Wereldwijd hebben kinderen het beter dan ooit. Vergeleken met een paar decennia geleden overlijden er per dag minder jonge kinderen, leven er minder kinderen in armoede en gaan meer kinderen goed gevoed naar school.
Dit bemoedigende nieuws blijkt uit een nieuw rapport van UNICEF en Save the Children - voorbereid in samenwerking met het Overseas Development Institute. Nog beter nieuws is dat we weten hoe we nog meer vooruitgang moeten boeken; met meer nadruk op de meest kwetsbare kinderen. Daar waar kinderen het grootste gebrek hebben aan basale voorzieningen, kan op een kosteneffectieve en efficiënte manier snel vooruitgang worden geboekt.
Casestudies in het rapport laten zien dat verschillende factoren bijdragen aan de vooruitgang voor kinderen: sterkere en expliciete nationale wil om te investeren in kinderen, ondersteunende programma's en meer ontwikkelingssamenwerking gericht op kinderen.
Het volledige rapport verschijnt binnenkort.
This document discusses how economic shifts and natural disasters affect vulnerable populations in low and middle-income countries. While the proportion of people living in extreme poverty has declined globally, nearly 1 billion people still live in poverty. Extreme poverty is concentrated in sub-Saharan Africa and Southern Asia and is worsened by slow employment growth, volatile commodity prices, and natural disasters. Research studies in India, Indonesia, the Philippines, and Bangladesh found that economic downturns and natural disasters increase food insecurity, malnutrition, and lower educational attainment, especially for vulnerable groups. However, certain health, nutrition, and cash transfer programs were shown to help mitigate the effects of poverty and protect vulnerable populations.
This document outlines UNICEF's education strategy from 2006-2015. The strategy aims to achieve universal primary education and gender equality in education by supporting national education plans and priorities through key partnerships. UNICEF works to improve access to education, quality of education, and education for marginalized groups like girls. Actions include abolishing school fees, providing learning materials and school meals, and establishing standards for effective education systems.
Nutritional Knowledge and Practices of Pre-School Teachers in Homa Bay Countypaperpublications3
Abstract: The main objective of this study was to investigate nutrition relationship between pre-school teachers’ nutritional knowledge and practice in Homa Bay County. The study investigated the following aspects of nutrition knowledge; balanced diet, source of nutrients, food preparation, food storage and preservation. The specific objectives were: to assess the nutritional knowledge and practices between pre-school teachers; Jerome Brunner’ (1978) theories on knowledge representation guided the study; his three modes on nutritional knowledge to the teachers and learners basically on cognitive development. The three models are enactive, iconic and symbolic. The study adopted a descriptive design to investigate the relationship between pre-school teachers’ nutritional knowledge and practices. Questionnaire, interview schedule and observation checklists were used as instruments of data collection. Data analysis was done qualitatively and quantitatively methods. Findings showed that nutritional knowledge and practices among preschool teachers is very low in Homa Bay County. Most of the respondents knew about only three food groups type, a significant number of them were unable to categorise different food types in their respective groups. Proper nutrition was found to be positively correlated with preschool children academic performance. The study also established that the relationship between pre- school teachers’ nutritional knowledge and practices was not significant. The study recommends that strategies need to be put in place to improve nutritional knowledge and practices of preschool teachers in Homa Bay County and country at large, this will be through cooperation of Ministry of Education, Kenya Institute of Curriculum Development and other policy makers in the education sector.
Substantial progress has been made towards achieving MDG Goal on Reducing Child Mortality but still insufficient – The new UN-World Bank child mortality estimates
New child mortality estimates (childmortality.org) show that substantial progress has been made towards achieving the fourth Millennium Development Goal. The estimates were released today by the UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation, which includes UNICEF, WHO, the World Bank and United Nations Population Division.
