The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1981 provides the legal framework for regulating air pollution in India. It established the Central Pollution Control Board and State Pollution Control Boards to coordinate efforts for preventing and controlling air pollution. The Act defines air pollutants and gives the boards powers to set emission standards for industries. It aims to maintain good air quality by providing measures for preventing, controlling, and reducing air pollution from both natural and man-made sources. Violators are subject to penalties for emitting pollutants above the prescribed standards.
Background, Legislative Intent, Article 253 of Indian Constitution, International Obligations, Scope & Object of the Act, Definitions, Bodies Constituted under the Act for enforcement, Functions & Powers & Duties of Central & State Board, Powers of the State & Central, Responsibility of PERSONS,
Water (prevention and control of pollution) act, 1974SURYAKANTVERMA2
AnActtoprovideforthepreventionandcontrolofwaterpollutionandthemaintainingorrestoringofwholesomenessofwater,for the establishment, with a view to carrying out the purposes aforesaid, of Boards for the prevention and control of water pollution,forconferringonandassigningtosuchBoardspowersandfunctionsrelatingtheretoandformattersconnectedtherewith.
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Background, Legislative Intent, Article 253 of Indian Constitution, International Obligations, Scope & Object of the Act, Definitions, Bodies Constituted under the Act for enforcement, Functions & Powers & Duties of Central & State Board, Powers of the State & Central, Responsibility of PERSONS,
Water (prevention and control of pollution) act, 1974SURYAKANTVERMA2
AnActtoprovideforthepreventionandcontrolofwaterpollutionandthemaintainingorrestoringofwholesomenessofwater,for the establishment, with a view to carrying out the purposes aforesaid, of Boards for the prevention and control of water pollution,forconferringonandassigningtosuchBoardspowersandfunctionsrelatingtheretoandformattersconnectedtherewith.
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The need for protection and conservation of environment and sustainable use of natural resources is reflected in the constitutional framework of India and also in the international commitments of India. The Constitution under Part IVA (Art 51A-Fundamental Duties) casts a duty on every citizen of India to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wildlife, and to have compassion for living creatures. Further, the Constitution of India under Part IV (Art 48A-Directive Principles of State Policies) stipulates that the State shall endeavour to protect and improve the environment and to safeguard the forests and wildlife of the country.
Regulation and policy incentives for innovations in industrial effluents mana...ILRI
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"Explore vital environmental treaties like the Paris Agreement and Kyoto Protocol alongside significant national legislation such as the Clean Air Act. Highlight recent advancements and emphasize global cooperation for sustainable environmental stewardship in a dynamic and interconnected world."
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ACT (EPA)
1. INTRODUCTION
2. SCOPE AND COMMENCEMENT OF THE ACT
3. OBJECTIVES
4. POWER OF THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT FOR MEASURES TO PROTECT AND IMPROVE THE ENVIRONMENT
5. POWER TO GIVE DIRECTION
6. THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION RULES, 1986
7. PREVENTION, ABATEMENT AND CONTROL OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
8. PROCEDURE FOR LEGAL PROCEEDING UNDER THE ACT
9. PENALTY FOR CONTRAVENTION OF RULES AND ORDERS OF THIS ACT
10. OFFENCES BY THE COMPANIES AND THE GOVERNMENTAL DEPARTMENTS
11. OFFENCES BY THE COMPANIES AND THE GOVERNMENTAL DEPARTMENTS
12. WHO CAN MAKE A COMPLAINT?
13. BARS TO JURISDICTION
14. CONCLUSION
LIVING WITH THE EARTHObjectives for this C.docxcroysierkathey
LIVING WITH THE EARTH
Objectives for this Chapter
A student reading this chapter will be able to:
1. Discuss how a law is made and describe the system of environmental laws.
2. List and describe the major components of the major federal environmental laws including: RCRA, CERCLA, EPCRA,SARA Title III, Pollution Prevention Act, CAA, CWA, SDWA, stormwater regulations, pesticide regulations, and underground storage tank regulations.
