AIDS
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AIDS is caused by the HIV virus which was first transmitted to humans from chimpanzees. It was first reported in Los Angeles in 1981 and primarily affected homosexual men by destroying the immune system, specifically CD4 cells. A diagnosis is made through ELISA testing and the results are kept confidential. Common symptoms include fevers, chills, sweats, swollen glands, weakness and weight loss. While there is no cure for AIDS, antiretroviral therapy can help increase immunity.
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Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a rare disorder where the immune system damages nerve cells, causing muscle weakness and sometimes paralysis. Early symptoms include tingling and weakness in the extremities. While most people recover fully, some have long-term nerve damage. GBS is triggered by infections and affects people of all ages. Treatment involves plasma exchange or immunoglobulin therapy to reduce severity and speed recovery.
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HIV attacks the immune system, making the body susceptible to diseases. Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is caused by HIV infection and is characterized by decreased immunity. HIV can be transmitted sexually or through contact with infected blood or from mother to child during pregnancy or birth. Common early symptoms include fatigue, fever, weight loss, swollen glands and sores. While there is no vaccine or cure for HIV/AIDS, transmission can be prevented by practicing safe sex, not sharing needles, and mothers avoiding transmission to children during pregnancy and birth.
Aids and hepatits
This document discusses HIV, AIDS, and hepatitis, their significance in oral and maxillofacial surgery, transmission, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. It begins by defining HIV and AIDS, describing how HIV compromises the immune system and causes AIDS. It then covers the structure and life cycle of HIV, how it enters host cells, and the pathogenesis of HIV infection. The document discusses clinical features of HIV/AIDS including opportunistic infections, oral manifestations, and laboratory diagnosis methods. It outlines treatment using antiretroviral drugs and management of opportunistic infections, as well as immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). The classification, prevention, and infection control related to hepatitis is also covered.
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Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
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Recomendamos muito.
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Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
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8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
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2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
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4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
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AIDS
- 1. AIDS