Barry M. Popkin
SPECIAL EVENT
28th Annual Martin J. Forman Memorial Lecture
Confronting the New Face of Malnutrition: Regulatory and Fiscal Approaches to Improving Diets
OCT 29, 2018 - 12:15 PM TO 01:45 PM EDT
UNICEF was created in 1946 by the United Nations to provide humanitarian aid to children. Over the decades, UNICEF has expanded its mission from focusing on child health to also addressing education, sanitation, and children's rights. Some of UNICEF's key impacts include helping reduce diseases through vaccination campaigns, improving lives through low-cost health interventions like oral rehydration therapy, and advocating on behalf of children affected by issues like HIV/AIDS. UNICEF continues its work with support from the UN and donations from governments and individuals worldwide.
Wereldwijd hebben kinderen het beter dan ooit. Vergeleken met een paar decennia geleden overlijden er per dag minder jonge kinderen, leven er minder kinderen in armoede en gaan meer kinderen goed gevoed naar school.
Dit bemoedigende nieuws blijkt uit een nieuw rapport van UNICEF en Save the Children - voorbereid in samenwerking met het Overseas Development Institute. Nog beter nieuws is dat we weten hoe we nog meer vooruitgang moeten boeken; met meer nadruk op de meest kwetsbare kinderen. Daar waar kinderen het grootste gebrek hebben aan basale voorzieningen, kan op een kosteneffectieve en efficiënte manier snel vooruitgang worden geboekt.
Casestudies in het rapport laten zien dat verschillende factoren bijdragen aan de vooruitgang voor kinderen: sterkere en expliciete nationale wil om te investeren in kinderen, ondersteunende programma's en meer ontwikkelingssamenwerking gericht op kinderen.
Het volledige rapport verschijnt binnenkort.
This document discusses how economic shifts and natural disasters affect vulnerable populations in low and middle-income countries. While the proportion of people living in extreme poverty has declined globally, nearly 1 billion people still live in poverty. Extreme poverty is concentrated in sub-Saharan Africa and Southern Asia and is worsened by slow employment growth, volatile commodity prices, and natural disasters. Research studies in India, Indonesia, the Philippines, and Bangladesh found that economic downturns and natural disasters increase food insecurity, malnutrition, and lower educational attainment, especially for vulnerable groups. However, certain health, nutrition, and cash transfer programs were shown to help mitigate the effects of poverty and protect vulnerable populations.
This document outlines UNICEF's education strategy from 2006-2015. The strategy aims to achieve universal primary education and gender equality in education by supporting national education plans and priorities through key partnerships. UNICEF works to improve access to education, quality of education, and education for marginalized groups like girls. Actions include abolishing school fees, providing learning materials and school meals, and establishing standards for effective education systems.
Nutritional Knowledge and Practices of Pre-School Teachers in Homa Bay Countypaperpublications3
Abstract: The main objective of this study was to investigate nutrition relationship between pre-school teachers’ nutritional knowledge and practice in Homa Bay County. The study investigated the following aspects of nutrition knowledge; balanced diet, source of nutrients, food preparation, food storage and preservation. The specific objectives were: to assess the nutritional knowledge and practices between pre-school teachers; Jerome Brunner’ (1978) theories on knowledge representation guided the study; his three modes on nutritional knowledge to the teachers and learners basically on cognitive development. The three models are enactive, iconic and symbolic. The study adopted a descriptive design to investigate the relationship between pre-school teachers’ nutritional knowledge and practices. Questionnaire, interview schedule and observation checklists were used as instruments of data collection. Data analysis was done qualitatively and quantitatively methods. Findings showed that nutritional knowledge and practices among preschool teachers is very low in Homa Bay County. Most of the respondents knew about only three food groups type, a significant number of them were unable to categorise different food types in their respective groups. Proper nutrition was found to be positively correlated with preschool children academic performance. The study also established that the relationship between pre- school teachers’ nutritional knowledge and practices was not significant. The study recommends that strategies need to be put in place to improve nutritional knowledge and practices of preschool teachers in Homa Bay County and country at large, this will be through cooperation of Ministry of Education, Kenya Institute of Curriculum Development and other policy makers in the education sector.
Substantial progress has been made towards achieving MDG Goal on Reducing Child Mortality but still insufficient – The new UN-World Bank child mortality estimates
New child mortality estimates (childmortality.org) show that substantial progress has been made towards achieving the fourth Millennium Development Goal. The estimates were released today by the UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation, which includes UNICEF, WHO, the World Bank and United Nations Population Division.
