1. The document discusses the global food situation and calls for increased investment in agricultural productivity through a global R&D initiative.
2. Rising incomes, biofuel production, and lack of technology have contributed to an imbalance in the world food equation and rising food prices.
3. Unsustainable agricultural practices pose risks to water resources, soils, biodiversity, and climate change. Hunger and poverty remain problems.
Livestock in a Changing Landscape. Overview of Key Issues, Drivers, Consequen...copppldsecretariat
Presentation from the Livestock Inter-Agency Donor Group (IADG) Meeting 2010. 4-5 May 2010 Italy, Rome IFAD Headquarters.
The event involved approximately 45 representatives from the international partner agencies to discuss critical needs for livestock development and research issues for the coming decade.
[ Originally posted on http://www.cop-ppld.net/cop_knowledge_base ]
Mike Bushell - Threats to Food Security and Food Chain Livelihoods from Weeds...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
Global population growth and changes in diets are increasing demand for food. Weeds, pests and diseases cause major crop losses and threaten food security. Crop protection products have helped increase yields and meet rising demand, but new issues are emerging. Integrated approaches including chemicals, cultural practices and biological controls are needed to sustainably intensify agriculture and ensure adequate, safe and nutritious food supplies.
1) Food prices in Ethiopia have been rising, driven by increases in global food prices as well as domestic factors. Cereals make up a large portion of household expenditures and the Ethiopian economy.
2) The prices of major cereals like teff, wheat, maize, and sorghum in Addis Ababa have generally been increasing in nominal terms since the late 2000s. Food inflation has outpaced general inflation.
3) The causes of rising food prices in Ethiopia include high domestic demand, expansionary monetary policy, shifts from food aid to cash transfers, infrastructure investments, overall inflation, and increasing global commodity and oil prices. Tight links exist between Ethiopian and international cereal markets
Use of Micro and Macro Frameworks in Estimating
Poverty Implications of Changes in Food Prices
Presented by Maros Ivanic at the AGRODEP Workshop on Analytical Tools for Food Prices and Price Volatility
June 6-7, 2011 • Dakar, Senegal
For more information on the workshop or to see the latest version of this presentation visit: http://www.agrodep.org/first-annual-workshop
By Kathleen Flaherty.
Presented at the ASTI-FARA conference Agricultural R&D: Investing in Africa's Future: Analyzing Trends, Challenges, and Opportunities - Accra, Ghana on December 5-7, 2011. http://www.asti.cgiar.org/2011conf
- The company reported consolidated results for the second quarter of 2011, with gross revenue of R$220.7 million, a 10.5% increase over the previous quarter. However, net revenue declined 2.6% to R$199.7 million.
- Cost of goods sold increased 6.3% to R$207.9 million, leading to a 96.9% drop in gross profit to R$693,000. Despite a 1247% increase in financial results, the company reported a net income of R$2.86 million, compared to a net loss of R$865,000 in the previous quarter.
- Soybean meal accounted for 47% of cost of goods sold, while
This document summarizes a presentation on confronting high food prices. It discusses how food prices have risen to unusual levels due to factors like increasing incomes, biofuels production, slowing agricultural growth, and speculation. This has negatively impacted the poor. While globalization and reduced distortions have helped in the past, rising protectionism in response to high prices threatens to undermine trade and harm consumers. The presentation argues for new institutional arrangements to better handle food price volatility and its effects.
Food and Financial Crises:Implications for Agriculture and the PoorJoachim von Braun
This document summarizes a presentation on the implications of the food and financial crises. It discusses how the financial crisis may negatively impact agriculture and the poor through reduced investment, employment, and policy attention. It presents scenarios showing rising food prices and malnutrition under recession conditions. It recommends priorities for action including increasing agricultural R&D, reducing food market volatility, and expanding social protection programs and nutrition action.
Livestock in a Changing Landscape. Overview of Key Issues, Drivers, Consequen...copppldsecretariat
Presentation from the Livestock Inter-Agency Donor Group (IADG) Meeting 2010. 4-5 May 2010 Italy, Rome IFAD Headquarters.
The event involved approximately 45 representatives from the international partner agencies to discuss critical needs for livestock development and research issues for the coming decade.
[ Originally posted on http://www.cop-ppld.net/cop_knowledge_base ]
Mike Bushell - Threats to Food Security and Food Chain Livelihoods from Weeds...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
Global population growth and changes in diets are increasing demand for food. Weeds, pests and diseases cause major crop losses and threaten food security. Crop protection products have helped increase yields and meet rising demand, but new issues are emerging. Integrated approaches including chemicals, cultural practices and biological controls are needed to sustainably intensify agriculture and ensure adequate, safe and nutritious food supplies.
1) Food prices in Ethiopia have been rising, driven by increases in global food prices as well as domestic factors. Cereals make up a large portion of household expenditures and the Ethiopian economy.
2) The prices of major cereals like teff, wheat, maize, and sorghum in Addis Ababa have generally been increasing in nominal terms since the late 2000s. Food inflation has outpaced general inflation.
3) The causes of rising food prices in Ethiopia include high domestic demand, expansionary monetary policy, shifts from food aid to cash transfers, infrastructure investments, overall inflation, and increasing global commodity and oil prices. Tight links exist between Ethiopian and international cereal markets
Use of Micro and Macro Frameworks in Estimating
Poverty Implications of Changes in Food Prices
Presented by Maros Ivanic at the AGRODEP Workshop on Analytical Tools for Food Prices and Price Volatility
June 6-7, 2011 • Dakar, Senegal
For more information on the workshop or to see the latest version of this presentation visit: http://www.agrodep.org/first-annual-workshop
By Kathleen Flaherty.
