves' disease leads to thyroid overactivity from abnormal antibodies. Thyroid nodules can
Ana ppt
The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped organ located in the neck that produces thyroid hormones which regulate metabolism. It begins developing early in gestation and starts producing clinically significant levels of thyroid hormones between 18-20 weeks of gestation. The thyroid secretes thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), the active form, which regulate metabolic rate. Disorders can result from too much or too little thyroid hormone production and include Graves' disease, goiter, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, and cancer.
Thyroid
NORMAL THYROID FUNCTION
CAN CHANGE:
SEE HOW THIS HAPPENS AND HOW TO PROTECT YOUR GLAND
PRESENTED BY: MARIA SCUNZIANO-SINGH, MD
March 31, 2016
Thyroid gland
The document discusses the thyroid gland and hypothyroidism. It notes that the thyroid gland produces two important hormones, T4 and T3, and is located in the neck. Hypothyroidism is a common condition where the thyroid gland does not produce enough hormones. It has various causes including autoimmune disease and can cause symptoms like tiredness, dry skin, constipation, and weight gain. Long-term treatment involves daily levothyroxine replacement therapy.
Hypothyroidism
Hashimoto's thyroiditis is an autoimmune disease that results in the destruction of the thyroid gland and gradual hypothyroidism. It is the most common cause of hypothyroidism in iodine-sufficient areas and typically affects those aged 45-65, predominately women. The thyroid gland may be destroyed through CD8+ cytotoxic T cell killing or cytokine-mediated cell death. Congenital hypothyroidism can be caused by an ectopic thyroid gland, defects in thyroid hormone synthesis (dyshormonogenesis), or mutations in the TSH receptor. Hypothyroidism causes dry, thickened skin and obesity due to a lowered metabolic rate and basal metabolic rate.
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Hypo thyroidism
Hypothyroidism, also known as cretinism and myxedema, is a condition where the thyroid gland does not produce enough hormones to meet the body's demands. The thyroid gland, located in the lower front of the neck, normally produces thyroid hormones which help control metabolism and organ functions. Hypothyroidism can be caused by autoimmune disease, radioactive iodine treatment, iodine deficiency, thyroid surgery or damage, or pituitary issues. Left untreated, it can lead to fatigue, weight gain, dry skin, constipation, cognitive changes, breathing problems, and even coma. Treatment involves lifelong thyroid hormone replacement therapy to manage symptoms and prevent complications.
Thyroid gland (applied physiology)
This document discusses the thyroid gland and thyroid disorders. It covers:
- Hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid) causes like Graves' disease, symptoms like weight loss and exophthalmos, and treatments like antithyroid drugs and surgery.
- Hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid) causes like Hashimoto's thyroiditis, symptoms like weight gain and myxedema in adults or cretinism in children, and treatment with thyroid hormone replacement.
- Goiter (enlarged thyroid) which can occur in both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, depending on if hormone levels are increased or decreased.
Thyroid gland disorders
This document discusses various thyroid disorders including goiter, cretinism, myxedema, Hashimoto's disease, Graves' disease, and thyroid nodules. It provides information on the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of each condition. Goiter is commonly caused by iodine deficiency and can lead to hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism. Cretinism causes physical and mental stunting and is treated with thyroid supplements. Myxedema is caused by diminished thyroid hormone production and causes edema of the skin. Hashimoto's disease is an autoimmune condition where the thyroid is gradually destroyed, while Graves' disease leads to thyroid overactivity from abnormal antibodies. Thyroid nodules can
Ana ppt
The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped organ located in the neck that produces thyroid hormones which regulate metabolism. It begins developing early in gestation and starts producing clinically significant levels of thyroid hormones between 18-20 weeks of gestation. The thyroid secretes thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), the active form, which regulate metabolic rate. Disorders can result from too much or too little thyroid hormone production and include Graves' disease, goiter, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, and cancer.
Thyroid
NORMAL THYROID FUNCTION
CAN CHANGE:
SEE HOW THIS HAPPENS AND HOW TO PROTECT YOUR GLAND
PRESENTED BY: MARIA SCUNZIANO-SINGH, MD
March 31, 2016
Thyroid gland
The document discusses the thyroid gland and hypothyroidism. It notes that the thyroid gland produces two important hormones, T4 and T3, and is located in the neck. Hypothyroidism is a common condition where the thyroid gland does not produce enough hormones. It has various causes including autoimmune disease and can cause symptoms like tiredness, dry skin, constipation, and weight gain. Long-term treatment involves daily levothyroxine replacement therapy.