Barry M. Popkin
SPECIAL EVENT
28th Annual Martin J. Forman Memorial Lecture
Confronting the New Face of Malnutrition: Regulatory and Fiscal Approaches to Improving Diets
OCT 29, 2018 - 12:15 PM TO 01:45 PM EDT
UNICEF was created in 1946 by the United Nations to provide humanitarian aid to children. Over the decades, UNICEF has expanded its mission from focusing on child health to also addressing education, sanitation, and children's rights. Some of UNICEF's key impacts include helping reduce diseases through vaccination campaigns, improving lives through low-cost health interventions like oral rehydration therapy, and advocating on behalf of children affected by issues like HIV/AIDS. UNICEF continues its work with support from the UN and donations from governments and individuals worldwide.
Social Safety Nets and Gender- Learning from Impact Evaluations and World Ban...Segen Moges
This document discusses social safety net programs and how they impact men and women. It analyzes impact evaluations and World Bank projects to understand outcomes. The document presents a framework for analyzing social safety nets and their gender impacts. It reviews results from impact evaluations on outcomes for women/men and girls/boys. It also discusses efficiency. Finally, it examines trends in how the World Bank has integrated gender considerations into its social safety net projects.
Social protection programs aim to achieve multiple goals such as increasing school attendance, improving health status, and encouraging higher risk economic choices. They seek to increase households' ability to manage risk and contribute to economic growth. Common types of programs include social insurance, social assistance, and labor-based interventions. Many countries are increasingly adopting conditional cash transfer programs that provide assistance to poor families contingent on children's school attendance and healthcare visits. Effective social protection programs require adequate administrative capacity and coordination between implementing organizations.
Social protection overview cambodia specific engHang Sovannarith
This document provides an overview of social protection in Cambodia presented by Sovannarith Hang of UNDP Cambodia. It defines social protection and explains that it aims to reduce poverty and vulnerability through promoting efficient labor markets, diminishing exposure to risks, and enhancing capacity to manage economic and social risks across one's lifetime. The document outlines the main types of social protection programs in Cambodia including social assistance, social insurance, and labor market interventions. It discusses why social protection is necessary to prevent poverty, protect people from risks, and promote livelihoods. The document concludes by summarizing Cambodia's National Social Protection Strategy and some of its current social protection schemes.
Public-Private Partnerships for Harnessing the Potential of Rainfed AgricultureJoachim von Braun
This document discusses opportunities for public-private partnerships (PPPs) in agriculture, particularly in marginal rainfed areas. It notes that while agri-food systems are increasingly globalized and market-driven, peoples' ability to respond varies greatly. PPPs can improve access to technologies, expertise, markets and distribution networks. However, the roles of different sectors remain contested. The document examines options for PPPs in research and development, water management, and infrastructure to boost production of high-value crops in rainfed areas. Case studies from India demonstrate how PPPs have increased adoption of improved seeds and mobilized resources for research.
This document summarizes a presentation on confronting high food prices. It discusses how food prices have risen to unusual levels due to factors like increasing incomes, biofuels production, slowing agricultural growth, and speculation. This has negatively impacted the poor. While globalization and reduced distortions have helped in the past, rising protectionism in response to high prices threatens to undermine trade and harm consumers. The presentation argues for new institutional arrangements to better handle food price volatility and its effects.
Rural non-farm employment is an important and growing source of jobs in developing countries. It accounts for around 25% of rural employment globally. There are several policy considerations for promoting rural non-farm employment. Broad-based market oriented growth policies and investments in rural infrastructure, education, finance and technology can help facilitate rural non-farm employment. Public employment programs may also have a role to play, and different strategies are needed depending on the local context, such as a focus on smallholder agriculture in remote areas or rural enterprises in agriculturally prosperous areas. Effective policies require understanding local conditions and fostering public-private partnerships.
1) Climate change threatens global food security by undermining food production in many parts of the world through rising temperatures and increased extreme weather events.
2) Experiments and computer modeling show that higher temperatures and changing precipitation patterns will reduce crop yields for staples like maize, wheat and rice.