Objectives for this Chapter
A student reading this chapter will be able to:
3. Describe and discuss the major components of environmental compliance.
The Making of a LawBill is first introduced into house and senate;Referred to subcommittee for review and support;90% fail at this levelRecommended bills are brought forward for hearings and comment;Committee meets to mark up (discuss) bill and vote on it;If still found favorable, bill is sent to full chamber;
The Making of a Law (cont.)The bill is then sent to the Rules committee of House where a time limit is set for debate and other rules are set.The bill is also sent to the Senate where unrelated riders may be attached to a popular bill.House and Senate usually make changes in the bill before passing, and the different versions are sent to a conference committee for resolution.
SENATE
HOUSE
Rules committee
Senate version
House version
CONFERENCE COMMITTEE
BILL
BILL
BILL
The Making of a Law (cont.)If a resolution is accepted and the same version is approved by both House and Senate, the bill moves forward to the President who may sign or veto it.Congress can override a veto by 2/3rds majority, but this is difficult to do.
CONFERENCE COMMITTEE
SENATE
HOUSE
If both Chambers approve final version, the bill is sent forward to the president
Veto?
Sign?
PRESIDENT
BILL
Common Themes Among Environmental LawsEIGHT GENERIC COMPLIANCE OBLIGATIONS1. Notification requirements2. Discharge or waste controls3. Process controls and pollution prevention4. Product controls5. Regulation of activities6. Safe transportation requirements7. Response and remediation requirements8. Compensation requirements
Environmental Laws are Part of a SystemENVIRONMENTAL LAW ENCOMPASSES ALL THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION THAT COMES FROM:U.S. CONSTITUTION AND STATE CONSTITUTIONSFEDERAL AND STATE STATUTES AND LOCAL ORDINANCESREGULATIONS PUBLISHED BY FEDERAL, STATE AND LOCAL AGENCIESPRESIDENTIAL EXECUTIVE ORDERSCOURT DECISIONS INTERPRETING THESE LAWSTHE COMMON LAW
Executive OrdersThese are orders issued by the president and require federal facilities to comply and provide leadership in protecting the environment. More than 18 executive orders have been issued since 1970.
Common LawA body of rules and principles that pertain to the government and the security of persons and property.Basic rules originally developed in England and then brought to American Colonies.
Under Common LawTortA private wrong or wrongful act for which the injured party c ...
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The Cherry Blossom season in Hunza begins in the second week of March and lasts until the end of April, varying with altitude. During this enchanting period, tourists from around the world flock to Hunza Valley to witness its transformation into a vibrant tapestry of white, pink, and green. The valley comes alive with cherry blossoms, creating a picturesque and mesmerizing landscape that captivates visitors.
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The Cherry Blossom season in Hunza starts in the second week of March and extends until the end of April, depending on the altitude. During this enchanting period, tourists from around the globe travel to Hunza Valley to witness its transformation into a vibrant tapestry of white, pink, and green. The valley comes alive with cherry blossoms, creating a picturesque and mesmerizing landscape that captivates all who visit. For the best experience, join Hunza Adventure Tours, the top tour company in Pakistan, and immerse yourself in this breathtaking seasonal spectacle.
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Its running cost is among the diverse vital aspects you must consider before buying an electric scooter. Calculate the cost of getting e-scooter charge for your regular usage to calculate its economic efficiency, similar to people who investigate the mileage of petrol or diesel-driven scooters.
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Select from various trekking routes tailored to different skill levels and durations.
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Embark on guided nature walks to spot diverse wildlife, including primates, birds, and endemic plant species.
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Support conservation efforts by adhering to park regulations and practicing responsible tourism.
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2. What is Air pollution?
2
Air pollution refers to the release of pollutants into the air
that are detrimental to human health and the planet as a
whole.
