Air and water cooled Chiller plant BTech(vicky kumar) major project

i
A
MAJOR PROJECT
ON
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF AIR CONDITIONING
CHILLER PLANT
Submitted to
Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya, Bhopal, M.P.
Submitted in partial fulfillment of requirement for the award of degree of
Bachelor of Engineering
In
Mechanical Engineering
Submitted by
1. VICKY KUMAR 0187ME161077
2. BABLU KUMAR 0187ME161081
3. SK TALIM 0187ME161067
4. ROSHAN CHAUDHARY 0187CS161086
5. SHUBHAM KUMAR 0187CS161102
Under the Supervision
Prof. SANJAY KUMAR SINGH Dr. RASHMI DWIVEDI
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
SAGAR INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
GANDHI NAGAR, BHOPAL, M.P.
MAY 2020

ii
SAGAR INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, Bhopal (MP)
Department of Mechanical Engineering
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the work embodies in this dissertation entitled ‘Development of Air
conditioning Chiller Plant’ being submitted by ‘ Vicky kumar (0187ME161077) for partial
fulfillment of the requirement for the award of ‘Bachelor of Engineering’ in Mechanical
Engineering discipline to Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya, Bhopal(M.P.) during the
academic year 2016-20 is a record of bonafide piece of work, undertaken by him under the
supervision of the undersigned.
Approved and Supervised by
Forwarded by Signature
Dr. Rashmi Dwivedi Prof. Sanjay kumar singh
Associate professor, ME AssociateProfessor, ME
SISTec Bhopal SISTec Bhopal
Prof. Sanjay Chhalotre
Associate prof. ME ,
SISTec Bhopal
Prof. RavishankerV Choudri Dr. Keshavendra Choudhary
HOD, ME Dept. Principal
SISTec, Bhopal SISTec,Bhopal

iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I owe an enormous debt of gratitude to my thesis supervisor, Prof. Sanjay Kumar Singh and
Dr. Rashmi Dwivedi for guiding and inspiring me from the beginning through the end of this
thesis with his intellectual advices and insightful suggestions. I truly appreciate and value his
consistent feedback on my progress, which was always constructive and encouraging, and
ultimately drove me to the right direction.
I also owe a great deal of thanks to several people who have helped and motivated me throughout
my thesis work as well as throughout my graduate course at SISTec, Bhopal, in particular, (Dr.
Keshavendra Choudhary PRINCIPAL, SISTec, Bhopal)andProf. RavishankerVChoudri
HOD, ME Dept. all teaching and non-teaching staff of ME department for their valuable
assistances they offered me generously during the past four years.
Name Enrollment no. Signature
1. Vicky kumar 0187ME161077
2. Bablu kumar 0187ME161081
3. Sk Talim 0187ME161067
4. Roshan chaudhary 0187CS161086
5. Shubham kumar 0187CS161102

iv
Contents
Title page i
Certificate ii
Acknowledgement iii
Table of Contents iv
List of Figures vii
List of Tables viii
Nomenclature ix
Abstract x
Chapter 1 :- Introduction 1-6
1.1 History.............................................................................2
1.2 What are water chiller and air cooler...........................3
1.2.1 Water cooler................................................................. 3
1.2.2 Air cooler......................................................................4
1.3 Combine System...........................................................5
1.4 Weather in Bhopal ....................................................6
Chapter 2 :- Literature Survey 6-14
2.1 Literature review.............................................................6-9
2.2 Summary of literature review........................................10-12
2.3 Outcome of literature....................................................13
2.4 Problem statement ........................................................ 13
2.5 Aim and object..............................................................13
2.5.1 Aim.................................................................................13
2.5.2 Objectives…..................................................................14

v
Chapter 3 :- Methodology 15-28
3.1 Condenser............................................................... 15
3.2 Compressor .............................................................16
3.3 Evaporative coil ......................................................17
3.4 Expansion valve......................................................18
3.5 Refrigerant R-22.................................................... 19
3.6 Pressure gauge ........................................................ 20
3.7 Capillary tube..........................................................21
3.8 Evaporative fan.......................................................22
3.9 Water filter................................................................23
3.10 Exhaust Fan..............................................................24
3.2 Isometric view of our model ...................................25
3.3 Working of VCRs System.................................... 26
3.11 Working of air cooler ............................................ 27
3.12 Working of combined system................................28
3.12 Advantage & Disadvantage ...................................30
3.13 Application.............................................................30
Chapter 4 :- Result & Discussion 31-34
4.1 Assumption .............................................................31
4.2 Observation .............................................................31
4.3 Graph ....................................................................... 32
4.4 Process…..................................................................33
4.5 Calculation .............................................................. 33
4.6 Power consumption .................................................33
4.7 Result ........................................................................34

vi
Chapter 5 :- Conclusion and scope for future work 35
5.1 Conclusion 36
5.2 Future work 36
References…………………………………………..…37-39
Appendix…………………………………...….…….…40

vii
LIST OF FIGURES
1.1 First water chiller 3
1.2 Water chiller system 4
1.3 Air coolersystem 4
1.4 Combined circuit of air cooler and water chiller 5
3.1 Condenser 15
3.2 Compressor 16
3.3 Evaporative coil 17
3.4 Expansion valve 18
3.5 Refrigerant R-22 19
3.6 Pressure gauge 20
3.7 Capillary tube 21
3.8 Evaporative fan 22
3.9 Water filter 23
3.10 Exhaust Fan 24
3.11 Isometric view of our model 25
3.12 VCR cycle 26
3.13 Principle of air cooler 27
3.14 Combined system of air cooler and water chiller 28
4.3 Graph (Specific enthalpy Vs Absolute pressure) 32