Presented at the ASTI-FARA conference Agricultural R&D: Investing in Africa's Future: Analyzing Trends, Challenges, and Opportunities - Accra, Ghana on December 5-7, 2011. http://www.asti.cgiar.org/2011conf
- The company reported consolidated results for the second quarter of 2011, with gross revenue of R$220.7 million, a 10.5% increase over the previous quarter. However, net revenue declined 2.6% to R$199.7 million.
- Cost of goods sold increased 6.3% to R$207.9 million, leading to a 96.9% drop in gross profit to R$693,000. Despite a 1247% increase in financial results, the company reported a net income of R$2.86 million, compared to a net loss of R$865,000 in the previous quarter.
- Soybean meal accounted for 47% of cost of goods sold, while
This document summarizes a presentation on confronting high food prices. It discusses how food prices have risen to unusual levels due to factors like increasing incomes, biofuels production, slowing agricultural growth, and speculation. This has negatively impacted the poor. While globalization and reduced distortions have helped in the past, rising protectionism in response to high prices threatens to undermine trade and harm consumers. The presentation argues for new institutional arrangements to better handle food price volatility and its effects.
Food and Financial Crises:Implications for Agriculture and the PoorJoachim von Braun
This document summarizes a presentation on the implications of the food and financial crises. It discusses how the financial crisis may negatively impact agriculture and the poor through reduced investment, employment, and policy attention. It presents scenarios showing rising food prices and malnutrition under recession conditions. It recommends priorities for action including increasing agricultural R&D, reducing food market volatility, and expanding social protection programs and nutrition action.
This document summarizes a presentation given at the 2012 China Agribusiness and Food Safety Investment Summit in Beijing. It discusses trends in China's agricultural industry and food supply chain, including increasing consolidation and mechanization of pork slaughter, changes in farm structure driven by land constraints, and shifting demographics and demand trends. It also notes the challenges around balancing supply chain risks and capitalization needs as China's food system modernizes.
This document provides an agenda and overview of Brasil Ecodiesel's presentation of its 4Q07 and 2007 financial and operational results. It includes discussions of:
- The positive Brazilian economic scenario in 2007
- Growth in the Brazilian biodiesel market and Brasil Ecodiesel's increasing market share
- Expansion of Brasil Ecodiesel's production capacity and sales volumes
- Financial performance results including revenues, expenses, losses, and cash position
- Brasil Ecodiesel stock performance on the capital markets
- Subsequent events including new ANP auctions and a Petrobras auction
This document provides an overview of Indonesia's agricultural sector development from 1961 to 2001 and beyond. It analyzes growth in output, inputs, and total factor productivity during different periods. The Old Order era from 1961-1965 saw a focus on machinery expansion that did not lead to steady growth. The New Order era from 1966-1998 brought government intervention and 5-year plans that supported steady input and output increases. The reform era saw a drop in inputs and productivity during the financial crisis of 1999-2001 but efforts to stabilize the economy and support farmers. Productivity reached record highs after 2003.
1) The document discusses global food security and agricultural productivity trends from 1950-2050.
2) It notes that from 1950-2000, called the "Age of Abundance", global food supply grew faster than demand, keeping prices low due to steady productivity gains.
3) Looking ahead to 2050, it estimates global food demand will need to increase 1.3% annually, and questions whether productivity can continue growing fast enough to meet this demand sustainably.
Weather Catastrophes In China 1980–2010douglasruml
The document analyzes weather catastrophes in China from 1980 to 2010. It shows that the number of catastrophes has increased each decade. The most costly events were major floods along rivers like the Yangtze in 1998 which caused $30.7 billion in damages. Typhoons and floods have caused the most fatalities, with floods in 1991 leading to over 2,600 deaths. Hydrological events like floods have accounted for over half of the fatalities and economic losses in China during this period.
1) The production of maize has increased dramatically in southern Bangladesh over the past decade, while acreage of pulses has declined significantly.
2) Technology adoption has been higher for maize compared to pulses, resulting in greater fertilizer and pesticide use for maize.
3) Consumption of pulses, an important and affordable source of protein, remains below recommended levels in Bangladesh. Pulse producers and consumers have higher protein intake compared to producers and consumers of maize.
4) Research, extension, and market support are needed to promote the production and consumption of pulses and diversify cropping patterns away from a cereal-focused system.
The document summarizes Eletropaulo's first quarter 2003 results. It provides an overview of the company, noting it is Brazil's largest electricity distributor serving over 5 million consumers. It reviews the energy distribution market and Eletropaulo's operational performance, including increased consumption and changes in consumer profiles. Financial indicators and the regulatory scenario are also examined.
By David J. Spielman, Fatima Zaidi, and Kathleen Flaherty. Presented at the ASTI-FARA conference Agricultural R&D: Investing in Africa's Future: Analyzing Trends, Challenges, and Opportunities - Accra, Ghana on December 5-7, 2011. http://www.asti.cgiar.org/2011conf
A spatial analysis: creating similarity domains for targeted research sites i...Joanna Hicks
This spatial analysis was commissioned by ACIAR to develop similarity domains for targeted research sites in Zimbabwe based on climate, production, market access, and population data. The objectives were to enhance adoption of farming technologies and assist funding bodies to target high-impact regions. Climate, soil, population, and other data layers were overlaid to create six similarity domains centered around existing research sites. Agricultural potential analysis showed a large yield gap between current low-input yields and simulated high-input yields across all domains, indicating room for improvement through investments and interventions.
