This document discusses airport planning and design. It provides information on various aspects of airport layout including typical layout configurations, key considerations for layout design such as independent taxiing operations and minimizing taxi distances, and characteristics of good airport layouts. It also discusses runway design standards per the ICAO, including runway dimensions and corrections required for factors like elevation, temperature, and slope gradient. Examples are provided on calculating corrected runway length based on standard formulas.
1. The document discusses airport layout and design considerations such as runway orientation based on prevailing wind direction, wind rose diagrams, runway length calculations, taxiway design standards, and exit taxiway design.
2. Key factors in runway orientation are headwind, tailwind, and crosswind components. Wind rose diagrams show wind speed and direction distribution.
3. Runway length is calculated based on aircraft needs and environmental factors like elevation, temperature, and gradient. Corrections are made to the basic runway length.
An airport is a facility with runways and buildings where aircraft take off and land, connecting air transportation to ground transportation. Key components of an airport include runways for takeoffs and landings, hangars for storing and maintaining aircraft, and terminal buildings. Careful consideration must go into selecting an airport site, including factors like land availability, weather conditions, and accessibility. Runway orientation is also important, with runways often aligned with prevailing winds for safety during takeoffs and landings.
This document proposes and analyzes the concept of a circular runway for airport operations. Some key points:
- A circular runway could allow aircraft to take off and land in any wind direction and optimize air and ground trajectories. However, it would have a very high construction cost and safety issues in gusty winds.
- For a circular runway to work, it would need a minimum inner radius of 1500 meters for sufficient operations. The total runway length would be around 10,000 meters.
- International standards for runway design, such as width, bank angle, elevation, and sight distance, would need to be considered. Calculations show the circular runway concept could meet these standards.
- A circular runway may
This document discusses runway orientation and design considerations. It states that runways are oriented in the direction of prevailing winds to maximize lift during takeoff and landing. Key factors in determining runway orientation include wind data, maps, fog characteristics, and wind coverage. Runway length and width specifications are provided by airport type, along with safety area dimensions. Guidelines are also given for runway gradients, sight distances, and taxiway design.
Introduction to Airport Engineering Air craft characteristics affecting airport planning &
design, selection of site for an airport. Airports - layout and orientation, Runway and taxiway design
consideration and geometric design. Airport drainage management, Zoning laws, Visual aids and air
traffic control, Runway lighting, Runway operation Helipads, hangers, service equipment.
This document provides information on air transport and airport layout. It defines key terms like aircraft, aerodrome, airport, airfield, runway, and taxiway. It describes the components of an airport layout including the runway, terminal building, aircraft apron, taxiway, aircraft stand, hangar, control tower, and parking areas. It also covers aircraft characteristics that influence airport design like aircraft type, size, turning radius, circling radius, speed, capacity, weight, wheel configuration, jet blast, and fuel spillage. Additionally, it classifies airports based on factors like take-off and landing capabilities, ICAO geometric design codes, FAA approach speed codes, function, and pavement strength. The document discusses
Railways Harbors Tunneling and Airports Module 4 complete presentation as per VTU Syllabus
Air transport has the following characteristics:
1. Unbroken Journey: Air transport provides unbroken journey over land and sea. It is the fastest and quickest means of transport.
2. Rapidity: Air transport had the highest speed among all the modes of transport
3. Expensive: Air transport is the most expensive means of transport. There is huge investment in purchasing aero planes and constructing of aerodromes.
4. Special Preparations: Air transport requires special preparations like wheelers links, meteorological stations, flood lights, searchlights etc.
1. The document discusses airport layout and design considerations such as runway orientation based on prevailing wind direction, wind rose diagrams, runway length calculations, taxiway design standards, and exit taxiway design.
2. Key factors in runway orientation are headwind, tailwind, and crosswind components. Wind rose diagrams show wind speed and direction distribution.
3. Runway length is calculated based on aircraft needs and environmental factors like elevation, temperature, and gradient. Corrections are made to the basic runway length.
An airport is a facility with runways and buildings where aircraft take off and land, connecting air transportation to ground transportation. Key components of an airport include runways for takeoffs and landings, hangars for storing and maintaining aircraft, and terminal buildings. Careful consideration must go into selecting an airport site, including factors like land availability, weather conditions, and accessibility. Runway orientation is also important, with runways often aligned with prevailing winds for safety during takeoffs and landings.
This document proposes and analyzes the concept of a circular runway for airport operations. Some key points:
- A circular runway could allow aircraft to take off and land in any wind direction and optimize air and ground trajectories. However, it would have a very high construction cost and safety issues in gusty winds.
- For a circular runway to work, it would need a minimum inner radius of 1500 meters for sufficient operations. The total runway length would be around 10,000 meters.
- International standards for runway design, such as width, bank angle, elevation, and sight distance, would need to be considered. Calculations show the circular runway concept could meet these standards.
- A circular runway may
This document discusses runway orientation and design considerations. It states that runways are oriented in the direction of prevailing winds to maximize lift during takeoff and landing. Key factors in determining runway orientation include wind data, maps, fog characteristics, and wind coverage. Runway length and width specifications are provided by airport type, along with safety area dimensions. Guidelines are also given for runway gradients, sight distances, and taxiway design.
Introduction to Airport Engineering Air craft characteristics affecting airport planning &
design, selection of site for an airport. Airports - layout and orientation, Runway and taxiway design
consideration and geometric design. Airport drainage management, Zoning laws, Visual aids and air
traffic control, Runway lighting, Runway operation Helipads, hangers, service equipment.