vii
LIST OF TABLES
2.1 Summary of Literature Review 12-14
4.3 Data table 30

NOMENCLATURE
ix
Symbol Particular Unit
R-22 Chlorodifluoromethane
Te Evaporative Temperature ( ⁰ C )
Tc Condenser Temperature ( ⁰ C )
P1 Pressure at the inlet of a compressor ( bar )
P2 Pressure at the outlet of a compressor ( bar )
h1 Specific enthalpy at the inlet in compressor ( kJ/kg )
h2 Specific enthalpy at the outlet of compressor ( kj/kg )
h3 Specific enthalpy at inlet of evaporator ( kj/kg )
h4 Specific enthalpy at exit of evaporator ( kj/kg )
v1 Specific volume (m3
/kg)
vp Piston Displacement per TR (m3
/min/TR)
Ƞv Volumetric Efficiency
ṁ Mass Flow Rate (kg/min/TR)
QR Heat rejected in the condenser (kj/min/TR)

x
ABSTRACT
The combined system of air cooler and water chiller is developed to
provide better cooling for air and water. Nowadays we, observe that in
industries, hospitals, staff room, people gathering we require coolwater
and coolair for human comfort. So, in these places like industries where
productiontime plays a major role. This combined system will reduce the
ideal time for the workers in search of drinking water at a different
station. This combined system provide both chilled air and water at the
desired place of the workshop and also maintain the cool atmosphere
around the workplace.
This combined system also reduce electricity consumption because both
arrangements work onthe same compressor. Italso modified accordingto
the use like cooling in a CNC machine.
The combined system of air cooler and water chiller is developed for
providing better cooling effect than the conventional air cooler. It also
provides cold water for drinking purposecomparatively at low costthan
the water cooler. It also decreased the moisture content of air coming
through desert cooler up to some extent.

INTRODUCTION
1
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
The main purposes of a developing combined system of an air cooler and water
chiller to make water cool as well as drinkable and provide a comfortable
environment forthe occupants. Thehigher air temperature inside abuilding is found
to reduce the productivity of the occupants and increase the heat stress inside the
buildings. Higher temperature reduces feed consumption, weight gain. During the
hot climate, human needs more cold water. All these aspects demand cooling of
indoorair in hotclimate zones, as well as cold water. Air cooling may bea technique
of achieving a snug indoor climate by reducing air temperature, particularly within
the arid region of the planet.
Water chiller performance is measured in terms of coefficient of performance and
we have tried to increase the efficiency There are many factors which directly or
indirectly affect the performance like condenser temperature, evaporator
temperature, insulation etc. so we continued our project regarding effective use of
evaporator by the combination of two major aspects which are air cooler and water
chiller we tried to use the same evaporating for both purpose and also achieve the
better coefficient of performance.
Nowadays, the equipment which produces refrigeration effects are onhigh demand,
for example, refrigerators, air coolers, air conditioners etc. Mostly the refrigerators
are used to be seen in every house nowadays. Therefrigerator is used forpreserving
the foods and also for cooling the water and other beverages. In India, during the
summer season the temperature increases up to its peak mostly about the range of
45°c to 50°c.

INTRODUCTION
2
During this seasonthere is very increase in demand forcooling equipments such as
air coolers, air conditioner etc. If we tend to mention ancient air coolers, these
coolers have terribly high demand in India as a result of they're low-cost and
reasonable in each side and most of the Indian population is belongs to the centre
category and so, they will afford these ancient coolers. however, these coolers to
have disadvantages like they consume a great amount of water i.e. regarding forty-
five to fifty litres of water on a daily basis.
We know that the lower-middle-class population of Asian country is concerning
267 million. though if we tend to consider 250 million of the population uses about
fifty litres ofwater daily in their cooler, they consume 12500 million litres of water
solely within the summer season that may be a terribly high quantity. Also, these
coolers consume 250 rupees of electricity per month in step with the Indian
standards. Also, these coolers consume an outsized quantity of wood wool, that is
obtained by cutting an outsized range of trees and trees are the essential parameter
that is employed for reducing warming.

INTRODUCTION
3
1.1 HISTORY
 In 1750 industrial refrigeration was introduce forthe first time byWilliam
Cullen of Glasgow University, UK.
 In 1852, the first ice-manufacturing machine was developed by John
Gorrie. Showering ofice quickly became a famous method ofcooling and
other laboratory processes, and this technique is still frequently used
nowadays.
 In 1877, a continuous cooling process ofcondensinglarge volumes ofgas
was invented by the German engineer Carl von Linde. This invention
eventually makes water chiller and domestic refrigeration.
 In 1925, the first centrifugal water chiller was introducing and patented by
a Mechanical engineer named Willis Carrier. During that time water
chillers used a reciprocating compressor to move the refrigerant in the
refrigeration system. Centrifugal compressor is the main part of the
centrifugal water chiller.
 During the Nineteen Fifties and Nineteen Sixties, water bathtub becomes
a lot of subtle, providing improved management and a bigger variety of
options. for instance, throughout this point, New Brunswick scientific
developed the G76 water bathtub shaker, that usedas atriple acentric drive
to attain the best shaking whereas maintaining the temperature among a
sway vary. the corporate claims that the enduring water bathtub shaker
continues to be getting used in several laps worldwide nowadays.
 In 1984, New Brunswick Scientific updated their classic G76 water
bathing tub shaker by introducing the G76/D model. This instrument used
extravagantly of constant technology attributable to the first model,
however, incorporated microchip technology for plentiful larger
management over temperature and speed. TheG76/D was able to manage
temperature to at intervals zero.1°C and speed to at intervals one
revolutions per minute.