The document discusses the challenges facing the livestock sector in the coming decades due to population growth, increasing demand for meat and dairy, and constraints on land and water availability. It argues that efficiency gains are key to ensuring sustainable growth in the sector. Intensifying production through improved technologies and management can boost output while reducing environmental impacts. There are opportunities to close efficiency gaps, enhance grassland management, and reduce waste discharge to build a more sustainable livestock sector. Collaboration across actors will be important to optimize these opportunities.
A one-day Strategic Foresight Conference took place at IFPRI Headquarters in Washington DC on November 7, 2014. Participants from leading global modeling groups, collaborating CGIAR centers and research programs, and other partners reviewed new long-term projections for global agriculture from IFPRI and other leading institutions, examined the potential impacts of climate change and other key challenges, and discussed the role of foresight work in identifying and supporting promising solutions.
Topics included:
Long-term outlook and challenges for food & agriculture
Addressing the challenges
Foresight in the CGIAR
Webcast video of morning sessions available on Global Futures program website here: http://globalfutures.cgiar.org/2014/11/03/global-futures-strategic-foresight-conference/
This document summarizes a presentation by Joachim von Braun on the world food situation. It discusses several key drivers changing the global food equation, including income growth, climate change, urbanization, and the rise of biofuels. It notes that higher and more volatile food prices impact the poor globally. The presentation calls for pro-poor policies like open trade, increased agricultural productivity, and aid to address food insecurity.
John Michael Staatz - Agricultural price volatility: causes, impacts & policy...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
This document summarizes a presentation on agricultural price volatility. It discusses the causes of volatility, including supply and demand shocks as well as government trade policies. On the supply side, weather events, low stock levels, and trade restrictions can exacerbate volatility. Rising incomes have made demand more inelastic. The presentation also outlines actions that could help reduce volatility, such as reducing trade barriers and improving market information.
1) Global agricultural prospects are good with higher average prices, increasing production, and expanding trade expected over the next decade.
2) However, rising production costs due to increasing input prices, greater market and price volatility, and constraints on water and other resources pose challenges.
3) Agricultural productivity growth, which is essential to meeting rising global food demand, is projected to slow compared to the previous decade due to these factors. Governments and policies can help address these issues through investments in innovation, sustainability, and risk management programs.
The production and consumption of livestock products in developing countries:...ILRI
Presented by Nancy Johnson, Jimmy Smith, Mario Herrero, Shirley Tarawali, Susan MacMillan, and Delia Grace at the Farm Animal Integrated Research 2012 Conference, Washington DC, March 4–6, 2012
The World Food Crisis: Political and Economic Consequences and Needed ActionsJoachim von Braun
The document discusses the global food crisis, its political and economic consequences, and needed policy actions. It provides data showing surging prices of corn, wheat, rice and oil since 2008. Several graphs examine food production trends, IFPRI scenarios for supply and demand factors, the timing of global food protests in 2007-08, their relationship with government effectiveness, and the variety of policy responses by governments. The food crisis has led to political destabilization, inflation, and increased poverty and hunger. Coordinated action is needed to liberalize trade, provide subsidies and social protection, and boost agricultural investment and supply.
Hugh Grant, Chairman and CEO of Monsanto Company, presented at a CEO & Investor Conference on February 14, 2006. In his presentation, he discussed:
1) Biotechnology has been rapidly adopted by farmers due to significant economic and environmental benefits it provides, such as increased productivity and yields as well as reductions in pesticide use.
2) Monsanto has a leading commercial portfolio of biotech traits as well as an unmatched research and development pipeline of new traits in development.
3) During the 2005 Midwest drought, Monsanto's YieldGard Rootworm trait demonstrated its value by allowing corn plants to have heartier roots and tap into available moisture, providing over 30 additional bushels per acre
This document summarizes a presentation given at the 2012 China Agribusiness and Food Safety Investment Summit in Beijing. It discusses trends in China's agricultural industry and food supply chain, including increasing consolidation and mechanization of pork slaughter, changes in farm structure driven by land constraints, and shifting demographics and demand trends. It also notes the challenges around balancing supply chain risks and capitalization needs as China's food system modernizes.
This document provides an agenda and overview of Brasil Ecodiesel's presentation of its 4Q07 and 2007 financial and operational results. It includes discussions of:
- The positive Brazilian economic scenario in 2007
- Growth in the Brazilian biodiesel market and Brasil Ecodiesel's increasing market share
- Expansion of Brasil Ecodiesel's production capacity and sales volumes
- Financial performance results including revenues, expenses, losses, and cash position
- Brasil Ecodiesel stock performance on the capital markets
- Subsequent events including new ANP auctions and a Petrobras auction
This document provides an overview of Indonesia's agricultural sector development from 1961 to 2001 and beyond. It analyzes growth in output, inputs, and total factor productivity during different periods. The Old Order era from 1961-1965 saw a focus on machinery expansion that did not lead to steady growth. The New Order era from 1966-1998 brought government intervention and 5-year plans that supported steady input and output increases. The reform era saw a drop in inputs and productivity during the financial crisis of 1999-2001 but efforts to stabilize the economy and support farmers. Productivity reached record highs after 2003.
1) The document discusses global food security and agricultural productivity trends from 1950-2050.
2) It notes that from 1950-2000, called the "Age of Abundance", global food supply grew faster than demand, keeping prices low due to steady productivity gains.
