Downloaded 18 times
Uploaded byOECD Environment
ENV GLOBAL FORUM OCT 2016 - Session 3 - Timur Gül
This document discusses the role of energy in limiting negative environmental impacts. It notes that energy is the main driver of climate change and air pollution, and the solutions to many environmental problems lie in the energy sector. While efforts to address climate change through agreements like the Paris Accord are underway, more action is needed to transition energy production and use to clean technologies in order to limit global warming to 2 degrees Celsius. Reducing air pollution through policies targeting the energy sector could save millions of lives annually while also providing energy access and economic benefits. An integrated strategy addressing multiple policy goals simultaneously can help avoid lock-in to high-emission energy systems.
More Related Content
Similar to ENV GLOBAL FORUM OCT 2016 - Session 3 - Timur Gül
ENV GLOBAL FORUM OCT 2016 - Session 3 - Timur Gül
- 1. ©OECD/IEA2016 The role ofenergy in limiting negative environmental feedbacks Dr. Timur Gül, OECD, 24 October 2016
- 2. © OECD/IEA 2016 Context Energy is at the center of economic activity, and demand keeps rising Global energy demand is set to rise by one-third to 2040 Many of the root causes – and cures – of environmental problems are in the energy sector Energy is the main driver of climate change: at least two-thirds of global greenhouse gas emissions are from the energy sector Fossil-fuels cover around 80% of global energy use and are the main source of CO2 emissions Energy production & use is an important contributor to emissions of methane and nitrous oxide Energy is key driver of air pollution, the fourth largest human health risk only 8% of energy production is combustion free, and more than half of the rest has no effective emissions control technology
- 3. © OECD/IEA 2016The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on maps included in this publication do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the IEA. Pledges submitted OECD Asia Oceania 2.2 Gt Russia and Caspian 2.0 Gt Europe 3.8 Gt North America 6.1 Gt South America 1.2 Gt Africa 1.1 Gt Middle East 2.0 Gt 1.7 Gt Other AsiaIndia 1.9 Gt China 8.6 Gt Efforts to address climate change are underway The Paris Agreement is set to come into force: implementation of the unconditional pledges would limit global temperature rise to 2.7 °C by 2100.
- 4. © OECD/IEA 2016 Energyefficiency & renewables account for the bulk of the additional emission reductions required for a 2 °C pathway, but all forms of clean energies are needed 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 Gt New Policies Scenario (including INDCs) 450 Scenario 17.9 Gt Energy efficiency Fuel & technology switching in end-uses Renewables Nuclear CCS Other Technology solutions towards 2 °C
- 5. © OECD/IEA 2016 Whatis the cost of emissions mitigation? Cumulative world energy sector investment by sector & scenario, 2015-2040 The 450 Scenario requires changing the investment balance across fuels & sectors, and across supply & demand, rather than the scale of the global energy investment 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 NPS 450 Trilliondollars(2014) Fuel supply Power supply End-use efficiency NPS 450 NPS 450 Biofuels Coal Natural gas Oil T&D Renewables Nuclear Fossil fuels Buildings Transport Industry
- 6. © OECD/IEA 2016 Airpollution is an energy problem Pollutant emissions, 2015 Energy is the single most important cause of emissions of all main pollutants; outdoor air pollution alone is linked to 3 million premature deaths today 81 Mt108 Mt 41 Mt Fine particulate matter (PM2.5)Sulfur dioxide (SO2)Nitrogen oxides (NOX) >99% Non-energyEnergy-related >99%>99% >99% 85% Coal Oil Gas Bioenergy Other Biomass 43% Coal 43% Oil 61%
- 7. © OECD/IEA 2016 MexicoSouth Africa Brazil Thousands 200 100 Indonesia 50 150 Thedeath toll keeps rising… Premature deaths due to outdoor pollution in selected regions Despite planned policies premature deaths increase from 3 to 4.5 million in 2040 2015 Additional deaths in 2040 400 1 200 IndiaChina Thousands 1 600 800
- 8. © OECD/IEA 2016 4 8 Mt …althoughaction is being taken in many parts of the world Policies are successful to decouple pollutant emissions from energy demand growth to 2040; but the air pollution problem remains far from being solved Change in energy demand and pollutants to 2040 Mtoe Mt 400 800 1 200 Mtoe 4 Mt India 400 800 Mtoe AfricaChina 400 800 1 200 -20 -16 -12 -8 -4 Fossil fuels & bioenergy Wind, solar & other Energy demand (Mtoe) SO2 NOX Pollutants (Mt) PM2.5
- 9. © OECD/IEA 2016 Selectedpollution mitigation technologies: industry and power Energy sector decarbonisation can reduce air pollutant emissions; but clean energy in the context of air pollution has additional options.
- 10. © OECD/IEA 2016 TheIEA Clean Air Strategy A 7% increase in investment can save over 3 million lives in 2040, while providing energy access for all, lower energy import bills and leading to a peak in CO2 by 2020 Cumulative investment 20 40 60 80 100 Trilliondollars(2014) 1 2 3 4 5 Millions 2015-2040 Premature deaths from outdoor air pollution Additional investment in the Clean Air Scenario Lives saved in the Clean Air Scenario 2040
- 11. © OECD/IEA 2016 Conclusions The energy sector is the route cause of many environmental problems; as such, it holds the key to solving them Many technology solutions for addressing environmental issues are known; it is to policy to ensure they are being deployed Policy efforts are underway to mitigate some of the most pressing environmental problems, but are not yet sufficient for solving them A well-designed energy sector strategy will ensure that multiple policy goals are being considered and lock-in is avoided IEA will continue to promote integrated policy approaches as it strengthens its role as a global hub for clean & efficient energy