INTRODUCTION
4
 In 1994, Yamato completed enhancements in its low-temperature water
bathtub series and low-temperature/constant temperature setup series in
response to element regulation.
 In 1999, Julabo discharged a series ofwater baths and shaking water baths
that offered splash-water protection to safeguard the user and samples
throughout use. in addition, throughout this year, Julabo launched the
Economy series of circulators that includes LED displays for hyperbolic
energy potency and improved simple use.
 Finally, in 2011, PolyScience introduced a line ofcompactand reasonable
low- temperature chillers, the LS-Series / LM-Series / MM-Series,
designed to maximize bench area. These chillers were supposed to be
used with rotary evaporators, jacketed incubators, very little reaction
vessels, spectrophotometers, activity columns, condensers, and totally
different devices that require strong heat removal.

INTRODUCTION
5
The water chiller of the old invention consists of a refrigeration cycle, a water
system and an engine for driving refrigeration systems and water. The water
chiller system contains a thermostatically controlled valve to control hot water
from the water supply tank with chilled water from the heat exchanger
evaporator of the refrigeration system so as to give a constant load to the
evaporator heat exchanger inlet and an immediate source of chilled water.
The invention is relating to a mobile apparatus for cooling water, more quickly,
thus an apparatus which draws water from a storage container reduces the water
temperature and delivers the cold water at a pre-selected temperature to a
dispenser.
1.2 WHAT IS WATER CHILLER AND AIR COOLER?
1.2.1 WATER CHILLER
A water chiller is a mechanical device which is used to extract heat from water in
a closed loop system water chiller. Water chiller is very wide application in

INTRODUCTION
6
industries where it is used in cooled storage to keep the product for a longer
period of time. The chillers are also used for keeping medicine at an appropriate
temperature such that it will effective at a longer period of time. Water
chiller range from temperature 2⁰ to 7⁰ depending upon the application
requirements.

INTRODUCTION
7
Figure 1.2 waterchiller system [1]
1.2.2 AIR COOLER
This apparatus is used to reduce the temperature of ambient air such that it should
provide human comfort. Air coolernowadays are most evaporative cooler. In which
the water evaporates when it comes in contact with atmospheric air and with the
help of fan this chilled or cooled air is transferred into the confined space. It is
basically used in summer seasons.
Figure 1.3 Air cooler[2]

INTRODUCTION
8
1.3 COMBINE SYSTEM OF AIR COOLER AND
WATER CHILLER
Figure1.4 Combined circuit of air cooler and water chiller [3]
It is the schematic diagram ofthe combination of water chiller and air cooler. When
the compressor is switch on refrigerant is compressed and its temperature and
pressure increase and then it goes into the condenser. Then in the condenser the
refrigerant lose its heat and its pressureremain constant then it flows to the cooling
coil through an expansion valve where the temperature and pressure both reduced.
Now the refrigerant absorbs the heat of object or cools the space with the help of
evaporator of evaporating coil.
This cycle keeps continuously working which is commonly known as vapour
compression refrigeration cycle (VCRs). In our combined system we are using an
evaporating or cooling coil for cooling of water and cooling of air. The temperature

INTRODUCTION
9
of both the air cooler and water chiller system is measured by a temperature sensor
which is placed on the modal of the combined system.
The water in the tank gets cooled by cooling coil which absorbing the latent heat of
thewater. Now, this cooled water is used for cooling the tool of CNC machine in
manufacturing industries, drinking purpose in various places etc.
Here the cooling coil is extended up to air cooler section where the moisture from
the cooling coil is mixed with air by which we get cooled air.
1.4 Weather in Bhopal
In order to correctly analysis the building heat load, the weather in Bhopal has to
be taken into consideration. Bhopal climate is generally warm and humid. Bhopal
has a hot summer with no dry season. The warm seasongenerally starts from early
March to the end of September. The cold weather generally starts from the end of
September to end of March. This thesis report generally focuses on May, June and
July weathers, becausethe HVAC measurement data from these three months
would be analyzed in the result section. March in Bhopal generally have around
35°C high temperature with low temperature sounding 25°C. (Weather Spark,
2019)

10
LITERATURE
CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE SURVEY
2.1 LITERATURE REVIEW
 Anil Kumbhar, Nitin Gulhaneb, Sachin Pandure. They conducted a
research and find out that the consumption of electricity is very high, the
compressor runs at a full speed when we need a limited temperature so from
this the load on the condenser is also increased which gives low efficiency, so
they use the hybrid chiller from this the compressor work is reduced to 80%,
and the compressorsize would also be decreased so the energy consumption is
low.
 Ramesh Kumar. He studied and find out the problem that the Coefficient of
performance (COP) of the Vapor compressor system (VCR) and Vapor
absorptionsystem (VAR) is very low because the VCR system is working on
compressor and the design of compressor is not appropriate, and the VCR is
working on absorber, heat exchanger, pressure reducing valve, which
consumes a lot ofenergy and overall the COP is reduced. So, heuses the hybrid
chiller which is the combination ofthe VCR and VAR systemso from this the
COP is increased by 23.05% which is overall greater than VCR and VAR
system.
 Kyaw Thu, Jayprakash saththasivam. They find a problem that in
mechanical Vapor compressionchiller we want to increase cop by37-40% and
cooling capacity by40-45% using the same hardware at 17ºoutlet chilled water.