3) Looking ahead to 2050, it estimates global food demand will need to increase 1.3% annually, and questions whether productivity can continue growing fast enough to meet this demand sustainably.
Weather Catastrophes In China 1980–2010douglasruml
The document analyzes weather catastrophes in China from 1980 to 2010. It shows that the number of catastrophes has increased each decade. The most costly events were major floods along rivers like the Yangtze in 1998 which caused $30.7 billion in damages. Typhoons and floods have caused the most fatalities, with floods in 1991 leading to over 2,600 deaths. Hydrological events like floods have accounted for over half of the fatalities and economic losses in China during this period.
1) The production of maize has increased dramatically in southern Bangladesh over the past decade, while acreage of pulses has declined significantly.
2) Technology adoption has been higher for maize compared to pulses, resulting in greater fertilizer and pesticide use for maize.
3) Consumption of pulses, an important and affordable source of protein, remains below recommended levels in Bangladesh. Pulse producers and consumers have higher protein intake compared to producers and consumers of maize.
4) Research, extension, and market support are needed to promote the production and consumption of pulses and diversify cropping patterns away from a cereal-focused system.
The document summarizes Eletropaulo's first quarter 2003 results. It provides an overview of the company, noting it is Brazil's largest electricity distributor serving over 5 million consumers. It reviews the energy distribution market and Eletropaulo's operational performance, including increased consumption and changes in consumer profiles. Financial indicators and the regulatory scenario are also examined.
By David J. Spielman, Fatima Zaidi, and Kathleen Flaherty. Presented at the ASTI-FARA conference Agricultural R&D: Investing in Africa's Future: Analyzing Trends, Challenges, and Opportunities - Accra, Ghana on December 5-7, 2011. http://www.asti.cgiar.org/2011conf
A spatial analysis: creating similarity domains for targeted research sites i...Joanna Hicks
This spatial analysis was commissioned by ACIAR to develop similarity domains for targeted research sites in Zimbabwe based on climate, production, market access, and population data. The objectives were to enhance adoption of farming technologies and assist funding bodies to target high-impact regions. Climate, soil, population, and other data layers were overlaid to create six similarity domains centered around existing research sites. Agricultural potential analysis showed a large yield gap between current low-input yields and simulated high-input yields across all domains, indicating room for improvement through investments and interventions.
The document discusses the challenges facing the livestock sector in the coming decades due to population growth, increasing demand for meat and dairy, and constraints on land and water availability. It argues that efficiency gains are key to ensuring sustainable growth in the sector. Intensifying production through improved technologies and management can boost output while reducing environmental impacts. There are opportunities to close efficiency gaps, enhance grassland management, and reduce waste discharge to build a more sustainable livestock sector. Collaboration across actors will be important to optimize these opportunities.
A one-day Strategic Foresight Conference took place at IFPRI Headquarters in Washington DC on November 7, 2014. Participants from leading global modeling groups, collaborating CGIAR centers and research programs, and other partners reviewed new long-term projections for global agriculture from IFPRI and other leading institutions, examined the potential impacts of climate change and other key challenges, and discussed the role of foresight work in identifying and supporting promising solutions.
Topics included:
Long-term outlook and challenges for food & agriculture
Addressing the challenges
Foresight in the CGIAR
Webcast video of morning sessions available on Global Futures program website here: http://globalfutures.cgiar.org/2014/11/03/global-futures-strategic-foresight-conference/
This document summarizes a presentation by Joachim von Braun on the world food situation. It discusses several key drivers changing the global food equation, including income growth, climate change, urbanization, and the rise of biofuels. It notes that higher and more volatile food prices impact the poor globally. The presentation calls for pro-poor policies like open trade, increased agricultural productivity, and aid to address food insecurity.
John Michael Staatz - Agricultural price volatility: causes, impacts & policy...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
This document summarizes a presentation on agricultural price volatility. It discusses the causes of volatility, including supply and demand shocks as well as government trade policies. On the supply side, weather events, low stock levels, and trade restrictions can exacerbate volatility. Rising incomes have made demand more inelastic. The presentation also outlines actions that could help reduce volatility, such as reducing trade barriers and improving market information.
1) Global agricultural prospects are good with higher average prices, increasing production, and expanding trade expected over the next decade.
2) However, rising production costs due to increasing input prices, greater market and price volatility, and constraints on water and other resources pose challenges.
3) Agricultural productivity growth, which is essential to meeting rising global food demand, is projected to slow compared to the previous decade due to these factors. Governments and policies can help address these issues through investments in innovation, sustainability, and risk management programs.
The production and consumption of livestock products in developing countries:...ILRI
Presented by Nancy Johnson, Jimmy Smith, Mario Herrero, Shirley Tarawali, Susan MacMillan, and Delia Grace at the Farm Animal Integrated Research 2012 Conference, Washington DC, March 4–6, 2012
The World Food Crisis: Political and Economic Consequences and Needed ActionsJoachim von Braun
The document discusses the global food crisis, its political and economic consequences, and needed policy actions. It provides data showing surging prices of corn, wheat, rice and oil since 2008. Several graphs examine food production trends, IFPRI scenarios for supply and demand factors, the timing of global food protests in 2007-08, their relationship with government effectiveness, and the variety of policy responses by governments. The food crisis has led to political destabilization, inflation, and increased poverty and hunger. Coordinated action is needed to liberalize trade, provide subsidies and social protection, and boost agricultural investment and supply.