3) To enhance food security, actions are needed both to adapt agricultural systems and food infrastructure to anticipated climate impacts, and to mitigate further climate change through reductions in greenhouse gas emissions across the food system.
1) The document discusses rising global food insecurity and the risks posed by factors like poverty, volatile food prices, financial crises, and climate change.
2) It outlines an agenda for research, investment, and action that includes promoting agricultural growth, innovating insurance systems, facilitating open trade, and expanding social protection programs.
3) Key recommendations include tripling investment in agricultural research and innovation, developing new insurance products for smallholders, keeping trade open during food shortages, and protecting vulnerable groups through cash transfers and nutrition programs.
Food Security in the 21st Century: Actions for Better Governance, Market Fun...Joachim von Braun
This document discusses challenges to global food security in the 21st century. It identifies short-term challenges like poverty, population growth, and limited resources, as well as long-term challenges such as climate change and increasing competition for land and water. Productivity growth in agriculture is declining while global demand for food and biofuels is rising. Effective governance and policy reform are needed to balance food, energy, and political security to ensure food access for all.
The document discusses the challenges of climate change and ensuring global food security. It argues that agriculture must be appropriately integrated into climate change agreements to address both climate change in the context of food security and food security in the context of climate change. Climate change is projected to reduce production of key crops like rice, maize and wheat by 2050 according to the models discussed, which could significantly increase food prices and malnutrition. Investments in agricultural adaptation and mitigation totaling $7 billion annually are needed to counteract the effects of climate change.
Presentation on FAO's integrated climate change impact assessment tool called MOSAICC (Modelling System for Agricultural Impacts of Climate Change).
Info: MOSAICC@fao.org
This document discusses the impacts of climate change on agriculture according to recent research. It finds that climate change will negatively affect agriculture through higher temperatures, shifting precipitation patterns, and increased variability and extreme weather events. This will likely reduce rainfed maize and rice yields significantly by 2050 according to models. Adaptation is essential through investments in agricultural research, infrastructure, and policies to promote resilience. Agriculture also needs to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions through practices like improved rice cultivation, cropland management, and reforestation.
Climate Scope is a Google Earth mash-up tool developed by the Institute of Biometeorology (IBIMET CNR) to communicate the physical and social dimensions of climate change on global and local levels. The tool displays scientific climate and environmental themes available online in real-time views as well as local information from cities involved in the R.A.C.E.S EU LIFE project. Climate Scope was proposed for use in secondary school science education to present climate change as a global, current issue with different impacts. The goal is to enhance visual communication and encourage participation by allowing users to integrate climate and social data as "volunteered geographic information" producers.
Asia Regional Planning Meeting-Integrated Crop Management and Climate Change ...ICRISAT
To assess the impacts of climatic variability on major pests of various agro-climatic zones of India.To generate strategic knowledge for climate change adaptation and mitigation for pests and diseases using field and simulation studies,to improve capacity of stakeholders & develop a framework for dissemination of climate resilient technologies related to pest and diseases.
This document summarizes a meeting of the Pakistan Panel on Economy of Tomorrow held on February 23rd and 24th, 2014 in Islamabad. It included a second meeting of the Pakistan panel to discuss the country's world market strategy and current IMF program. This was followed by the first South Asian Regional Forum on Economy of Tomorrow from February 24-25th at the Marriott Hotel in Islamabad. The forum included panels on creating socially inclusive and sustainable economic models with experiences from the region, as well as industrial policies and the political economy of change. Key speakers included government officials and economic experts from Pakistan, Bangladesh, India, Germany and Thailand.
The impact of social protection programs in Ethiopia on children’s nutritiona...TogetherForNutrition
This document summarizes research on the impacts of social protection programs in Ethiopia on child nutrition. It finds that while the Productive Safety Nets Programme (PSNP) and social cash transfer pilot program in Tigray improved household food security, neither program improved child nutrition outcomes. This is because they did not effectively provide nutrition information and education to mothers. Child diet quality remains poor in Ethiopia and many children face chronic undernutrition from a very young age. The document concludes that while the programs addressed food availability, other critical conditions like nutrition knowledge and hygiene practices were missing to fully impact child growth.