Hypothyroidism
Hashimoto's thyroiditis is an autoimmune disease that results in the destruction of the thyroid gland and gradual hypothyroidism. It is the most common cause of hypothyroidism in iodine-sufficient areas and typically affects those aged 45-65, predominately women. The thyroid gland may be destroyed through CD8+ cytotoxic T cell killing or cytokine-mediated cell death. Congenital hypothyroidism can be caused by an ectopic thyroid gland, defects in thyroid hormone synthesis (dyshormonogenesis), or mutations in the TSH receptor. Hypothyroidism causes dry, thickened skin and obesity due to a lowered metabolic rate and basal metabolic rate.
Chapter 11 Presentation
The thyroid is a gland in the neck that secretes hormones to regulate metabolism. There are several diseases that can affect the thyroid, including hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid), hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid), goiter (enlarged thyroid), nodules (lumps in the thyroid), and thyroid cancer. Autoimmune diseases like Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis, where the immune system attacks the thyroid, are common causes of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism respectively. While rare, thyroid cancer can develop from nodules and treatment may involve surgery.
Hypothyroidism.ppt
Hypothyroidism is a decreased secretion of thyroid hormones. It occurs as cretinism in infants and myxedema in adults. Cretinism causes unproportional growth, mental retardation, enlarged tongue, and lack of sexual development. Myxedema causes edema, swelling of the face, fatigue, weight gain, and constipation. Both can be caused by iodine deficiency or genetic disorders. Goiter is an enlarged thyroid gland and can occur in hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism. Hypothyroid goiter is caused by iodine deficiency or thyroiditis and leads to increased TSH and gland growth.
diseases of thyroid hormone.pptx
This document summarizes diseases of the thyroid gland, including hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. It discusses the causes, symptoms, diagnostic tests, and treatments for each condition. Graves' disease is described as the most common cause of hyperthyroidism, resulting from antibodies that continuously stimulate the thyroid. Hypothyroidism can be caused by Hashimoto's thyroiditis or iodine deficiency and results in decreased metabolic rate. Long term thyroid hormone replacement therapy is used to treat hypothyroidism. Cretinism is also discussed as severe hypothyroidism during development that causes physical and mental growth retardation.
thyroid disorders and treatment
The document summarizes thyroid disorders, including the regulation and synthesis of thyroid hormones, common disorders like hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, and thyroid tumors. The thyroid gland secretes T3, T4, and calcitonin hormones which increase metabolism. Hyperthyroidism is caused by Graves' disease, nodular disease, thyroiditis or drugs and results in high T3 and T4 levels. Hypothyroidism has low hormone levels and is treated with levothyroxine. Goiter is thyroid enlargement and tumors can be benign or malignant.
Hypothyroidism
Vitrag24
www.medicalgeek.com
For PPT, visit below link
http://www.medicalgeek.com/lecture-notes/29365-hypothyroidism-presentation.html#post80980
Thyroid gland
This presentation about thyroid gland :
- Anatomy of thyroid gland
- Physiology of thyroid gland
- Pathology of thyroid gland
- Treatment and prevention of thyroid disease
Thyroid
The document provides an overview of the thyroid gland including its embryology, histology, physiology, hormone synthesis, functions, and common disorders. It discusses that the thyroid originates from the pharynx and contains follicles composed of epithelial cells and colloid. The thyroid's primary function is to produce the hormones T3, T4, and calcitonin. Common disorders mentioned include hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, thyroiditis (such as Hashimoto's), goiter, and tumors. Graves' disease is highlighted as a cause of diffuse toxic goiter characterized by the triad of hyperthyroidism, diffuse thyroid enlargement, and ophthalmopathy.
Thyroid disorders
Based on the lab results provided:
- T3/T4 are high
- TSH is low
This pattern is seen in primary hyperthyroidism.
The diagnosis would be A) Primary hyperthyroidism.
Disorders of the thyroid gland
Know about some common (and some uncommon) disorders of the thyroid gland , their pathophysiology and symptoms. Some illustrations are also included.
Basic study material for thyroid gland .pptx
Thyroid gland
Functions of Thyroid gland
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Thyroid disorders treatment
Hypothyroidism_508 (1).pdf
Hypothyroidism is a disorder where the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone. It can be caused by Hashimoto's disease, thyroiditis, surgery or radiation treatment of the thyroid gland, certain medications, or issues with the pituitary gland. Symptoms include fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, constipation, and depression. Hypothyroidism is diagnosed with blood tests measuring thyroid stimulating hormone and thyroid hormone levels. It is treated by taking a synthetic thyroid hormone medication daily to replace what the body is not producing.