Hugh Grant, Chairman and CEO of Monsanto Company, presented at a CEO & Investor Conference on February 14, 2006. In his presentation, he discussed:
1) Biotechnology has been rapidly adopted by farmers due to significant economic and environmental benefits it provides, such as increased productivity and yields as well as reductions in pesticide use.
2) Monsanto has a leading commercial portfolio of biotech traits as well as an unmatched research and development pipeline of new traits in development.
3) During the 2005 Midwest drought, Monsanto's YieldGard Rootworm trait demonstrated its value by allowing corn plants to have heartier roots and tap into available moisture, providing over 30 additional bushels per acre
The document provides information about accessing venture capital funding from SEAF India Agribusiness Fund for small agribusiness enterprises in India. It outlines the growth opportunities in Indian agriculture and food processing sectors. It then describes SEAF India Agribusiness Fund's focus on investing in food value chain companies and criteria for evaluating potential investments. Finally, it discusses the typical process an entrepreneur would go through to approach SEAF for funding, including understanding capital needs, preparing a pitch, undergoing due diligence, and collaborating post-investment.
The presentation explains how the food and global financial crises impacted Pakistan's socio-economy. A detailed impact assessment is followed by the policy response taken in the various spheres of the economy.
Special lecture on theme of "Europe’s Role in Food and Nutrition Security" by Shenggen Fan. The presentation was the keynote of a Teagasc and the Royal Dublin Society (RDS) lecture series on "Grand Challenges of Global Agriculture and Food" delivered on April 11, 2013 in Dublin, Ireland.
Globalization,Rural Sector Transformation, and PovertyJoachim von Braun
This document discusses the effects of globalization on poverty and rural transformation. It provides an overview and conceptual framework for assessing the links between globalization and poverty. The key drivers of globalization are identified as markets and trade, investment and capital flows, and information and innovation. The document examines how these drivers impact poverty and rural economies through increased trade, foreign direct investment, technology adoption, and information access. The summary concludes that while globalization can reduce poverty through economic growth, the impacts are mixed and both winners and losers exist at the household level depending on ability to participate in new opportunities.
Meeting the growing food and nutrition demands of Africa's increasing and urbanizing population will be a challenge as incomes and populations rise. Smallholder farming can be transformed through investments in technology, infrastructure, and innovations to increase productivity and better meet this rising demand. This will help reduce hunger, promote development, and serve as an example based on the lessons learned from Asia's experience.
World demand for dairy products is rising due to population growth and increasing incomes. Uruguay is well positioned to meet this rising demand due to its competitive advantages in dairy production and exports. The Uruguayan dairy industry offers opportunities throughout the value chain, including in primary production, processing, and accessing new international markets. While exports currently focus on powdered milk and cheese, there is potential to develop new customized products for niche markets.
World demand for dairy products is rising as populations grow and incomes increase globally. While production is increasing in many countries, it is not keeping pace with rising demand. Uruguay has competitive advantages in dairy production, including low costs, high productivity, and preferential access to export markets. It currently exports over 60% of its milk production. There are opportunities to increase exports by exploring new product niches and customized products to serve diverse international markets. The Uruguayan dairy industry has experienced steady growth and foreign investment, positioning it well to capitalize on growing global demand for dairy.
The document discusses opportunities in the Uruguayan dairy industry. It notes that global dairy demand is rising due to population and income growth. Uruguay is well positioned to meet this demand as production in other major exporting countries is constrained. Uruguay has among the lowest dairy production costs in the world and exports over 60% of its milk production, primarily to Latin America. There are opportunities to expand into new regional and extra-regional markets by developing customized products for niche markets.
Food Security in the 21st Century: Actions for Better Governance, Market Fun...Joachim von Braun
This document discusses challenges to global food security in the 21st century. It identifies short-term challenges like poverty, population growth, and limited resources, as well as long-term challenges such as climate change and increasing competition for land and water. Productivity growth in agriculture is declining while global demand for food and biofuels is rising. Effective governance and policy reform are needed to balance food, energy, and political security to ensure food access for all.
- World soybean usage is projected to exceed production in the 2011/12 marketing year, tightening global supply.
- Soybean production has declined in Argentina and Brazil from last year, estimated at 22 million metric tons lower.
- The US soybean crop is estimated at 89.8 million metric tons if weather is normal, or 92.5 million metric tons if yields are high.
- China is the strongest buyer of US and South American soy products and will continue driving global demand.
Similar to Agriculture for Sustainable Economic Development: A Global R&D Initiative to Avoid a Deep and Complex Crisis (20)
The document discusses the challenges of climate change and ensuring global food security. It argues that agriculture must be appropriately integrated into climate change agreements to address both climate change in the context of food security and food security in the context of climate change. Climate change is projected to reduce production of key crops like rice, maize and wheat by 2050 according to the models discussed, which could significantly increase food prices and malnutrition. Investments in agricultural adaptation and mitigation totaling $7 billion annually are needed to counteract the effects of climate change.
The document discusses the challenges of climate change for agriculture and food security. It argues that resources and research need to focus on helping poor rural communities adapt. International climate agreements could impact food security depending on how agriculture is treated and funds are allocated. The document proposes specific policy actions and Copenhagen agreement language around incentivizing agricultural mitigation, increasing adaptation investment, and establishing a public technology network focused on climate-smart agriculture.
1) The document discusses rising global food insecurity and the risks posed by factors like poverty, volatile food prices, financial crises, and climate change.
2) It outlines an agenda for research, investment, and action that includes promoting agricultural growth, innovating insurance systems, facilitating open trade, and expanding social protection programs.