This document provides information on air transport and airport layout. It defines key terms like aircraft, aerodrome, airport, airfield, runway, and taxiway. It describes the components of an airport layout including the runway, terminal building, aircraft apron, taxiway, aircraft stand, hangar, control tower, and parking areas. It also covers aircraft characteristics that influence airport design like aircraft type, size, turning radius, circling radius, speed, capacity, weight, wheel configuration, jet blast, and fuel spillage. Additionally, it classifies airports based on factors like take-off and landing capabilities, ICAO geometric design codes, FAA approach speed codes, function, and pavement strength. The document discusses
Railways Harbors Tunneling and Airports Module 4 complete presentation as per VTU Syllabus
Air transport has the following characteristics:
1. Unbroken Journey: Air transport provides unbroken journey over land and sea. It is the fastest and quickest means of transport.
2. Rapidity: Air transport had the highest speed among all the modes of transport
3. Expensive: Air transport is the most expensive means of transport. There is huge investment in purchasing aero planes and constructing of aerodromes.
4. Special Preparations: Air transport requires special preparations like wheelers links, meteorological stations, flood lights, searchlights etc.
The document discusses runway and taxiway design standards. It covers topics like basic runway length determination, corrections for elevation, temperature, and gradients. It provides geometric design standards for runway length, width, safety areas, gradients, and sight distances. For taxiways, it discusses design considerations like length, width, safety areas, gradients, sight distances, and turning radii. It also covers visual aids like airport markings and lighting for runways, taxiways, and other areas to assist pilots.
This document provides information on geometric design considerations for airport runways, taxiways, and terminals. It discusses factors that influence runway orientation such as wind conditions and aircraft performance. It also describes guidelines for determining basic runway length based on elevation, temperature, and aircraft characteristics. Additional topics covered include runway configuration, geometry standards for length, width, gradients and sight distances, taxiway design standards, and concepts for terminal area layout and space requirements.
10-Runway Design ( Highway and Airport Engineering Dr. Sherif El-Badawy )Hossam Shafiq I
The document discusses various aspects of runway design including:
1. The components that make up a runway system such as the structural pavement, shoulders, blast pad, runway safety area, object free zone, and obstacle free zone.
2. Factors considered for runway length such as elevation, temperature, and gradient that require corrections to the basic runway length.
3. Examples are provided to demonstrate how to calculate the corrected runway length based on elevation, temperature, and gradient at the airport site.
Railways Harbors Tunneling and Airports Module 1 complete presentation as per VTU Syllabus
Importance of Orientation :
The correct runway orientation maximizes the possible use of the runway throughout the year accounting for a wide variety of wind conditions.
FAA and ICAO regulations establish rules about runway orientation and their expected coverage Runway Location Considerations.
FAA mandates identification standards for airport layout that is meant to assist pilots in easily recognizing runways.
Runway is usually oriented in the direction of prevailing winds.
The head wind i.e. the wind direction of wind opposite to the direction of landing and taking-off provides greater lift on the wings of the aircraft when it is taking-off.
As such the aircraft rises above the ground much earlier and in a shorter length of runway.
This document provides an overview of airport engineering and related topics covered in Lecture 2, including:
1) Key international organizations that regulate air transport such as ICAO and their roles in standardizing protocols and facilitating international civil aviation.
2) Factors involved in airport site selection such as proximity, accessibility, wind conditions, and environmental considerations.
3) Methods of classifying airports based on runway length and geometric design standards.
4) The importance of properly orienting runways based on prevailing wind patterns to maximize usability, safety, and efficiency as represented by wind rose diagrams.
IRJET- Design of Runway for Navi-Mumbai International AirportIRJET Journal
This document summarizes the design of a runway for the proposed Navi-Mumbai International Airport in India. It describes calculating the required runway length based on specifications of the Boeing 747-800 aircraft, which the runway needs to accommodate. The orientation of the runway is determined based on wind data from the Indian Meteorological Department. The basic runway length is calculated considering factors like take-off speed, decision speed, and landing length. Corrections are then applied to the basic length to determine the actual runway length, accounting for the airport's elevation and temperature. The proposed runway length that meets requirements is 3,406 meters.
The document discusses factors that determine runway length including basic runway length, corrections for elevation, temperature, gradient, and crosswind. It also covers runway orientation, which is usually in the direction of prevailing winds. Wind rose diagrams are used to determine the best orientation based on wind direction, duration, and intensity data over several years. The orientation that provides maximum wind coverage within allowable crosswind limits is selected.
Discussion 41- AL JOHARA In 1994 the European Channel Tun.docxAASTHA76
Discussion 4
1- AL JOHARA
In 1994 the European Channel Tunnel was opened, and it linked the European continent and Britain. It is a 31-mile tunnel carrying freight trains and Eurostar trains between Paris and London and is today considered the fast and modern transport institution. Although the tunnel traces its background to the 19th century, it is considered an achievement of the 20th century (Syon, 2008).
Though the project has been credited to be a success, the size of the channel had intrinsic uncertainties and risks. Tunneling projects are naturally high risk and often end up in high overrun on budget and completion dates due to the underground setting that were not anticipated during the contract (Syon, 2008). The risks present in the Chunnel project were design and construction challenges brought about by the changing geological situations, the third-party issues, the safety of the workers, infrastructure/property damage and environmental risk (Berend, 2016). In Britain there was no space for disposing of spoil and emission of waste became a significant challenge. Though there was a mitigation of disposing spoil in the Coast, some critiques were of the view that it would destroy the environment. The risk of the tunnel collapsing due to earthquakes was a concern to many individuals; however, the tunnels had a design which ensured they were resistant and caution was taken to reduce possibility of damage to equipment installed in them and to make sure entrances couldn’t be blocked by local collapses and landslips (Pireddu, 2017).