11
LITERATURE
So, they solve a problemby increasing the temperature by1ᴼ C in chilled water
temperature, the cop of the chiller improved by about 4% whilst the cooling
capacity improvement is about 5% for the operation a 17º C chilling water
outlet.
 Udhya Kumar. He studied and fined a problem that high heat is rejected from
the generator in VAR and VCR system. So, theycombined bothVAR and VCR
system and developed a hybrid chiller from which the heat rejection from the
generator is reduced.
 Francis Boudehenn, Sydvain Bonnat. The problem arises that the increase in
the air temperature which decreases the performance of the chiller and increase
in the cooling load. Which created a problem of low cop and high energy
consumption. So, they solved the problem by common design was chosen
allows obtaining very reactive and adaptive chillers which improve the
performance by which cooling load is decreased.
 H.T.Chua , K.C.Ng, A.Malek. The present study has demonstrated that it's
attainable to boost the recovery potency of low-grade waste heat via a multi-
bed regenerative theme. This makes sure that the total heat of wastestream
 IAIN STEWART, LU AYE, F.AIRAH. A new model has been developed to
optimize the sequencing and cargo levelling of chillers. The model uses the
shuffle advanced evolution optimisation formula to attenuate the entire energy
consumptionof chillers and pumps byincreasing the complete systemconstant
of performance underneath an illustrious distinct load.
 Andrew kusiak, Mingyang Li, Fan Tang A data-driven approach for step-
down of the energy to the air condition a typical office-type facility is
conferred. Eight data-mining algorith square measure applied to model the
nonlinear relationship among energy consumption

12
LITERATURE
 Kairouni & Nehdi. They find that the other water chiller consumes more
amount of water. So, they use the hybrid water chiller and finds that the water
is saved nearly 16LPS (litre per second).
 Chung-Neng Huang, Ying-Han Ye. They supported drawback that warming
and energy exhaustion issues have becomea service problem, from that energy
conservation and carbonare increase. So, they solved the matter by developing
a recently supersonic mist-cooled water excitement that could be a higher
resolution to the matter of rising pollution and energy.
 F.W. YUA, K.T. Chanb, R.K.Y.Sita. They had investigated the way to
improve the energy performance ofcentral air-conditioning by exploitation oil-
free chillers. 3 typical water-cooled centrifugal excitations of equal capability
were replaced by3 oil-free. excitation ofconstantcapability in associatedegree
existing system. Operating data for performance evaluation were logged at the
1-hr interval for one year before and afterreplacement.
 Yingde Yin, Dongsheng Zhu, jinfi Sun. This paper an evaporating condenser,
where the tubes present an experimental investigation of heat transfer
enhancement in are remodelled with round, elliptical and twist types. The result
shows that the heat transfer coefficient of the elliptical and the twisted tubes
are higher than that of the round one of 10.2%-18.0% and 14.6%-28.9%
respectively. The test forcold source system with evaporative- cooled chiller is
introduced to a demonstration project to replace initial water- cooled one.
 Fujen Wanga, Hungmen Linb,Weida tub. With the energy, shortage issue
rises worth of energy conservation grows. The energy consumption of the
HVAC system reaches concerning five-hundredths of the building, particularly

13
LITERATURE
for the new and wet close condition. Energy modelling code eQUEST was
applied to judge the energy consumption of an edifice building. Through the
validation of simulation information and field measure information. The
energy economical hair-raiser filler approach and be obtained. The
unconcealed that of energy saving of ten.5% is achieved by optimizing the
chiller capability filler. Both condenser (refrigerant on the shell-side) and
evaporator (refrigerant on the tube-side) are counter cross-flow shell-and-tube
type with single shell pass and one tube pass. Tubes are made of copper and
have a staggered layout. The design condition used was 70
C for outlet chilled
water temperature to the condenser.
 Matthew W. Browne, Pradeep K. Bansal, Ph.D., P.E. This paper presents
the philosophy and challenges in developing simulation ofvapour-compression
refrigeration chillers. The process involved reviewing over 60 research papers
on bothsteady-state and transient models. Due to the apparent lack of literature
pertaining specifically to vapour-compression chillers, the survey inevitable
uncovered areas that require detailed scientific investigation, including the
need of complete chiller modal that incorporates detailed models of each
component in the system. Both steady-state and transient simulations are
required to quantify thepart- load operation of the chillers, transient effect such
as start-up and shut downphenomenon and the variation between two different
part-load operating conditions.

14
LITERATURE
 Martin Heln1, Kilian Pfeffe, Stefen Hiebler. In this scientific research, a
novel system conception for star heating and cooling installation comprising
dry re-cooled action excitement and a brand-new vasoconstrictor heat energy
storage had been developed and tested. throughout cooling mode of heat energy
storage supports the dry air cooler particularly on hot days to make sure a
continuing low cooling water come back temperature to action excitement.
compared to wet cooling maintenance and operational value are significantly
less.
 F.W. Yu K.T. Chan. This paper describes, however, the cop of those chillers
is improved bya replacement condenserstyle, victimization phasechanges pre-
coolers and variable-speed fans. A natural philosophy model for Associate in
Nursing air cooled screw excitation was developed, within the condenser
element considers empirical equation showing the effectiveness of Associate
in Nursing phase change pre-cooler in lowering the out of doors temperature
within the heat-rejection method. The condenserelement additionally contains
an Associate in Nursing formula to work out the quantity and speed of the
condenserfans staged at any given point ofcompressing temperature. it's found
that constant performance is maximized by adjusting the point supported any
given excitation load and wet bulb temperature of the out of doors air.

15
LITERATURE
relative to the atmosphere is healthier utilization before being purged eventually. the
constant theme additionally suppresses the chilled water outlet temperature
fluctuation down-stream temperature smoothing device could also be downsized or
eliminated for those applications involving exigent cooling method may or
dehumidification. With the cut back in the speed of the excitation, best change time
additionally tends to extend with the number of beds therefore on attain most peak
chilled water temperature suppression.
 P.TamilSelvam, H. Imdad Ahmed, S. NaveenKumar, R. Kumaravelan and
V.C. Sathish Gandhi: The present study has shown that the experimentation is
carried out to record observations in a 960 cubic feet room for five hours in the
Coimbatore, India on 20th and 21st March 2014 Properties and dimensions of the
room considered for experimentation.
 François Boudéhenna, Sylvain Bonnota, Hélène Demaslesa,FlorentLefrançoisa,
Maxime Perier-Muzeta, Delphine Trichéa;- The present study has shown that the
development and performance overview of ammonia water absorption chillers with
cooling capacities with 5 to 100 kW. From 2010 to 2015, three similarly design based
absorptionchillers have been developed, of the manufactured and characterized ontest
benches. The chillers are all ammonia-water thermally driven single effect chiller.
They are intended to operate using directly solar thermal energy or using waste heat
from Concentrated Solar Plant (CSP). The first one is a laboratory prototype, fully
instrumented with a cooling capacity of 5 kW.