Thyrotoxicosis
This document provides an overview of thyrotoxicosis, including its epidemiology, pathophysiology, causes, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and management. Some key points:
- Thyrotoxicosis is defined as thyroid hormone excess and can be caused by hyperthyroidism, thyroiditis, or excess hormone ingestion. The major causes of hyperthyroidism are Graves' disease, toxic multinodular goiter, and toxic adenomas.
- Clinical manifestations depend on severity and duration of thyrotoxicosis, and include symptoms like palpitations, sweating, weight loss as well as signs like goiter, tremor, eye changes. Diagnosis involves testing thyroid function through TSH,
Disorder of tyroid gland
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its all about thyroid gland,functions of thyroid gland,disorders of thyroid gland,signs and symptoms and medications.hope it will be useful for you.thank you,
Thyroid disorder's
Thyroid disorders can cause the thyroid gland to function abnormally. The document discusses several thyroid disorders including hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid), hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid), Graves' disease, goiter and thyroiditis (inflammation of the thyroid). It provides details on the causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of these conditions. Thyroid function tests are used to evaluate thyroid function and monitor treatment for thyroid disorders.
Thyroid disorders in children
This document discusses thyroid disorders in children from birth to adolescence. It begins with an introduction on the anatomy and physiology of the thyroid gland and thyroid hormone biosynthesis. It then covers congenital hypothyroidism including screening, causes, clinical presentations, investigations and treatment. Transient congenital hypothyroidism and acquired hypothyroidism are also discussed. The document concludes with sections on thyrotoxicosis including investigations and treatment of thyrotoxicosis in children.
Hashimoto's thyroiditis by aslammatania
Hashimoto's thyroiditis is an autoimmune disease where the thyroid gland is attacked by the immune system, causing hypothyroidism. It is the most common cause of hypothyroidism in North America. The thyroid becomes enlarged and firm. Microscopic examination shows lymphocytic infiltration and follicular cell destruction. Symptoms include fatigue, weight gain, and dry skin. Treatment involves lifelong synthetic thyroid hormone replacement to maintain normal hormone levels.
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The document discusses disorders of the thyroid gland, including hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. It begins by reviewing the anatomy and physiology of the thyroid gland and hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid feedback system. Hypothyroidism can be congenital or acquired, and if during childhood causes cretinism. Acquired hypothyroidism in adults is called myxedema. Hyperthyroidism results from increased thyroid hormone secretion and can be caused by Graves' disease. Thyroid storm is a life-threatening exacerbation of hyperthyroidism.
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[1] Hyperthyroidism is an excess of thyroid hormones in the body which can be caused by overactive thyroid gland, medication side effects, or tumors. It causes increased metabolism, rapid heart rate, weight loss, and irregular periods. [2] Hypothyroidism is a lack of thyroid hormones which can be caused by thyroid removal, radiation treatment, or infection. It causes decreased metabolism, fatigue, dry skin, hair loss, and increased cholesterol levels. [3] Clinical signs of hyperthyroidism include anxiety, sweating, rapid pulse, protruding eyes, and tremors while hypothyroidism signs are fatigue,
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Chapter 11 Presentation
The thyroid is a gland in the neck that secretes hormones to regulate metabolism. There are several diseases that can affect the thyroid, including hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid), hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid), goiter (enlarged thyroid), nodules (lumps in the thyroid), and thyroid cancer. Autoimmune diseases like Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis, where the immune system attacks the thyroid, are common causes of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism respectively. While rare, thyroid cancer can develop from nodules and treatment may involve surgery.