Technological risks were experienced in the construction of the tunnel. These include the political and economical viability of the machinery that were required to ensure the project goals were achieved. In the Chunnel tunnel, this risk was mainly assumed by the contractor, Eurotunnel. All the technological risks involved were mitigated by the comprehensive geological research of the strata of where the tunnel was to be constructed (Berend, 2016). Earlier concerns demanded the state of the art equipment which were costly and afterward found unnecessary. The political risks were mitigated by assigning the task to a private investor after the conservative and left-wing reign in Britain (Pireddu, 2017).
The project further experienced credit risk. The risk calculated on the basis of the investor’s creditworthiness. Unlike other mega-projects which are normally funded by the government, the Channel tunnel was private-funded and therefore presented a high risk to the contractors and investors. Most private investors were giving a small fraction of the total approximation cost. The administration for example under credit limitation had to suggest lump-sum contracts, which were impractical for such projects. Litigation and claims at the end of the project were experienced (Berend, 2016).
2- Fahad ALMahmoud
One of the risks that the English tunnel faced is aerodynamic of the tunnel, the designers have found .
This document discusses important considerations for airport planning and design, including aircraft characteristics and airport site selection. Key aircraft characteristics that impact planning are type of propulsion, size, minimum turning and circling radii, speed, weight, and noise levels. Important factors for selecting an airport site include regional plans, ground accessibility, topography free of obstructions, suitable wind conditions, and future development needs. Economic considerations and the availability of utilities from nearby towns are also important factors.
This document is a project report submitted by S Niranjan Varma for a Bachelor of Technology degree in Civil Engineering. It discusses airport planning and design. The report includes an introduction to airport surveys conducted for planning, such as topographical, drainage, soil and meteorological surveys. It also covers runway orientation factors like wind conditions. The project involves designing the airside area including the runway, taxiway and apron. It includes designing the terminal building using software and calculating loads and structural elements. The landside area plan and calculations are also presented. The conclusion summarizes the project and references are provided.
This document provides an overview of the types of surveys conducted for airport planning and design. Key surveys discussed include topographical surveys to determine site elevations, soil surveys to evaluate subsurface conditions, drainage surveys to assess stormwater management needs, and meteorological surveys to understand prevailing wind patterns. The results of these surveys inform critical aspects of airport design like runway orientation, pavement design, and drainage infrastructure.
This document describes a drone training program that provides 340 hours of coursework divided into categories like e-learning, assignments, simulators, and reading. It lists 12 modules that make up the full course, including topics like aviation basics, sensors, airspace integration, maintenance, and regulations. Case studies and descriptions of simulator and practical training are also included. The document then shifts to discussing various commercial applications of drones, providing examples of their use in agriculture, infrastructure inspection, accident reconstruction, and crowd monitoring.
Design and analysis of wing for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle using CFDPranit Dhole
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) is an important technology for military and security application. Various missions can be done using UAV such as surveillance in unknown areas, forestry conservation, and spying enemy territory. Selection of components such as aerofoil plays huge roll in performers of UAV in terms of lift, drag, load carrying capacity, range etc.
This project presents an approach for designing of wing by selecting proper aerofoil and CFD analysis for verifying aerodynamics characteristics.
Planning OF AIRPORT REQUIREMENTS OF AIR PORT TERMINAL AREA RUNWAY LENGTH RAMPRASAD KUMAWAT
The document discusses the planning requirements for airports, including runway length. It notes that runway length requirements vary depending on aircraft size, with larger aircraft and international flights typically requiring longer runways of 10,000 feet or more. The document also discusses other airport planning considerations like terminal area size and configuration, and factors involved in airline route planning.
AIRPORT PAVEMENT - CONSTRUCTION & REPAIR.pptxAnujyadav514462
This document discusses the geometric design of airport runways including length, gradient, safety areas, and width. It also covers taxiway design and functions. Finally, it summarizes pavement design for both flexible and rigid surfaces and considerations for airport maintenance to repair cracks, deterioration, and other distresses in runways and taxiways.
The document outlines the details of a student project to design and build a hovercraft. It includes:
- A list of project members and advisor.
- An overview of the contents and sections to be covered in the document, including introduction, history, design process, and conclusions.
- Descriptions of the working principles, basic parts, design considerations and calculations, structural details, and applications of hovercraft.
This document provides an overview of airports, including their key components and planning processes. It describes the main types of airports as military, civilian, domestic, and international. The main differences between domestic and international airports are described as well. Key airport components discussed include runways, control towers, helipads, hangars, and terminal buildings. The document also covers runway markings, length calculations, corrections for elevation and temperature, lighting, aprons, and the organizations involved in airport planning.
This document discusses various aspects of airport engineering and design. It begins by outlining the history of air transport development in India. It then defines key terms like airport, airfield, aerodrome and describes important airport components such as runways, terminals, taxiways, and control towers. The document also discusses factors that influence airport site selection and layout, including aircraft characteristics, wind patterns, and safety. It provides examples of different types of airports and concludes by covering topics like runway orientation, design, lighting and signage.