It is an undesirable change in the physical, chemical or
biological characteristics of air.
Sources of Air Pollution are:-
Man-made
Natural
4. Air Pollution Control Acts
4 10-07-21
1948:-Factories Act and Amendment in 1987.
1981:-Air(Prevention and Control of Pollution)Act.
1982:-Air(Prevention and Control of
Pollution)Rules.
1982:-Atomic Energy Act.
1987:-Air(Prevention
Pollution)AmendmentAct.
1988:-Motor VehicleAct.
And Control of
5. The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act,
1981
5 10-07-21
The Air(Prevention and Control of Pollution)Act,
1981 is a central Act of Parliament, which provides
for the prevention and control of air pollution and
maintaining the good quality of air.
It also provided for the establishment of the Central
and State Boards for the Prevention and Control of
Air Pollution.
It is applicable to whole of India except Jammu and
Kashmir.
6. Objective
6 10-07-21
To provide for the prevention, control and abatement
of air pollution.
To provide for the establishment of central and state
board with a view to implement the Act.
To confer on the boards the power to implement the
provisions of the Act and assign to the boards
functions relating to pollution.
7. Definition Under the Air Act
“Air Pollutant” means any solid, liquid or gaseous
substance(including noise) present in the
atmosphere in such concentration as may be or tend
to be injurious to
creatures or
human beings or other
plants or property
living
or
environment.(Sec.2(a))
“Air Pollutant” means the presence in the
atmosphere of any air.(Sec.(b))
“Board” means the Central andState Board.(Sec.2(f))
“Member” means a member of the Central Board or a
State Board, as the case may be, and includes the
7 Chairman thereof.(Sec.2(l))
10-07-21
8. Central Pollution Control Board
Central Pollution Control Board constituted under
sec.3 of the Water Prevention and Control Act,1974
was authorized to exercise the powers and performs
the functions for the prevention and control of air
pollution.(CPCB) of India is a statutory organisation
under the Ministry of Environment, Forest and
Climate Change. It serves as a field formation and
provide technical and financial services.
10-07-21
8
9. The functions of Central Board under the Air
Act
The main functions of the Central Board, as specified in
Section 16 of the Act, shall be:-
Advise the Central Government on any matter concerning
the improvement of the quality of air and the prevention,
control of abatement of air pollution.
Plan and cause to be executed a nation-wide programme
for the prevention and control of air pollution.
Coordinate the activities of the State Boards and resolve
dispute among them.
Provide technical assistance and guidance to the State
Boards.
Collect, compile and publish technical and statistical data
relating to air pollution and measures devised for its
10-07-21
9
effective prevention and control.
10. State Pollution Control Board
SPCB is constituted under section
Prevention And Control of Pollution
4 of Water
was also
authorized to exercise the powers and performs the
functions for the prevention and control of air
pollution. Like CPCB it is also responsible for the
implementation of legislation relating to prevention
and control of environmental pollution but their
powers and functions are different.
10-07-21
10
11. The functions of State Boards under the Air
Act
The functions of the State Board, as specified in
Sec.17,shall be:-
To advise the State Government on any matter
concerning the prevention, control or abatement of air
pollution.
To collaborate with the Central Board in organising the
training of persons engaged or to be engaged in
programmes relating to prevention and control of air
pollution and to provide mass education programmer
relating thereof.
To advise the State Government with respect to the
suitability of any premises or location for carrying on any
industry which is likely to cause air pollution.
To provide various standards for the emissions of different
industrial plants with regard to quantify and composition
of
1
e
1
mission of air pollutant into the atmospher
e
12. Penalties
The persons managing industry are to be penalized
if they produce emissions of air pollutants in excess
of the standards laid down by the State Board.
Whoever is founded to be work against the clauses
of the Act or any order or direction issued is
punishable with Rs.10,000 in case of three months
and if in case offence is continue then extra
Rs.5000 is charged for everyday.
10-07-21
12