Hypothyroidism.ppt
Hypothyroidism is a decreased secretion of thyroid hormones. It occurs as cretinism in infants and myxedema in adults. Cretinism causes unproportional growth, mental retardation, enlarged tongue, and lack of sexual development. Myxedema causes edema, swelling of the face, fatigue, weight gain, and constipation. Both can be caused by iodine deficiency or genetic disorders. Goiter is an enlarged thyroid gland and can occur in hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism. Hypothyroid goiter is caused by iodine deficiency or thyroiditis and leads to increased TSH and gland growth.
diseases of thyroid hormone.pptx
This document summarizes diseases of the thyroid gland, including hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. It discusses the causes, symptoms, diagnostic tests, and treatments for each condition. Graves' disease is described as the most common cause of hyperthyroidism, resulting from antibodies that continuously stimulate the thyroid. Hypothyroidism can be caused by Hashimoto's thyroiditis or iodine deficiency and results in decreased metabolic rate. Long term thyroid hormone replacement therapy is used to treat hypothyroidism. Cretinism is also discussed as severe hypothyroidism during development that causes physical and mental growth retardation.
thyroid disorders and treatment
The document summarizes thyroid disorders, including the regulation and synthesis of thyroid hormones, common disorders like hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, and thyroid tumors. The thyroid gland secretes T3, T4, and calcitonin hormones which increase metabolism. Hyperthyroidism is caused by Graves' disease, nodular disease, thyroiditis or drugs and results in high T3 and T4 levels. Hypothyroidism has low hormone levels and is treated with levothyroxine. Goiter is thyroid enlargement and tumors can be benign or malignant.
Hypothyroidism
Vitrag24
www.medicalgeek.com
For PPT, visit below link
http://www.medicalgeek.com/lecture-notes/29365-hypothyroidism-presentation.html#post80980
Thyroid gland
This presentation about thyroid gland :
- Anatomy of thyroid gland
- Physiology of thyroid gland
- Pathology of thyroid gland
- Treatment and prevention of thyroid disease
Thyroid
The document provides an overview of the thyroid gland including its embryology, histology, physiology, hormone synthesis, functions, and common disorders. It discusses that the thyroid originates from the pharynx and contains follicles composed of epithelial cells and colloid. The thyroid's primary function is to produce the hormones T3, T4, and calcitonin. Common disorders mentioned include hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, thyroiditis (such as Hashimoto's), goiter, and tumors. Graves' disease is highlighted as a cause of diffuse toxic goiter characterized by the triad of hyperthyroidism, diffuse thyroid enlargement, and ophthalmopathy.
Thyroid disorders
Based on the lab results provided:
- T3/T4 are high
- TSH is low
This pattern is seen in primary hyperthyroidism.
The diagnosis would be A) Primary hyperthyroidism.
Disorders of the thyroid gland
Know about some common (and some uncommon) disorders of the thyroid gland , their pathophysiology and symptoms. Some illustrations are also included.
Basic study material for thyroid gland .pptx
Thyroid gland
Functions of Thyroid gland
Thyroid hormone secretion
Thyroid disorders
Thyroid disorders treatment
Hypothyroidism_508 (1).pdf
Hypothyroidism is a disorder where the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone. It can be caused by Hashimoto's disease, thyroiditis, surgery or radiation treatment of the thyroid gland, certain medications, or issues with the pituitary gland. Symptoms include fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, constipation, and depression. Hypothyroidism is diagnosed with blood tests measuring thyroid stimulating hormone and thyroid hormone levels. It is treated by taking a synthetic thyroid hormone medication daily to replace what the body is not producing.
Thyrotoxicosis
This document provides an overview of thyrotoxicosis, including its epidemiology, pathophysiology, causes, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and management. Some key points:
- Thyrotoxicosis is defined as thyroid hormone excess and can be caused by hyperthyroidism, thyroiditis, or excess hormone ingestion. The major causes of hyperthyroidism are Graves' disease, toxic multinodular goiter, and toxic adenomas.
- Clinical manifestations depend on severity and duration of thyrotoxicosis, and include symptoms like palpitations, sweating, weight loss as well as signs like goiter, tremor, eye changes. Diagnosis involves testing thyroid function through TSH,
Disorder of tyroid gland
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Thyroid ppt
its all about thyroid gland,functions of thyroid gland,disorders of thyroid gland,signs and symptoms and medications.hope it will be useful for you.thank you,
Thyroid disorder's
Thyroid disorders can cause the thyroid gland to function abnormally. The document discusses several thyroid disorders including hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid), hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid), Graves' disease, goiter and thyroiditis (inflammation of the thyroid). It provides details on the causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of these conditions. Thyroid function tests are used to evaluate thyroid function and monitor treatment for thyroid disorders.
Thyroid disorders in children
This document discusses thyroid disorders in children from birth to adolescence. It begins with an introduction on the anatomy and physiology of the thyroid gland and thyroid hormone biosynthesis. It then covers congenital hypothyroidism including screening, causes, clinical presentations, investigations and treatment. Transient congenital hypothyroidism and acquired hypothyroidism are also discussed. The document concludes with sections on thyrotoxicosis including investigations and treatment of thyrotoxicosis in children.