The impact of social protection programs in Ethiopia on children’s nutritiona...essp2
This document summarizes research on the impacts of social protection programs in Ethiopia on child nutrition. It finds that while the Productive Safety Nets Programme (PSNP) and social cash transfer pilot program in Tigray improved household food security, neither program improved child nutrition outcomes. Child malnutrition levels remained high, likely because the programs did not effectively integrate nutrition education and interventions. Maternal education had limited impact on child nutrition, and many children faced chronic undernutrition from a very young age. Improving nutrition knowledge and hygiene practices is needed for social protection to fully address child malnutrition in Ethiopia.
Social Safety Nets and Gender- Learning from Impact Evaluations and World Ban...Segen Moges
This document discusses social safety net programs and how they impact men and women. It analyzes impact evaluations and World Bank projects to understand outcomes. The document presents a framework for analyzing social safety nets and their gender impacts. It reviews results from impact evaluations on outcomes for women/men and girls/boys. It also discusses efficiency. Finally, it examines trends in how the World Bank has integrated gender considerations into its social safety net projects.
Social protection programs aim to achieve multiple goals such as increasing school attendance, improving health status, and encouraging higher risk economic choices. They seek to increase households' ability to manage risk and contribute to economic growth. Common types of programs include social insurance, social assistance, and labor-based interventions. Many countries are increasingly adopting conditional cash transfer programs that provide assistance to poor families contingent on children's school attendance and healthcare visits. Effective social protection programs require adequate administrative capacity and coordination between implementing organizations.
Social protection overview cambodia specific engHang Sovannarith
This document provides an overview of social protection in Cambodia presented by Sovannarith Hang of UNDP Cambodia. It defines social protection and explains that it aims to reduce poverty and vulnerability through promoting efficient labor markets, diminishing exposure to risks, and enhancing capacity to manage economic and social risks across one's lifetime. The document outlines the main types of social protection programs in Cambodia including social assistance, social insurance, and labor market interventions. It discusses why social protection is necessary to prevent poverty, protect people from risks, and promote livelihoods. The document concludes by summarizing Cambodia's National Social Protection Strategy and some of its current social protection schemes.
Public-Private Partnerships for Harnessing the Potential of Rainfed AgricultureJoachim von Braun
This document discusses opportunities for public-private partnerships (PPPs) in agriculture, particularly in marginal rainfed areas. It notes that while agri-food systems are increasingly globalized and market-driven, peoples' ability to respond varies greatly. PPPs can improve access to technologies, expertise, markets and distribution networks. However, the roles of different sectors remain contested. The document examines options for PPPs in research and development, water management, and infrastructure to boost production of high-value crops in rainfed areas. Case studies from India demonstrate how PPPs have increased adoption of improved seeds and mobilized resources for research.
This document summarizes a presentation on confronting high food prices. It discusses how food prices have risen to unusual levels due to factors like increasing incomes, biofuels production, slowing agricultural growth, and speculation. This has negatively impacted the poor. While globalization and reduced distortions have helped in the past, rising protectionism in response to high prices threatens to undermine trade and harm consumers. The presentation argues for new institutional arrangements to better handle food price volatility and its effects.
Rural non-farm employment is an important and growing source of jobs in developing countries. It accounts for around 25% of rural employment globally. There are several policy considerations for promoting rural non-farm employment. Broad-based market oriented growth policies and investments in rural infrastructure, education, finance and technology can help facilitate rural non-farm employment. Public employment programs may also have a role to play, and different strategies are needed depending on the local context, such as a focus on smallholder agriculture in remote areas or rural enterprises in agriculturally prosperous areas. Effective policies require understanding local conditions and fostering public-private partnerships.
1) Climate change threatens global food security by undermining food production in many parts of the world through rising temperatures and increased extreme weather events.
2) Experiments and computer modeling show that higher temperatures and changing precipitation patterns will reduce crop yields for staples like maize, wheat and rice.
3) To enhance food security, actions are needed both to adapt agricultural systems and food infrastructure to anticipated climate impacts, and to mitigate further climate change through reductions in greenhouse gas emissions across the food system.
1) The document discusses rising global food insecurity and the risks posed by factors like poverty, volatile food prices, financial crises, and climate change.