3) Key recommendations include tripling investment in agricultural research and innovation, developing new insurance products for smallholders, keeping trade open during food shortages, and protecting vulnerable groups through cash transfers and nutrition programs.
Why Hunger in Asia? Agricultural and Rural Development for Reducing Food Inse...Joachim von Braun
This document discusses hunger and food insecurity in Asia. It notes that Asia is now home to 67% of the world's poor, with 912 million people remaining in poverty in South and East Asia. Certain groups like ethnic minorities are disproportionately affected. Asia also has the largest number of undernourished people globally. Food price shocks have increased vulnerability, with some Asian countries like Bangladesh ranking highly vulnerable. Slower economic growth and the global financial crisis may further exacerbate hunger challenges. Agriculture and rural development are posited as important for reducing food insecurity.
This document discusses global food security challenges. It summarizes:
1) Many factors are putting stress on global agriculture, including volatile input and output prices, climate change, water scarcity, and more.
2) Small farms dominate globally but average sizes are shrinking. Agricultural productivity growth is low in developing countries.
3) High and volatile food prices in recent years have had severe impacts, increasing the number of hungry by 115 million people since 2003.
4) Ensuring global food security will require promoting pro-poor agricultural growth, reducing food market volatility, and expanding social protection programs. Increased investment in agricultural productivity, science, and rural infrastructure is needed.
Virtual Global Food Reserve Policy to Protect the Poor and Prevent Market Fa...Joachim von Braun
The document proposes a virtual global food reserve policy to address food crises. It consists of two parts: 1) a minimum physical grain reserve for humanitarian assistance, and 2) a virtual reserve and intervention mechanism backed by a financial fund. The virtual reserve would intervene in futures markets when prices rise above estimated price bands, executing silent short sales to lower speculative prices without realizing losses. This mechanism aims to stabilize prices through influencing expectations while minimizing market distortions.
The document discusses the promises and challenges of biofuels. It notes that while biofuels can provide opportunities for economic growth and jobs, they also risk increasing food prices and negatively impacting global food security. The author outlines several questions around how to best tap opportunities while addressing risks to food security, the environment, and poor populations.
This document outlines the formation and goals of the CGIAR Platform on Agriculture and Health. The platform was created in 2006 to focus research on the linkages between agriculture and health that are relevant for poor populations. It aims to bring together the research communities of agriculture and health to generate new knowledge in a collaborative manner. Some priority research issues identified include nutrition, food safety, water-borne diseases, avian flu, HIV/AIDS, and how they intersect with agriculture, livelihoods, and poverty reduction. The platform seeks to coordinate this research and establish priorities, partnerships, and funding strategies to monitor its progress.
FOOD VS. FUEL Impacts of energy price increases on developing countries and t...Joachim von Braun
The document discusses the impacts of increasing biofuel production on food prices and food security. It finds that while biofuel growth can increase food prices, potentially harming the poor, this outcome is not inevitable. Through investments in technology, policy reforms, and development of marginal lands and cellulosic feedstocks, biofuel production can be expanded in a way that mitigates impacts on global food supply and accessibility. The key is promoting complementary relationships between food and fuel production rather than allowing them to crowd each other out.
Rural-Urban Linkages for Growth, Employment and Poverty ReductionJoachim von Braun
The document discusses rural-urban linkages and divides. It outlines that lack of linkages between rural and urban areas is divisive and bad for growth, poverty reduction, and equity. Facilitating the flow of resources to where they will have the largest impact on growth and poverty is a key goal. Rural and urban areas can be linked through factors like technology opportunities, trade, infrastructure, human capital and migration, and environmental resources. Specific linkages discussed include agriculture technology, ICT, and energy/biofuels. The document argues for strengthening rural-urban linkages to promote development.
Globalization of the agri-food system and the poor in developing countriesDr...Joachim von Braun
This document summarizes a presentation given by Joachim von Braun on the globalization of agri-food systems and its impact on the poor in developing countries. The key points discussed include the major drivers of globalization such as trade, foreign direct investment, changing consumer demand, information and communication technologies, and agricultural research and development. The presentation also examines the mixed effects of globalization on economic growth and poverty reduction, noting differences based on assessment standards and time periods. Lastly, it discusses some of the policy implications stemming from the globalization of agri-food systems.
Emerging Issues in Developing Countries’ Food and Agriculture: Challenges for...Joachim von Braun
This document summarizes a presentation given by Joachim von Braun, the Director General of the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). The key points are:
1. Von Braun provides an overview of IFPRI, including its staff size, budget, locations, and research divisions.
2. He discusses major challenges facing developing countries related to food, agriculture, health, and nutrition including rising food prices, climate change, transformation of smallholder farms, and disappointing progress in WTO negotiations.
3. Von Braun emphasizes the need to focus on rural development and agriculture to reduce poverty and hunger given that the majority of the world's poor live in rural areas and depend on agriculture for their liv
Rural non-farm employment is an important and growing source of jobs in developing countries. It accounts for around 25% of rural employment globally. There are several policy considerations for promoting rural non-farm employment. Broad-based market oriented growth policies and investments in rural infrastructure, education, finance and technology can help facilitate rural non-farm employment. Public employment programs may also have a role to play, and different strategies are needed depending on the local context, such as a focus on smallholder agriculture in remote areas or rural enterprises in agriculturally prosperous areas. Effective policies require understanding local conditions and fostering public-private partnerships.