Hashimoto's thyroiditis by aslammatania
Hashimoto's thyroiditis is an autoimmune disease where the thyroid gland is attacked by the immune system, causing hypothyroidism. It is the most common cause of hypothyroidism in North America. The thyroid becomes enlarged and firm. Microscopic examination shows lymphocytic infiltration and follicular cell destruction. Symptoms include fatigue, weight gain, and dry skin. Treatment involves lifelong synthetic thyroid hormone replacement to maintain normal hormone levels.
Thyroid by-any-lab-test-waco
The thyroid gland is responsible for regulating how your body uses energy.The thyroid also produces hormones critical to proper cell and system functioning. The Thyroid Panel screens for thyroid disease, hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism by examining your body’s production of the thyroid hormones TSH, T3 and T4.
Disorders of thyroid gland
The document discusses disorders of the thyroid gland, including hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. It begins by reviewing the anatomy and physiology of the thyroid gland and hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid feedback system. Hypothyroidism can be congenital or acquired, and if during childhood causes cretinism. Acquired hypothyroidism in adults is called myxedema. Hyperthyroidism results from increased thyroid hormone secretion and can be caused by Graves' disease. Thyroid storm is a life-threatening exacerbation of hyperthyroidism.
Chapter ii asmi
This document discusses hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism.
[1] Hyperthyroidism is an excess of thyroid hormones in the body which can be caused by overactive thyroid gland, medication side effects, or tumors. It causes increased metabolism, rapid heart rate, weight loss, and irregular periods. [2] Hypothyroidism is a lack of thyroid hormones which can be caused by thyroid removal, radiation treatment, or infection. It causes decreased metabolism, fatigue, dry skin, hair loss, and increased cholesterol levels. [3] Clinical signs of hyperthyroidism include anxiety, sweating, rapid pulse, protruding eyes, and tremors while hypothyroidism signs are fatigue,
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Ajal
- 2. THYROID GLAND BILOBED LYING ON VENTRAL SIDE OF TRACHEA JUST BELOW THE LARYNX SECRETE 3 HORMONES 1. TRIIODOTHYRONINE 2. THYROCALCITONINE 3. THYROXINE
- 3. HYPOTHYROIDISM Defficiency of thyroid hormones It causes many disorders 1. Hashimoto’s disease 2. Thyroid nodules 3. Cretinism 4. Myxoedema 5. hypomenorrhoea
- 4. Hashimoto’s disease Common name CHRONIC LYMPHATIC THYROIDITIS Body’s immune system is mistakenly attack thyroid gland & slowly destroy it Also destroy the ability to produce hormones
- 5. Thyroid nodules Growth on or in thyroid gland Include iodine defficiency & hashimoto;s disease Some time cause cancer Common in women than men
- 6. Cretinism Endocrine disorder due to defective thyroid functioning & extreme hypothyroidism in the foetal life or early infancy Common in children 2 out standing features Dwarfinism Failure of skeleton to grow & mature Mental retardation Due to failure of brain to develop fully &properly
- 8. Myxoedma • Common name GULL’S DISEASE • Due to hypothyroidism & Under activity of Pitutary & also cause by Hashimoto’s disease & surgical removel of thyroid
- 9. Hypomenorrhoea Also called AMMENORRHOEA Found in womens Total absence of menstration
- 10. HYPER THYROIDISM Over production of thyroid hormones Causes many disorders Graves disease Goitre • Simple Goitre • Exopthalmic Goitre • Nodular Goitre • Lymphadenoid Goitre • Toxic Goitre
- 11. Graves disease/Basidow’s disease Common name Exoptalmic goitre Auto immune disorder Heridity disease Found in both men & womens Other factors stress,pregnancy,smocking
- 13. Goitre Partial or total enlargement of thyroid glands It is 5 types
- 14. 1. Simple Goitre Enlargement of thyroid with normal production of hormones Caused by deficiency of iodine
- 15. 2 Nodular Goitre Permanent thyroid enlargement due to alternating episodes of hyper plasia & involution in the thyroid Rarely it may lead to maligancy
- 16. 3 Lymphdeniod Goitre Due to production of antibodies against antigen in the thyroid
- 17. 4 Toxic Goitre Nodular out growth of the thyroid 5 Exopthalmic Goitre