This document discusses air pollution, including its sources and types. It identifies two major categories of pollution sources: anthropogenic (man-made) and natural. Man-made sources include stationary sources like power plants and factories, mobile sources like vehicles, and certain agricultural and waste practices. Natural sources include dust, methane from animals, radon gas, and smoke from wildfires. Air pollutants are classified as primary, emitted directly, or secondary, formed when primary pollutants react; examples given are carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and ground-level ozone. Specific industrial sources like liquid soap factories are also listed.

1. Environmental Science
Unit-4 Air and Noise pollution
Topic- Air pollution
Types of air pollution
Sources of air pollution
Effects of air pollution
Prepared by –Prof.S.M.Gunjal
Sanjivani College of Engineering,Kopargaon

2. AIR POLLUTION
Air Pollution Definition
Air pollution is the mixing of unwanted and
harmful substances such as chemicals, dust,
auto emissions, suspended particles, gases
among others in our atmosphere.

3. Sources of Air Pollution
• There are various locations, activities or
factors which are responsible for releasing
pollutants into the atmosphere. These sources
can be classified into two major categories.
• A) Anthropogenic (man-made) sources
• B) Natural sources

4. Anthropogenic (man-made)
sources
• Anthropogenic (man-made) sources
• Stationary sources include smoke stacks of fossil fuel
power stations , manufacturing facilities (factories) and
waste incinerators, as well as furnaces and other types
of fuel-burning heating devices.
Mobile sources include motor vehicles, marine vessels,
and aircraft.
• Controlled burn practices in agriculture and forest
management.
• Fumes from paint, hair spray, varnish, aerosol sprays
and other solvents.
• Waste deposition in landfills, which generate methane.

5. Natural sources
• Dust from natural sources, usually large areas of land with
little vegetation or no vegetation.
• Methane, emitted by the digestion of food by animals, for
example cattle.
• Radon gas from radioactive decay within the Earth's crust.
Radon is a colorless, odorless, naturally occurring, radioactive
noble gas that is formed from the decay of radium.
• Smoke and carbon monoxide from wildfires.
• Vegetation, in some regions, emits environmentally
significant amounts of Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) on
warmer days. These VOCs react with primary anthropogenic
pollutants—specifically, NOx, SO2, and anthropogenic organic
carbon compounds — to produce a seasonal haze of
secondary pollutants.

6. Types of Air Pollutants
• A pollutant can be of natural origin or man-made.
Pollutants are classified as primary or secondary
• Primary pollutants are usually produced by processes
such as ash from a volcanic eruption. Other examples
include carbon monoxide gas from motor vehicle
exhausts or sulfur dioxide released from factories.
• Secondary pollutants are not emitted directly.
Rather, they form in the air when primary pollutants
react or interact. Ground level ozone is a prominent
example of secondary pollutants. Some pollutants
may be both primary and secondary: they are both
emitted directly and formed from other primary
pollutants.

7. Industrial Sources
• Liquid soap factory
• Sulphuric Acid factory
• Plastic industry
• Acid manufacturing units
• Phosphate fertilized industry
• Inorganic chemical plants
• Metal industry
• Aluminum plants