Sensor Integration and Data Fusion from a High Definition Helicopter Mapping ...MattBethel1
This document provides information about Merrick & Company, including its headquarters location, annual revenue, number of employees, market focus areas, and business units. It also lists the company's various office locations in North America. The remainder of the document outlines an agenda and then discusses the benefits of using a helicopter versus fixed-wing aircraft for high-definition mapping, including greater flight efficiencies, ability to collect higher point densities and smaller features in a single pass, and overall time and cost savings. It also describes the sensor payload used in Merrick's helicopter mapping system, including a LiDAR system, various cameras, and other sensors.
The document provides information on the components and problems of airports and airways in Pakistan. It discusses the basic definitions of airports, airfields, aerodromes and airways. It then describes the key components of an airport including runways, taxiways, airport terminal buildings, aircraft stands, control towers, hangars and parking areas. It also notes there are problems faced by the Civil Aviation Authority in Pakistan.
Design and optimization of ion propulsion dronebjmsejournal
Electric propulsion technology is widely used in many kinds of vehicles in recent years, and aircrafts are no exception. Technically, UAVs are electrically propelled but tend to produce a significant amount of noise and vibrations. Ion propulsion technology for drones is a potential solution to this problem. Ion propulsion technology is proven to be feasible in the earth’s atmosphere. The study presented in this article shows the design of EHD thrusters and power supply for ion propulsion drones along with performance optimization of high-voltage power supply for endurance in earth’s atmosphere.
VARIABLE FREQUENCY DRIVE. VFDs are widely used in industrial applications for...PIMR BHOPAL
Variable frequency drive .A Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) is an electronic device used to control the speed and torque of an electric motor by varying the frequency and voltage of its power supply. VFDs are widely used in industrial applications for motor control, providing significant energy savings and precise motor operation.
The document discusses runway and taxiway design standards. It covers topics like basic runway length determination, corrections for elevation, temperature, and gradients. It provides geometric design standards for runway length, width, safety areas, gradients, and sight distances. For taxiways, it discusses design considerations like length, width, safety areas, gradients, sight distances, and turning radii. It also covers visual aids like airport markings and lighting for runways, taxiways, and other areas to assist pilots.
This document provides information on geometric design considerations for airport runways, taxiways, and terminals. It discusses factors that influence runway orientation such as wind conditions and aircraft performance. It also describes guidelines for determining basic runway length based on elevation, temperature, and aircraft characteristics. Additional topics covered include runway configuration, geometry standards for length, width, gradients and sight distances, taxiway design standards, and concepts for terminal area layout and space requirements.
10-Runway Design ( Highway and Airport Engineering Dr. Sherif El-Badawy )Hossam Shafiq I
The document discusses various aspects of runway design including:
1. The components that make up a runway system such as the structural pavement, shoulders, blast pad, runway safety area, object free zone, and obstacle free zone.
2. Factors considered for runway length such as elevation, temperature, and gradient that require corrections to the basic runway length.
3. Examples are provided to demonstrate how to calculate the corrected runway length based on elevation, temperature, and gradient at the airport site.
Railways Harbors Tunneling and Airports Module 1 complete presentation as per VTU Syllabus
Importance of Orientation :
The correct runway orientation maximizes the possible use of the runway throughout the year accounting for a wide variety of wind conditions.
FAA and ICAO regulations establish rules about runway orientation and their expected coverage Runway Location Considerations.
FAA mandates identification standards for airport layout that is meant to assist pilots in easily recognizing runways.
Runway is usually oriented in the direction of prevailing winds.
The head wind i.e. the wind direction of wind opposite to the direction of landing and taking-off provides greater lift on the wings of the aircraft when it is taking-off.
As such the aircraft rises above the ground much earlier and in a shorter length of runway.
This document provides an overview of airport engineering and related topics covered in Lecture 2, including:
1) Key international organizations that regulate air transport such as ICAO and their roles in standardizing protocols and facilitating international civil aviation.
2) Factors involved in airport site selection such as proximity, accessibility, wind conditions, and environmental considerations.
3) Methods of classifying airports based on runway length and geometric design standards.
4) The importance of properly orienting runways based on prevailing wind patterns to maximize usability, safety, and efficiency as represented by wind rose diagrams.
IRJET- Design of Runway for Navi-Mumbai International AirportIRJET Journal
This document summarizes the design of a runway for the proposed Navi-Mumbai International Airport in India. It describes calculating the required runway length based on specifications of the Boeing 747-800 aircraft, which the runway needs to accommodate. The orientation of the runway is determined based on wind data from the Indian Meteorological Department. The basic runway length is calculated considering factors like take-off speed, decision speed, and landing length. Corrections are then applied to the basic length to determine the actual runway length, accounting for the airport's elevation and temperature. The proposed runway length that meets requirements is 3,406 meters.
The document discusses factors that determine runway length including basic runway length, corrections for elevation, temperature, gradient, and crosswind. It also covers runway orientation, which is usually in the direction of prevailing winds. Wind rose diagrams are used to determine the best orientation based on wind direction, duration, and intensity data over several years. The orientation that provides maximum wind coverage within allowable crosswind limits is selected.
Discussion 41- AL JOHARA In 1994 the European Channel Tun.docxAASTHA76
Discussion 4
1- AL JOHARA
In 1994 the European Channel Tunnel was opened, and it linked the European continent and Britain. It is a 31-mile tunnel carrying freight trains and Eurostar trains between Paris and London and is today considered the fast and modern transport institution. Although the tunnel traces its background to the 19th century, it is considered an achievement of the 20th century (Syon, 2008).