16
LITERATURE
2.2 SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEW
Sr.No Author Title Of Paper Objective Function
1. Anil Kumbhar, Nitin
Gulhaneb, Sachin Pandure.
"Theoretical Analysis
of Hybrid Chiller"
By reducing the size of
the compressorthe
high
electricity consumption
is also reduced.
2. Ramesh Kumar. Heat and mass
transfer of water
chiller.
By a combination ofthe
VCR and VAR system
the COP is increased by
23.05% which is
overall greater than
VCR and VAR system.
3. Kyaw Thu, Jayprakash
saththasivam.
Modelling and
simulation of the mass
recovery process in an
absorption systemfor
Cooling and
Desalination.
The cooling capacity
improvement is about
5% for the operation a
170
c chilling water
outlet.
4. Udhya Kumar. Feasibility anddesign
of solar integrated
absorption
Refrigeration system.
The heat rejection from
the generator is reduced
by 38.94%.
5. Francis Boudehenn,
Sydvain Bonnat.
Development and
performances
overview of
ammonia water
absorptionchillers
with cooling capacity
From 5 to 100kw.
They had improved the
performance by which
the cooling load is
decreased.
6. Kairouni & Nehdi. Energy conversation
and management.
The water is saved
nearly 16LPS (litre per
Second).
7. Chung-Neng Huang, Ying-
Han Ye.
Development of
water-mist cooling
system: A12500
kcal/hair cooled
chiller.
Developed a newly
supersonic mist-cooled
water chiller.

17
LITERATURE
8. F.W. YUA, K.T. Chanb,
R.K.Y.Sita.
Performance
evaluation of
oil-free chiller
for building
energy
performance
improvement.
They had investigated
how to improve the
energy performance of
central air-conditioning
by using oil free
Chillers.
9. Yingde Yin ,Dongsheng
Zhu,jinfi Sun
Experimental
investigation of
the evaporative
condensed
refrigeration
system by variant
heat transfer tube
types.
They represent a paper
in which an evaporating
condenser, where the
tubes present an
experimental
investigation of heat
transfer enhancementin
are remodelled with
round, elliptical and
twist types.
10. Fujen Wanga, Hungmen
Linb,Weida tub
Energy modelling
and chillers sizing
of the HVAC
system for a hotel
building.
They give the
validation of simulation
data and field
measurement data the
energy efficient chiller
sizing approach and be
obtained.
They revealed that of
energy saving of 10.5%
can be achieved by
optimizing the chiller
capacity sizing.
11. Martin Helm, Kilian
Pfeffer, Stefen Hiebler
Solar heating and
cooling system
with absorption
chiller and latent
heat storage
In this research project
a novel system concept
for solar heating and
cooling installation
comprising dry re-
cooled sorption chiller
and a new low-
temperature latent heat
storage had been
developed and tested

18
12 F.W. Yu K.T. Chan Improved condenser
design and condenser-fan
operating for air cooled
chillers.
This paper describes how
the cop ofthesechillers can
be improved by a new
condenser design, using
evaporative pre-coolers
and variable-speed
Fans.
13 Andrew Kusiak ,
Mingyang Li, Fan
Tang
Modelling and
optimization of HVAC
energy consumption and
work done by them.
A data-driven approachfor
minimization of the energy
to the air condition typical
office-type facility is
Presented.
14 Iain Stewart, Lu
Aye, F.Airah
Global optimization of
chiller sequencing and
load balancing using
shuffled
Complex evolution.
A new model has been
developed to optimize the
sequencing and load
balancing of chillers.
15 H.T.Chua, K.C.Ng,
A.Malek
Multi-bed regenerative
adsorption chiller -
improve the utilizationof
waste heat and reducing
the chilled Water outlet.
The present study has
demonstrated that it is
possible to improve the
recovery efficiency of low-
grade waste heat via a
multi-bed
Regenerative scheme.
16 Matthew W. Browne,
Pradeep K. Bansal,
Phd, P.E
Challenge in modelling
vapour-compression
liquid chilles.
This paper presents the
philosophy and challenges
in developing a simulation
of vapour-compression
refrigeration chillers. The
process involved reviewing
over 60 research papers on
both of the steady-stateand
transient models.

19
2.3 OUTCOME OF THE LITERATURE
 The outcome which is obtained from the literature review is mainly
focused onthe coefficient of performance and power consumption.
 In this literature review, it is mainly defining the variety ofrefrigerant used by
considering the effect of global warming and ozone depilation.
 By reducing the size of compressorhigher electricity consumption is
reducedby considering the fact that cooling will be not affected.
2.4 PROBLEM STATEMENT
 In massive cities most of the matter is related to the house and high
installation value of cooling appliances. Therefore these appliances are
unaffordable to the common people and middle-class families.
 The maintenance cost of these appliances is very high which makes them
unsuitable or we can say that unaffordable most of the times.
 This appliance consumes a large amount of water and electricity so for
reducing theuse of these main sources research involves the use of VCRs
system which includes eco- friendly refrigerant R134a in the cooler system.
 In many industries, the workers are working in an environment which
becomes worst for working because of lack of ventilation air and drinkable
water.
 The workers or labors have to travel more distance for drinking water which
consumes a lot of ideal time.
 In CNC machine during the manufacturing process, the tool gets heated up
due to continuous machining process so it is necessary to cool the machine
tool for a smooth manufacturing process.