The scope for food and agriculture policy research in Central Asia and the Ca...Joachim von Braun
The document discusses opportunities for food and agriculture policy research in Central Asia and the Caucasus. It identifies key challenges facing the region, including a lack of market-driven growth, slow rural development, natural resource management issues, and food insecurity. It argues that policy research could help with developing strategies to address these challenges by analyzing growth linkages, natural resource policies, market and trade policies, and food safety programs. Priority research areas proposed include regional cooperation, high-value agriculture, property rights reforms, genetic resources, and strengthening local research capacity.
Information and Communication Technologies for Development and Poverty ReductionJoachim von Braun
The document discusses the potential for information and communication technologies (ICTs) to reduce poverty. It aims to provide a framework for understanding the role of ICTs through analyzing their impacts at various levels. The document examines results from macro-level studies that find a positive relationship between telecommunications infrastructure and economic growth. It also explores the micro-level impacts of ICTs on households and small businesses, finding that ICT access can increase welfare and consumption. Additionally, the document discusses how ICTs may help deliver important public services to the poor more effectively.
Information and Communication Technologies for Development and Poverty Reduction
Agriculture for Sustainable Economic Development: A Global R&D Initiative to Avoid a Deep and Complex Crisis
1. Agriculture for Sustainable
Economic Development: A Global
R&D Initiative to Avoid a Deep and
Complex Crisis
Joachim von Braun
Director General
International Food Policy Research Institute
Charles Valentine Riley Memorial Lecture
Washington D.C., February 28, 2008
2. Overview
1. The world food equation: Out of balance
2. Unsustainable agriculture: Risks and
insecurity
3. Actions needed now: Technology and
policy change
Joachim von Braun, IFPRI, February 2008
3. The food and agriculture equation: Changes
Production Demand
Land Income growth
Water Poverty and inequality
Inputs & Transport costs Consumer behavior
Workforce Bioenergy
Climate change Biomass (CO2)
Agrarian structure
Technology
Trade and Markets
Information & Standards
Supermarkets
Joachim von Braun, IFPRI, February 2008
4. The new situation: Surge in prices
Commodity prices (US$/ton)
400 Corn 100
Wheat
80
300 Rice
Oil (right scale) 60
200
40
100
20
0 0
00
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
n-
n-
n-
n-
n-
n-
n-
n-
n-
Ja
Ja
Ja
Ja
Ja
Ja
Ja
Ja
Ja
Joachim von Braun, IFPRI, February 2008 Source: Data from FAO 2008 and IMF 2008.
5. Cereals price changes: IFPRI projections
US$/ton
300
200
100
0
2000 2005 2010 2015
Rice Wheat Maize Soybean
Joachim von Braun, IFPRI, February 2008 Source: M. Rosegrant (prelim. results with IMPACT-WATER)
6. Income growth: Rising consumption
Growth (2004-06 per annum)
• 9% in Asia, 6% in Africa
• 2% in industrialized countries
Since 2000, global cereal use for:
• Food 4%, feed 7%
• Industrial purposes 25%
India, 2000 – 2025 Scenario:
• Meat 176%, milk and vegetables 70%
• Grain 27%
Sources: FAO 2003 and 2007b; Kumar, et al. 2007.
Joachim von Braun, IFPRI, February 2008
7. Shift towards high-value commodities
2005/1990 ratios of per capita consumption
India China Brazil Nigeria
Cereals 1.0 0.8 1.2 1.0
Meat 1.2 2.4 1.7 1.0
Milk 1.2 3.0 1.2 1.3
Fish 1.2 2.3 0.9 0.8
Fruits 1.3 3.5 0.8 1.1
Vegetables 1.3 2.9 1.3 1.3
Future grain consumption is driven by
income growth, population growth, and feed
for meat and dairy production
Joachim von Braun, IFPRI, February 2008 Source: Data from FAO 2007.
8. Drivers of change:
Globalization of the agri-food business chain
Agricultural Food
Consumers
input processors Food
industry Farms and traders retailers
top 10: $40 bln Agricultural top 10: $409 bln top 10: $1,091
value added: bln
• Syngenta $1,592 bln • Nestle
• Monsanto • Cargill • Wal-Mart
• Bayer C No. of farms: • ADM • Carrefour
$4.000 bln
• BASF AG ca. 450 mln • Metro G
• Unilever
• Dow Agro • Kraft Foods • Tesco
Size distr.
• Seven & I
>100 ha: 0.5%
< 2 ha: 85%
Source: von Braun 2008.
Joachim von Braun, IFPRI, February 2008
9. World cereal production: Not growing enough
Million tons
Total Million tons
1,200 2,000
900
1,600
600
1,200
300
0 800
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007*
Wheat Coarse grains Rice Total (right)
Source: Data from FAO 2003, 2005-07.
Joachim von Braun, IFPRI, February 2008 * Forecast.
10. Agricultural production:
Decreasing share of developed countries
Agricultural production, % of world total
Africa
Brazil
China
W Europe
India
United States
0 5 10 15 20
1984-6 2004-6
Source: FAO 2008.
11. Cereals: The world eats more than it produces
Million tons
700
600
500
400
Total cereal stocks
300
200
100 China
0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007*
Source: Data from FAO 2003, 2005-07.
Joachim von Braun, IFPRI, February 2008 * Forecast.
12. IFPRI biofuel scenarios by 2020
Price changes
Scenario Biofuel expansion
(% by 2020)
corn: +26
Actual plans & assumed
1 sugar: +12
expansions
oilseeds: +18
corn: +72
Doubling of Scenario 1
2 sugar: +27
expansion
oilseeds: +44
Joachim von Braun, IFPRI, February 2008 Source: IFPRI IMPACT–model projections.