Though the project has been credited to be a success, the size of the channel had intrinsic uncertainties and risks. Tunneling projects are naturally high risk and often end up in high overrun on budget and completion dates due to the underground setting that were not anticipated during the contract (Syon, 2008). The risks present in the Chunnel project were design and construction challenges brought about by the changing geological situations, the third-party issues, the safety of the workers, infrastructure/property damage and environmental risk (Berend, 2016). In Britain there was no space for disposing of spoil and emission of waste became a significant challenge. Though there was a mitigation of disposing spoil in the Coast, some critiques were of the view that it would destroy the environment. The risk of the tunnel collapsing due to earthquakes was a concern to many individuals; however, the tunnels had a design which ensured they were resistant and caution was taken to reduce possibility of damage to equipment installed in them and to make sure entrances couldn’t be blocked by local collapses and landslips (Pireddu, 2017).
Technological risks were experienced in the construction of the tunnel. These include the political and economical viability of the machinery that were required to ensure the project goals were achieved. In the Chunnel tunnel, this risk was mainly assumed by the contractor, Eurotunnel. All the technological risks involved were mitigated by the comprehensive geological research of the strata of where the tunnel was to be constructed (Berend, 2016). Earlier concerns demanded the state of the art equipment which were costly and afterward found unnecessary. The political risks were mitigated by assigning the task to a private investor after the conservative and left-wing reign in Britain (Pireddu, 2017).
The project further experienced credit risk. The risk calculated on the basis of the investor’s creditworthiness. Unlike other mega-projects which are normally funded by the government, the Channel tunnel was private-funded and therefore presented a high risk to the contractors and investors. Most private investors were giving a small fraction of the total approximation cost. The administration for example under credit limitation had to suggest lump-sum contracts, which were impractical for such projects. Litigation and claims at the end of the project were experienced (Berend, 2016).
2- Fahad ALMahmoud
One of the risks that the English tunnel faced is aerodynamic of the tunnel, the designers have found .
This document discusses important considerations for airport planning and design, including aircraft characteristics and airport site selection. Key aircraft characteristics that impact planning are type of propulsion, size, minimum turning and circling radii, speed, weight, and noise levels. Important factors for selecting an airport site include regional plans, ground accessibility, topography free of obstructions, suitable wind conditions, and future development needs. Economic considerations and the availability of utilities from nearby towns are also important factors.
This document is a project report submitted by S Niranjan Varma for a Bachelor of Technology degree in Civil Engineering. It discusses airport planning and design. The report includes an introduction to airport surveys conducted for planning, such as topographical, drainage, soil and meteorological surveys. It also covers runway orientation factors like wind conditions. The project involves designing the airside area including the runway, taxiway and apron. It includes designing the terminal building using software and calculating loads and structural elements. The landside area plan and calculations are also presented. The conclusion summarizes the project and references are provided.
This document provides an overview of the types of surveys conducted for airport planning and design. Key surveys discussed include topographical surveys to determine site elevations, soil surveys to evaluate subsurface conditions, drainage surveys to assess stormwater management needs, and meteorological surveys to understand prevailing wind patterns. The results of these surveys inform critical aspects of airport design like runway orientation, pavement design, and drainage infrastructure.
This document describes a drone training program that provides 340 hours of coursework divided into categories like e-learning, assignments, simulators, and reading. It lists 12 modules that make up the full course, including topics like aviation basics, sensors, airspace integration, maintenance, and regulations. Case studies and descriptions of simulator and practical training are also included. The document then shifts to discussing various commercial applications of drones, providing examples of their use in agriculture, infrastructure inspection, accident reconstruction, and crowd monitoring.
Design and analysis of wing for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle using CFDPranit Dhole
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) is an important technology for military and security application. Various missions can be done using UAV such as surveillance in unknown areas, forestry conservation, and spying enemy territory. Selection of components such as aerofoil plays huge roll in performers of UAV in terms of lift, drag, load carrying capacity, range etc.
This project presents an approach for designing of wing by selecting proper aerofoil and CFD analysis for verifying aerodynamics characteristics.
Planning OF AIRPORT REQUIREMENTS OF AIR PORT TERMINAL AREA RUNWAY LENGTH RAMPRASAD KUMAWAT
The document discusses the planning requirements for airports, including runway length. It notes that runway length requirements vary depending on aircraft size, with larger aircraft and international flights typically requiring longer runways of 10,000 feet or more. The document also discusses other airport planning considerations like terminal area size and configuration, and factors involved in airline route planning.
AIRPORT PAVEMENT - CONSTRUCTION & REPAIR.pptxAnujyadav514462
This document discusses the geometric design of airport runways including length, gradient, safety areas, and width. It also covers taxiway design and functions. Finally, it summarizes pavement design for both flexible and rigid surfaces and considerations for airport maintenance to repair cracks, deterioration, and other distresses in runways and taxiways.
The document outlines the details of a student project to design and build a hovercraft. It includes:
- A list of project members and advisor.
- An overview of the contents and sections to be covered in the document, including introduction, history, design process, and conclusions.
- Descriptions of the working principles, basic parts, design considerations and calculations, structural details, and applications of hovercraft.
This document provides an overview of airports, including their key components and planning processes. It describes the main types of airports as military, civilian, domestic, and international. The main differences between domestic and international airports are described as well. Key airport components discussed include runways, control towers, helipads, hangars, and terminal buildings. The document also covers runway markings, length calculations, corrections for elevation and temperature, lighting, aprons, and the organizations involved in airport planning.
This document discusses various aspects of airport engineering and design. It begins by outlining the history of air transport development in India. It then defines key terms like airport, airfield, aerodrome and describes important airport components such as runways, terminals, taxiways, and control towers. The document also discusses factors that influence airport site selection and layout, including aircraft characteristics, wind patterns, and safety. It provides examples of different types of airports and concludes by covering topics like runway orientation, design, lighting and signage.