20
2.5 AIM AND OBJECTIVES
2.5.1 AIM
 All above discussed issues may be overcome by creating a best optimumresolution
by a combination of air cooler and water chiller which may be obtainable at a low
value and additionally doesn't consume additional power than typical appliances.
 Due to its low maintenance cost,itcan beboughtfornormalpeople. Gives more
standard results than traditional cooling devices.
 Dual purposecan be served by using a combined system of air cooler and water cooler.
2.5.2 OBJECTIVES
 To construct and erect model of a combined system of Water chiller and Air
cooler.
 To measure temperature reading of the inlet and outlet of water and air.
 Calculate the coefficient of performance.
 Increase the cooling rate.
 Provide efficient cooling in a room with less moisture contens.

22
CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY
3.1 COMPONENTS
Figure 3.1 Condenser [4]
In systems involving heat transfer, a condenser may be a device or unit want to
condensea substance from its gaseous to its liquid state, by cooling it. In thus doing,
the heat is given up by the substanceand transferred to the encircling surroundings.
Condensers are created consistent with varied styles and are available in several
sizes starting from rather little (handheld) to terribly massive (industrial-scale units
utilized in plant processes).


23
 Specification of condenser
Height =24cm,
Length = 25.5cm,
Width = 4cm
Condenser Pipe =1cm,
No Coil Present In Condenser with IP/ OP Is 8.
Figure 3.2 Compressor [5]
A rotary compressoris a mechanical device that will increase the temperature and
pressure of a gas by reducing its volume. Compressors area unit just like pumps:
each increase the pressureona fluid and each will transportthe fluid through a pipe.
the mechanical device conjointly reduces the amount of gas. Liquids area unit
comparatively incompressible; whereas some may be compressed, the most active
of a pump is to pressurize and transportliquids.

16
The mechanical device is that the prime mover, it creates a pressure distinction to
move the refrigerant around the system. it's perpetually placed between the
evaporator and also the condenser.


 Specificationof compressor:
Operating temperature : 5.7 Ampere.
EER(Energy Efficient Ratio) :- 3.28 W/W.
Cooling Capacity :- 4200 Watts.
Power Requirements:- AC 230 V, 50 Hz,Single.
Power Input :- 1280 Watt
Model no: Mitsubishi Msz-Ef42 1.25 Ton .

17
Figure 3.3 Evaporative coil [6]
An evaporator is a device in a method want to turn the liquid form of a chemical
substance alike water into its gaseous-form vapor. The liquid is gaseous, or
volatilized, into a gas variety of the targeted substance in this method.
Vapor compression refrigeration systems coolvia a refrigeration cycle. The cycle
starts with a coolnonaggressive mixture of liquid & vapor refrigerant coming into
the excitation in the evaporator. Once within the excitation evaporator, it absorbs
the from the comparatively warm water or fluid that the excitation is cooling.
The evaporator coil is that a part of associate degree cooling system or apparatus
that absorbs the warmth from the air in your house. It’s settled within the air
handler or hooked up to the chamber.
 Specificationof Evaporative coil

18
Dimension of evaporator coil:
3/8 mm Nature: Rust proof
Strength: High tensile strength
A thermal expansion valve could be an element in refrigeration and air-
conditioning systems that controls the quantity of refrigerant discharged into the
evaporator thereby controlling superheat. Thermal expansion valves area unit
usually referred to generically as a metering device that is used for reducing the
pressure of the refrigerant R-22.
A thermal expansion valve could be a key part to a heat pump this can be the cycle
that creates, water cooling, possible.
Figure 3.4 Expansion Valve [7]

18
A basic refrigeration cycle consists of 4 major elements: a mechanical device, a
condenser, a metering device and an evaporator. As a refrigerant passes througha
circuit containing these four parts, air conditioning occurs. The cycle starts once
refrigerant enters the mechanical device in a very unaggressive, moderate-
temperature, gaseous type. The refrigerant is compressed by the mechanical
device to a hard-hitting and high-temperature gaseous state.
 Specificationof the thermal expansion valve
Type: Expansion Valve Material: Brass
Color: Golden and metallic copper

19
Figure 3.5 Refrigerant R-22 [8]
R-22 is additionally referred to as Chlorodifluoromethane from
the family of fluorocarbon refrigerant. With the invention of the
damaging impact of CFCs and HCFCs refrigerants to the layer, the
fluorocarbon family of refrigerant has been widely used as their
replacement.
It is currently getting used as a replacement for R-410a greenhouse emission
refrigerant within the spaceof centrifugal, rotary screw, scroll and reciprocator
compressors. it's safe for traditional handling because it is non-toxic, non-
flammable and non-corrosive.
Sr.no Properties R-22
1 Boiling point -40.8.10
C
2 Auto-ignition Temperature 14180
F or 7700
C
3 Ozone depletion level 0.05
4 Solubility in water 0.11% by weight at 770
F or 250
C
5 Critical temperature 96.20
C
6 Cylinder Color Code Light Green
7 Global Warming Potential
(GWP)
1500

20
Figure 3.6 Pressure gauge [9]
Pressure measurement is that the analysis of an applied force by a fluid (liquid or
gas) on a surface. The pressureis usually measured in units offorceperunit ofextent.
Several techniques are developed for the measuring of pressure and vacuum.
Instruments accustomed to living associated show pressure in an integral unit area
unit known as pressure gauges or vacuum gauges.
A pressure gage could be a deal because it uses a column of liquid to each live and
indicates pressure. Likewise, the wide used drone gauge could be a robot that each
measure and indicates and is perhaps the most effective glorious variety of gauge.
A gauge could be a gauge accustomed live pressures not up to the closeair pressure,
that is ready because of the numerical quantity, in negative values (e.g.:
−15 psi or −760 millimeter of Hg equals total vacuum). Most gauges live pressure
relative to air pressure because of the numerical quantity, therefore this type of
reading is solely brought up as "gauge pressure". However, something larger than
the total vacuum is technically a type of pressure.