13. World food equation: Reasons for imbalance
1. Income growth
2. Biofuels
3. Lack of technology to respond
4. Low stocks
5. Production shocks
6. High input and transport costs due to energy price
7. Population growth
Joachim von Braun, IFPRI, February 2008
14. Overview
1. The world food equation: Out of balance
2. Unsustainable agriculture: Risks and
insecurity
3. Actions needed now: Technology and
policy change
Joachim von Braun, IFPRI, February 2008
15. Declining productivity growth
6
maize
Average annual growth rate (%)
5 rice
wheat
4
3
2
1
0
1963 1967 1971 1975 1979 1983 1987 1991 1995 1999 2003
Joachim von Braun, IFPRI, February 2008 Source: World Development Report 2008.
16. Sources of cereal production growth
Annual cereal production growth rates, 2000-2050
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
-0.5
LAC ESAP SSA CWANA NAE
Area expansion Yield improvement
Joachim von Braun, IFPRI, February 2008 Source: IFPRI IMPACT projections 2007.
17. Competition
for land
Field and
pastures: ~40%
Forests: ca. 10
million km2
(~ 20%)
Cities, roads:
2%
Joachim von Braun, IFPRI, February 2008 Foley et al., SCIENCE 309, 2005
18. Climate change and sustainability
• Agriculture is part of the problem:
13.5 % the CO2 of equivalents
(Transport: 13.1%)
• Agriculture is part of the solution:
Biomass; CO2 sequestration
• CO2 trade: A new agricultural
commodity market of the future?
Joachim von Braun, IFPRI, February 2008
19. Agriculture: Other sustainability threats
Water resources
Irrigation = 80% of water use in developing
countries
Soils
Overgrazing, deforestation, inappropriate
agricultural practices
Biodiversity
Traditional crops replaced by genetically
uniform modern varieties
Joachim von Braun, IFPRI, February 2008
20. 970 million people live on less than $1 a day
Subjacent poor
($.75 cents – $1)
485 million people
Medial poor
($.50 cents – $.75 cents)
323 million people
Ultra poor
(less than $.50 cents)
162 million people
Joachim von Braun, IFPRI, February 2008 Source: Ahmed, et al. 2007.
21. GHI: Hunger remains high
Contribution of components to the Global Hunger Index
proportion of calorie deficient people
30
prevalence of underweight in children
under-five mortality rate
20
10
0
1990 2007 1990 2007 1990 2007 1990 2007 1990 2007
Sub-Saharan South Asia East Asia & Middle East & L. America &
Africa Pacific N. Africa Caribb.
Joachim von Braun, IFPRI, February 2008 Source: Wiesmann, et al. 2007.
22. Bangladesh: Household price effects
Five-person household living on one dollar-a-day per
person spends its $5
$3.00 on food
$0.50 on household energy
$1.50 on nonfoods
A 50% increase in food and energy prices cuts $1.75
from their expenditures
Food expenditures will be cut most, and will be
accompanied by:
• Reduced diet quality
• Increased micronutrient malnutrition
• Delays in wage rate adjustments
Joachim von Braun, IFPRI, February 2008
23. Security synergies and conflicts
Food insecurity Political security risks
Rising food prices:
• The poorest suffer silently, the middle class
protests and lobbies
• Mass protests against rising prices
Decline in building international agriculture
capacity contributes to insecurity
Joachim von Braun, IFPRI, February 2008
24. Overview
1. The world food equation: Out of balance
2. Unsustainable agriculture: Risks and
insecurity
3. Actions needed now: Technology and
policy change
Joachim von Braun, IFPRI, February 2008
25. Agriculture to address poverty
in the Critical Square
Governance Economic
& Conflicts Growth
Innovation Productivity
& Capacity (in agriculture)
26. Why invest in agriculture?
Agricultural growth is more pro-poor
Projected Poverty Rate in Ethiopia
(Both with 5% of GDP annual growth)
44
42
40
38
36
34
32
30
28
Ag-led grow th Nag-led grow th Base run
26
2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015
Source: IFPRI, 2007
27. Global public agricultural R&D
1981 2000
$15.2 billion* $23.0 billion*
100% Middle East-North Africa
Latin America-Caribbean
80%
Other Asia-Pacific
India
60%
China
40% Sub-Saharan Africa
Developed
20%
0%
Source: Pardey, 2006
Joachim von Braun, IFPRI, February 2008 * in 2000 international prices
28. Policy responses NOT to choose
• Export stops (“starving your neighbor”)
• Food subsidies for vocal middle class
• Maintaining outdated production controls
• Continued public underinvestment in
agriculture productivity increases
• Exclusion of agriculture from climate change
mitigation strategies
Joachim von Braun, IFPRI, February 2008
29. Five milestones for the roadmap
1. Global political attention at the highest levels
2. Specific policy action to protect the poorest
from excessively high food prices
3. Major investments in services, rural
infrastructure and input supply and finance for
small farmers
4. A global R&D initiative for accelerated
agricultural productivity
5. Enhanced collaboration of old and new key
global agricultural players
Joachim von Braun, IFPRI, February 2008
30. A global initiative
Accelerated investment in agricultural
productivity now:
• makes economic sense
• is pro-poor and good ethics
• enhances sustainability
• serves security
Joachim von Braun, IFPRI, February 2008