Sensor Integration and Data Fusion from a High Definition Helicopter Mapping ...MattBethel1
This document provides information about Merrick & Company, including its headquarters location, annual revenue, number of employees, market focus areas, and business units. It also lists the company's various office locations in North America. The remainder of the document outlines an agenda and then discusses the benefits of using a helicopter versus fixed-wing aircraft for high-definition mapping, including greater flight efficiencies, ability to collect higher point densities and smaller features in a single pass, and overall time and cost savings. It also describes the sensor payload used in Merrick's helicopter mapping system, including a LiDAR system, various cameras, and other sensors.
The document provides information on the components and problems of airports and airways in Pakistan. It discusses the basic definitions of airports, airfields, aerodromes and airways. It then describes the key components of an airport including runways, taxiways, airport terminal buildings, aircraft stands, control towers, hangars and parking areas. It also notes there are problems faced by the Civil Aviation Authority in Pakistan.
Design and optimization of ion propulsion dronebjmsejournal
Electric propulsion technology is widely used in many kinds of vehicles in recent years, and aircrafts are no exception. Technically, UAVs are electrically propelled but tend to produce a significant amount of noise and vibrations. Ion propulsion technology for drones is a potential solution to this problem. Ion propulsion technology is proven to be feasible in the earth’s atmosphere. The study presented in this article shows the design of EHD thrusters and power supply for ion propulsion drones along with performance optimization of high-voltage power supply for endurance in earth’s atmosphere.
VARIABLE FREQUENCY DRIVE. VFDs are widely used in industrial applications for...PIMR BHOPAL
Variable frequency drive .A Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) is an electronic device used to control the speed and torque of an electric motor by varying the frequency and voltage of its power supply. VFDs are widely used in industrial applications for motor control, providing significant energy savings and precise motor operation.
Use PyCharm for remote debugging of WSL on a Windo cf5c162d672e4e58b4dde5d797...shadow0702a
This document serves as a comprehensive step-by-step guide on how to effectively use PyCharm for remote debugging of the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) on a local Windows machine. It meticulously outlines several critical steps in the process, starting with the crucial task of enabling permissions, followed by the installation and configuration of WSL.
The guide then proceeds to explain how to set up the SSH service within the WSL environment, an integral part of the process. Alongside this, it also provides detailed instructions on how to modify the inbound rules of the Windows firewall to facilitate the process, ensuring that there are no connectivity issues that could potentially hinder the debugging process.
The document further emphasizes on the importance of checking the connection between the Windows and WSL environments, providing instructions on how to ensure that the connection is optimal and ready for remote debugging.
It also offers an in-depth guide on how to configure the WSL interpreter and files within the PyCharm environment. This is essential for ensuring that the debugging process is set up correctly and that the program can be run effectively within the WSL terminal.
Additionally, the document provides guidance on how to set up breakpoints for debugging, a fundamental aspect of the debugging process which allows the developer to stop the execution of their code at certain points and inspect their program at those stages.
Finally, the document concludes by providing a link to a reference blog. This blog offers additional information and guidance on configuring the remote Python interpreter in PyCharm, providing the reader with a well-rounded understanding of the process.
Digital Twins Computer Networking Paper Presentation.pptxaryanpankaj78
A Digital Twin in computer networking is a virtual representation of a physical network, used to simulate, analyze, and optimize network performance and reliability. It leverages real-time data to enhance network management, predict issues, and improve decision-making processes.
Discover the latest insights on Data Driven Maintenance with our comprehensive webinar presentation. Learn about traditional maintenance challenges, the right approach to utilizing data, and the benefits of adopting a Data Driven Maintenance strategy. Explore real-world examples, industry best practices, and innovative solutions like FMECA and the D3M model. This presentation, led by expert Jules Oudmans, is essential for asset owners looking to optimize their maintenance processes and leverage digital technologies for improved efficiency and performance. Download now to stay ahead in the evolving maintenance landscape.
Applications of artificial Intelligence in Mechanical Engineering.pdfAtif Razi
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2. Air transport characteristics
•Unbroken Journey: Air transport provides unbroken
journey over land and sea. It is the fastest and quickest
means of transport.
•Rapidity: Air transport had the highest speed among
all the modes of transport.
•Expensive: Air transport is the most expensive means
of transport. There is huge investment in purchasing
aero planes and constructing of aerodromes.
•Special Preparations: Air transport requires special
preparations like wheelers links, meteorological
stations, flood lights, searchlights etc.
3. •High Speed: The supreme advantage of air transport is its high
speed. It is the fastest mode of transport and thus it is the most
suitable mean where time is an important factor.
•Comfortable and Quick Services: It provides a regular,
comfortable, efficient and quick service.
•No Investment in Construction of Track: It does not require
huge capital investment in the construction and maintenance of
surface track.
•No Physical Barriers: It follows the shortest and direct route as
seas, mountains or forests do not come in the way of air
transport.
•Easy Access: Air transport can be used to carry goods and
people to the areas which are not accessible by other means of
transport.
Advantages
4. •Emergency Services: It can operate even when all other
means of transport cannot be operated due to the floods or
other natural calamities. Thus, at that time, it is the only
mode of transport which can be employed to do the relief
work and provide the essential commodities of life.
•Quick Clearance: In air transport, custom formalities can be
very quickly complied with and thus it avoids delay in
obtaining clearance.
•Most Suitable for Carrying Light Goods of High Value: It is
most suitable for carrying goods of perishable nature which
require quick delivery and light goods of high value such as
diamonds, over long distances.