21
Figure 3.7 Capillary tube [10]
The capillary tube is one of the foremost usually used throttling devices
within the refrigeration and therefore the air conditioning systems. The
capillary tube could be a coppertube of very tiny internal diameter. It's of
very long length and it's twisted to many turns in orderthat it'd occupyless
house.
The inner diameter of the tube used for the refrigeration and air-con
applications varies from zero.5 to 2.28 mm (0.020 to 0.09inches). Tube
used becauseof the strangulation device within the domestic refrigerators,
deep freezers, water coolers and air conditioners.
Capillary action (sometimes capillary action, capillary motion, capillary
result, or wicking) is that the ability of a liquid to flow in slender areas
while not the help of or perhaps con too, external forces like gravity.
 Specificationof the capillary tube
Single Piece Length :-3 Meter.
Size/Diameter :-84" x 0.125" x 0.125".
Material :- copper.

22
Figure 3.8 Evaporative fan [11]
A cooling system might be a device that cools air through the evaporation of
water. Natural action cooling differs fromtypical air-con systems that use vapour-
compression or absorption refrigeration cycles. Natural action cooling uses the
particular incontrovertible factthat water will absorb arelatively great deal of heat
therefore on evaporate (that is, its associate degree outsized heat content of
vaporization). Thetemperature ofdry air is born significantly through the activity
of liquid water to vapor (evaporation). This might coolair victimization plentiful
less energy than refrigeration. In terribly dry climates, natural action cooling of
air has further extent good thing about learning the air with additional status for
the comfort for the physical environment of the worker and the provide the good
comfort condition.
The cooling potential for natural action cooling depends on the wet-bulb
depression, the excellence between dry-bulb temperature and wet-bulb
temperature (see relative humidity). In arid climates, natural action cooling can
cut back energy consumption associate degreed total instrumentality for learning
as an alternate to compressor-based cooling.
 Specification
Blade=230diameter,
Angle=22degree.

23
Figure 3.9 Water filter [12]
The water filter is used in our combined system removes impurities by lowering
contamination of water using a fine physical barrier, a chemical process orbybiological
process. This filter cleanses water to a different extent for purposes such as providing
water for drinking purpose, irrigation, public and private aquariums and the safe use of
water in ponds and swimming pools.
This water filter uses sieving, absorptions ion exchanges and another process to remove
unwanted substances fromwater, unlike a sieve orscreen a filter can potentially remove
particles much smaller than the holes through which the water passes.

24
Figure 3.10 Exhaust fan [13]
An exhaust fan system provides a number of benefits, including the purifying of air
from pollution and excessive heat. Here's everything you need to know about the
operation of a basic exhaust fan.
As the fan’s motorruns, the blades will start to turn. The rotation ofthe blades causes the
hot air in the room to be pulled towards the fan and sort of absorbed. This hot air is
released outside and in turn cooler and fresher air will start to fill the room. This flow of
current will also reduce stagnation of air and is especially important and useful in rooms
or areas that lack appropriateventilation.
 Specification
Blade size: 230 mm
Air flow rate: 510 cfm(cubic feet per minute)
Speed:1350 RPM
Sweep size: 230 mm
Capacity: 230 watt

25
3ft
3.2 ISOMETRIC VIEW OF OUR MODEL
Air cooler 3ft Water
cooler
4ft
Chiller System Filter
System
Figure 3.11 Isometric View of Our Model

26
3.3 WORKING PRINCIPLE
 The working of vapour compressionrefrigerationsystem(VCRs) for cooling of
water.
Figure 3.12 Vapor Compression Refrigeration Cycle [12]
The vapour compression refrigeration system is the most popular and wide
utilized in refrige1ration and air conditioning for each industrial and industrial
application. it's usually used for all purpose from a tiny low domestic white
goods to a giant industrial air con plant.
From evaporator once gaining the warmth the refrigerant convert into wet
vapour at air mass and temperature and goes into the mechanical device
wherever its temperature pressure will increase then it transfers into the
condenser (heat exchanger) wherever its temperature drops and pressure
remains constant then once it goes into growth valve wherever its pressure
reduces and refrigerant is born-again into the liquid state.

27
 The working of air coolerusedfor cooling the air
Figure 3.13 Principle of air cooler[13]
The principle on that the air-cooler works is as follows- Water, once evaporates it
desires heat referred toas'latent heat ofevaporation'. Within thecooler,thewater that's
sprayed over thepads once evaporates takes the desired heat of transformation from
the part air close them that on losing so the area temperature drops creating the
ambience within comfy. Its heat cools down. air is blown within the area by the fan
fitted on the cooler.
The main components of the cooler are 1) Fan 2) Pump with water distribution
versatile pipelines 3) Porous pads unremarkably fabricated from special grass or
shavings ofartificial material and a boxfabricated from steel sheets onthat the higher
than mentioned things are mounted firmly. This lower a part of the box additionally
is a cistern of the cooler. The cooler works terribly effectively once the climatic
conditions are hot and dry.
In the wet condition, it's not effective. the explanation is in wet condition there's
very little or no water evaporation from the cooler's pad as a result of the
encompassing air is usually saturated with wet that doesn'tenable more evaporation
of water from pad surfaces leading to abundant less loss of warmth of the
encompassing air thus much no cooling within the area the cooler is serving.

28
 Working of the combined system of air cooler and water chiller
Figure 3.14 Combined Systemof Air Coolerand WaterChiller
When the compressor is switch on refrigerant is compressed and its pressure and
temperature increase and then it goes into the condenser.
Then in the condenser, the refrigerant loses its heat and its temperature but the
pressureremains constant then it flows to the cooling coil through an expansion valve
where the temperature and pressure both reduced.
The water in the tank gets cooled by the cooling coil by absorbing the latent heat of
the water. Now, this cooled water is used for cooling the tool of CNC machine,
drinking purpose etc.
Here the cooling coil is extended up to air cooler section where the moisture from
the cooling coil is mixed with air by which we get cooled air

29
 Some of the images of our projectmodel are as shown below
Figure 3.15 Arrangementof Condenser, Compressorand Water Storage Tank.
Figure 3.16 The formation of ice started at outside of WaterStorage Tank and
Fan.
Figure 3.17 Final compacted Model.

30
 Advantage
1.) It is less hazardous.
2.) It can perform multiple operations.
3.) It can sustain a large temperature
difference. 4.) It reduces the
compressorload.
5.) It is very costeffective.
 Disadvantages
1.) The initial costis high.
2.) It required scheduled maintenance.
3.) There may be chances of leakage of water
from the tank. 4.) There may be a chance of
leakage of the refrigerant.
 Applications
1.) Hospitals.
2.) Manufacturing Firms.
3.) Ceremony halls.
4.) Collage.
5.) Workshop.
6.) Seminar halls.
7.) Cinema
halls or malls.
8.) Banks.
9.) Public places.
10.) Canteen.

31
CALCULATION AND GRAPH
CHAPTER 4
RESULT & DISCUSSION
4.1 Assumptions
 Condenser temperature remains constant.
 Evaporator temperature is not affected by ambient air.
 No intercooler, subcooling, superheating.
4.2 Observation
Te = Evaporator temperature.
Tc = Condenser temperature.
P 1 = Pressure at the inlet of Compressor.
P 2 = Pressure at the outlet of Compressor.
h1 = Specific enthalpy at inlet in compressor (kj/kg).
h2 = Specific enthalpy at exit of compressor ( kj/kg).
h3 = Specific enthalpy at inlet of evaporator (kj/kg).
h4 = Specific enthalpy at the exit of Evaporator (kj/kg).
v1 = Specific volume (m3
/kg).
 Data table from a graph
Te Tc P
1
P2 h1 h2 h3 h4 v1
0⁰ c 40⁰ c 5bar 15bar 400 415 250 250 0.050

32

 Graph
 As we used R22 refrigerant so byplotting the observation data fromthe
model.
 This graph represents specific enthalpy vs absolute pressure.
Figure 4.1 Freon R22

34
4.3 Processes
1) In compressor(during process 1-2 isentropic compression)
 Inlet is low pressure: low temperature saturated vapour
 The outlet is high pressure, high temperature saturated vapour
2) In condenser (during process 2-3: Isobaric heat rejection)
 Inlet is high pressure, high temperature, saturated vapour.
 Outlet, low temperature saturated liquid is high pressure, low
temperature saturated vapour.
3) In expansion device (during process 3-4: isentropic expansion)
 Inlet is high pressure, low temperature saturated liquid.
 The outlet is low pressure, low temperature saturated liquid and vapour mix.
4) In evaporator (during process 4-1: Isobaric and Isothermal heat extraction)
 Inlet is low pressure: low temperature saturates liquid and vapour.
 The outlet is low-pressure low temperature saturated vapour.
4.4 Calculation
1) Mass flow rate (ṁ)= Given refrigeration effect / calculated refrigeration effect
210= =
= 400  250 kg/mm = 1.4 kg/min/TR
2) Piston displacement per TR using volumetric efficiency = 80% (Vp)
= ṁ x V1 / Ƞv
1.4 0.050
= 0.8
= 0.0875 m3
/min/TR

35
3) Heat dissipation in the condenser per TR (QR)
= ṁ(h2-h3)
= 1.4(415-250)
= 231 kj/min/TR
4) Work Done by Compressor(Wc)
 h2-h1
= 415 − 400
= 415 𝐾j/𝐾𝑔
5) Refrigeration Effect
= h1-h4 kj/kg
= (400 − 250)
= 150 𝐾j/𝐾𝑔
6) Coefficient of performance
= h1-h3/h2-h1
=
400−250
450−400
=
150
50
COP = 3
4.5 Power Consumption
Power consumption of air cooler and water chiller;
In this system three parts have consumed electricity; these are as follow;
Compressor, Inside motor (for evaporator fan), Outside motor (for
condenserfan);
Compressor=3.5
KW; Cooler fan

36
motor =250 Watts
Condenser fan motor =250 Watts Overall
Overall consumption = compressor+ cooling fan + exhaust fan
=3500+230+230
=3960Watts (approx.)
4.6 Result
Hence from the above calculations, the coefficient of performance comes out
to be
7.5. Higher compatibility and portability are achieved which is more
efficient than other cooling units.

37
CHAPTER 5
CONCLUSION & SCOPE FOR FUTURE WORK
5.1 Conclusion
This project is very cheap and effective as compared with the conventional cooler
and water chiller system as it based on VCRs system. It has very low power
consumption which ultimately increases the cop of the system and increases the
cooling effect (refrigeration effect) of the system.
It is portable and it has a very low effect on the environment as it saves electricity
and water. One-time Installation procedure. The concept is very cost effective as
compared to air cooler and water chiller. It is very energy effective system.
5.2 Future Scope
1) This Combined system of air cooler and water chiller can be operated with
the help of renewable energy resource like (Solar energy).
2) This system can be used as cold storage for preservation of food and medicine etc.
3) We can install many other systems like Tea maker and Coffee maker
machine in this system.
4) Effective use of solar energy can be provided to combine a system of air
cooler and water cwhiller such that renewable energy used in place of
conventional energy (electricity).
5) Compactdesign can reduce the costby affecting its capacity.
6) The automatic operating circuit can be used for getting optimum
result withbetter controland less consumption of electricity.

38
REFERENCES
 Reference
[1] https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-d&q=water+chiller [1]
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