Advantages
5. •National Defence: Air transport plays a very important
role in the defence of a country. Modern wars have been
fought mainly by aeroplanes. It has upper hand in
destroying the enemy in a very short period of time. It also
supports over wings of defence of a country.
•Space Exploration: Air transport has helped the world in
the exploration of space.
Advantages
6. Disadvantages
In spite of many advantages, air transport has the following
limitations:
•Very Costly: It is the costliest means of transport. The fares of
air transport are so high that it is beyond the reach of the
common man.
•Small Carrying Capacity: Its carrying capacity is very small and
hence it is not suitable to carry cheap and bulky goods.
•Uncertain and Unreliable: Air transport is uncertain and
unreliable as it is controlled to a great extent by weather
conditions. Unfavorable weather such as fog, snow or heavy rain
etc. may cause cancellation of scheduled flights and suspension
of air service.
•Breakdowns and Accidents: The chances of breakdowns and
accidents are high as compared to other modes of transport.
Hence, it involves comparatively greater risk.
7. Disadvantages
•Large Investment: It requires a large amount of capital
investment in the construction and maintenance of
aeroplanes. Further, very trained and skilled persons are
required for operating air service.
•Specialized Skill: Air transport requires a specialized skill and
high degree of training for its operation.
•Unsuitable for Cheap and Bulky Goods: Air transport is
unsuitable for carrying cheap, bulky and heavy goods because
of its limited capacity and high cost.
•Legal Restrictions: There are many legal restrictions imposed
by various countries in the interest of their own national unity
and peace.
50. land which is free from residential or industrial developments.
51.
52.
53. The layout of an airport mainly depends on the basic
configurations of the runways. The other airport elements are
then correlated in such a way that an integrated layout is
developed giving smooth flow of traffic, keeping in mind the
taxi distances to a minimum, providing shortest route for the
passengers. A proper airport layout provides full functional
efficiency with the minimum space utilization. An engineer
should attempt to provide the simplest design which yields
the optimum service to air passengers. A good airfield layout
should posses the following characteristic:
Typical airport layouts
•Landing, taxing and taking off as independent operations
without interference.
•Shortest taxiway distance from loading runway end.
•Safe runway length
54. •Safe approaches
•Excellent control tower visibility
•Adequate loading apron space
•Sufficient terminal building facilities
•Sufficient land area to permit subsequent expansion
•Lowest possible cost of construction.
Typical airport layouts
58. According to the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)
a runway is a "defined rectangular area on a land aerodrome
prepared for the landing and takeoff of aircraft".
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71. The following is the wind date at proposed airport site when
wind intensity is above 6.4 kmph. Determine the best direction
to orient the runway and hence calculate total wind coverage
and calm period.
Direction
Duration of wind, %
6.4 -25
kmph
25 -40
kmph
40 -60
kmph
N 4.2 1.6 0.2
NNE 7.1 3.6 0.3
NE 5.2 2.3 0.5
ENE 2.2 1.4 0.4
E 1.8 0.2 0.0
ESE 1.3 0.7 0.0
SE 1.6 0.4 0.0
SSE 3.1 0.9 0.0
S 6.2 1.3 0.5
SSW 10.3 4.2 0.5
SW 7.6 2.1 0.3
WSW 5.0 0.9 0.1
W 2.2 1.4 0.4
WNW 1.7 0.3 0.0
NW 0.8 0.2 0.0
NNW 4.0 1.0 0.0
72. Solution
Direction
Duration of wind, % Total in each
direction
%
6.4 -25
kmph
25 -40
kmph
40 -60
kmph
N 4.2 1.6 0.2 6
NNE 7.1 3.6 0.3 11
NE 5.2 2.3 0.5 8
ENE 2.2 1.4 0.4 4
E 1.8 0.2 0.0 2
ESE 1.3 0.7 0.0 2
SE 1.6 0.4 0.0 2
SSE 3.1 0.9 0.0 4
S 6.2 1.3 0.5 8
SSW 10.3 4.2 0.5 15
SW 7.6 2.1 0.3 10
WSW 5.0 0.9 0.1 6
W 2.2 1.4 0.4 4
WNW 1.7 0.3 0.0 2
NW 0.8 0.2 0.0 1
NNW 4.0 1.0 0.0 5
Total Coverage in all Directions 90
73.
74. Total Coverage in all Directions = 90 %
Calm period = 100 – Total Coverage in all Directions
= 100 – 90
= 10 %
Best orientation of runway is NNE and SSW
Wind coverage = N+NNE+NE+S + SSW + SW + Calm period
= 6 + 11 + 8 + 8 + 15 + 10 + 10
= 68 %
75. Direction
Duration of wind, %
6.4 -25
kmph
25 -40
kmph
40 -60
kmph
N 7.4 2.7 0.2
NNE 5.7 2.1 0.3
NE 2.4 0.9 0.5
ENE 1.2 0.4 0.2
E 0.8 0.2 0.0
ESE 0.3 0.1 0.0
SE 4.3 2.8 0.0
SSE 5.5 3.2 0.0
S 9.7 4.6 0.0
SSW 6.3 3.2 0.5
SW 3.6 1.8 0.3
WSW 1.0 0.5 0.1
W 0.4 0.1 0.0
WNW 0.2 0.1 0.0
NW 5.3 1.9 0.0
NNW 4.0 1.3 0.3
The following is the wind date at proposed airport site when
wind intensity is above 6.4 kmph. Determine the best direction
to orient the runway and hence calculate total wind coverage
and calm period.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
85. Problems on Basic Runway Length
1. The length of the runway under the Standard condition is
1620 m. The airport site has an Elevation of 270m. And the
reference temperature of the airport is 32.90 0 C . It is
decoded to construct the runway with can effective Gradient
of 0.20 %. Determine the Corrected length of the Runway
Solution
Given: L = 1620 m, Airport reference temperature = 32.90 0 C
Elevation = 270m and effective Gradient = 0.20 %
86. Problems on Basic Runway Length
Step 1 : Correction for Elevation
Correction = 7×L× Elevation /(100×300)
= 7×1620×270/(100×300)
= 102.06 m
Corrected Runway Length, L1 = L+ Correction
= 1620+102.06
=1722.06 m
87. Problems on Basic Runway Length
Step 2: Correction for Temperature
Standard Atmospheric temperature = 15 0 C -0.0065× Elevation
= 15 0 C -0.0065× 270
=13.25 0 C
Rise of the temp. = Airport reference temp. – Std. Atm. temp.
=32.90 0 C - 13.250 C
=19.65 0 C
Correction = L1 × Rise of the temperature /100
=1722.06×19.65/100
= 338.38m
88. Problems on Basic Runway Length
Corrected Length, L2 = L1 + Correction for temp.
= 1722.06+338.38
=2060.44 m
Step 3. Combined Correction
=27.18%
As per ICAO this combined correction Should not Exceed 35 %
Hence the correction is ok
89. Problems on Basic Runway Length
Step 4. Correction for Gradient
Applying Correction for the Effective Gradient at the rate of
20% for Each 1 % effective Gradient
Correction = 20 × L2 × Effective Gradient /100
= 20 × 2060.44 × 0.20 /100
=82.41m
Corrected Length = 2060.44 + 88.41
= 2060.44 + 88.41
=2142.85 m
above value may be rounded to the nearest 10 m, then the
corrected length
Correction Length = 2140 m
90. Problems on Basic Runway Length
1. The length of the runway under the Standard condition is
2100 m. The airport be provided at an Elevation of 410 m
above MSL. The airport reference temperature is 32 0 C . The
construction plans provides the following data. Determine the
length of Runway also apply correction as per ICAO and FAA
specication.
Given: L = 1620 m, Airport reference temperature = 32.90 0 C
End to end of
Runway (m)
0 -300 300-900 900-1500 1500- 1800 1800-2100 2100-2700 2700-3000
Grade ( %) + 1.00 - 0.50 + 0.50 + 1.00 - 0.50 - 0.40 - 0.10
91. Problems on Basic Runway Length
Solution
Given: L = 2100 m, Airport reference temperature = 32 0 C
Elevation = 410 m
Step 1 : Correction for Elevation
Correction = 7×L× Elevation /(100×300)
= 7×2100×410/(100×300)
= 200.90 m
Corrected Runway Length, L1 = L+ Correction
= 2100+ 200.90
=2300.90 m
92. Problems on Basic Runway Length
Step 2: Correction for Temperature
Standard Atmospheric temperature = 15 0 C -0.0065× Elevation
= 15 0 C -0.0065× 410
=12.335 0 C
Rise of the temp. = Airport reference temp. – Std. Atm. temp.
=32 0 C - 12.335 0 C
=19.665 0 C
Correction = L1 × Rise of the temperature /100
= 2300.90 ×19.665/100
= 452.47m
93. Problems on Basic Runway Length
Corrected Length, L2 = L1 + Correction for temp.
= 2300.90 +452.47
=2753.37 m
Step 3. Combined Correction
=31.112%
As per ICAO this combined correction is less than 35 % Hence the
correction is ok
94. Problems on Basic Runway Length
Step 4. Correction for Gradient
The elevations of different points as per proposed grading plan
Chainage (m) 0 300 900 1500 1800 2100 2700 3000
Elevation (m) 100 103 100 103 106 104.5 102.1 101.8
95. Problems on Basic Runway Length
Correction = 20 × L2 × Effective Gradient /100
= 20 × 2753.37 × 0.183 /100
= 100.77m
Corrected Length = L2 + Correction
= 2753.37 + 100.77
=2854.14 m
above value may be rounded to the nearest 10 m, then the
corrected length
Correction Length = 2860 m
96. Problems on Basic Runway Length
2. The data below refers to the daily temperature for the
hottest month of the year 1988 for given airport site.
Determine the airport reference temperature
Date
Temperature, ͦ C
Date
Temperature, ͦC
Maximum Average Maximum Average
1 42.5 25.5 16 43.7 26.2
2 42.5 25.5 17 43.8 25.9
3 42.7 25.7 18 44.0 26.3
4 43.0 25.9 19 44.8 26.3
5 43.0 25.9 20 44.1 26.3
6 43.0 25.9 21 44.3 26.5
7 42.8 25.8 22 44.3 26.9
8 43.0 25.9 23 44.5 26.5
9 43.0 25.9 24 44.6 26.5
10 43.1 25.0 25 44.6 26.9
11 43.3 26.3 26 44.7 27.0
12 43.5 26.4 27 44.6 27.0
13 43.3 26.3 28 44.7 27.0
14 43.5 26.4 29 44.8 26.2
15 43.6 26.3 30 45.0 27.2
97. Problems on Basic Runway Length
Solution:
Mean of the maximum daily temperature, tm = 1312.3/30
= 43.74 ͦ C
Mean of the average daily temperature, ta = 787.4 /30
= 26.25 ͦ C
= 32.08 ͦ C