2) It outlines an agenda for research, investment, and action that includes promoting agricultural growth, innovating insurance systems, facilitating open trade, and expanding social protection programs.
3) Key recommendations include tripling investment in agricultural research and innovation, developing new insurance products for smallholders, keeping trade open during food shortages, and protecting vulnerable groups through cash transfers and nutrition programs.
Food Security in the 21st Century: Actions for Better Governance, Market Fun...Joachim von Braun
This document discusses challenges to global food security in the 21st century. It identifies short-term challenges like poverty, population growth, and limited resources, as well as long-term challenges such as climate change and increasing competition for land and water. Productivity growth in agriculture is declining while global demand for food and biofuels is rising. Effective governance and policy reform are needed to balance food, energy, and political security to ensure food access for all.
The document discusses the challenges of climate change and ensuring global food security. It argues that agriculture must be appropriately integrated into climate change agreements to address both climate change in the context of food security and food security in the context of climate change. Climate change is projected to reduce production of key crops like rice, maize and wheat by 2050 according to the models discussed, which could significantly increase food prices and malnutrition. Investments in agricultural adaptation and mitigation totaling $7 billion annually are needed to counteract the effects of climate change.
Presentation on FAO's integrated climate change impact assessment tool called MOSAICC (Modelling System for Agricultural Impacts of Climate Change).
Info: MOSAICC@fao.org
This document discusses the impacts of climate change on agriculture according to recent research. It finds that climate change will negatively affect agriculture through higher temperatures, shifting precipitation patterns, and increased variability and extreme weather events. This will likely reduce rainfed maize and rice yields significantly by 2050 according to models. Adaptation is essential through investments in agricultural research, infrastructure, and policies to promote resilience. Agriculture also needs to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions through practices like improved rice cultivation, cropland management, and reforestation.
Climate Scope is a Google Earth mash-up tool developed by the Institute of Biometeorology (IBIMET CNR) to communicate the physical and social dimensions of climate change on global and local levels. The tool displays scientific climate and environmental themes available online in real-time views as well as local information from cities involved in the R.A.C.E.S EU LIFE project. Climate Scope was proposed for use in secondary school science education to present climate change as a global, current issue with different impacts. The goal is to enhance visual communication and encourage participation by allowing users to integrate climate and social data as "volunteered geographic information" producers.
Asia Regional Planning Meeting-Integrated Crop Management and Climate Change ...ICRISAT
To assess the impacts of climatic variability on major pests of various agro-climatic zones of India.To generate strategic knowledge for climate change adaptation and mitigation for pests and diseases using field and simulation studies,to improve capacity of stakeholders & develop a framework for dissemination of climate resilient technologies related to pest and diseases.
This document summarizes a meeting of the Pakistan Panel on Economy of Tomorrow held on February 23rd and 24th, 2014 in Islamabad. It included a second meeting of the Pakistan panel to discuss the country's world market strategy and current IMF program. This was followed by the first South Asian Regional Forum on Economy of Tomorrow from February 24-25th at the Marriott Hotel in Islamabad. The forum included panels on creating socially inclusive and sustainable economic models with experiences from the region, as well as industrial policies and the political economy of change. Key speakers included government officials and economic experts from Pakistan, Bangladesh, India, Germany and Thailand.
The impact of social protection programs in Ethiopia on children’s nutritiona...TogetherForNutrition
This document summarizes research on the impacts of social protection programs in Ethiopia on child nutrition. It finds that while the Productive Safety Nets Programme (PSNP) and social cash transfer pilot program in Tigray improved household food security, neither program improved child nutrition outcomes. This is because they did not effectively provide nutrition information and education to mothers. Child diet quality remains poor in Ethiopia and many children face chronic undernutrition from a very young age. The document concludes that while the programs addressed food availability, other critical conditions like nutrition knowledge and hygiene practices were missing to fully impact child growth.
The impact of social protection programs in Ethiopia on children’s nutritiona...essp2
This document summarizes research on the impacts of social protection programs in Ethiopia on child nutrition. It finds that while the Productive Safety Nets Programme (PSNP) and social cash transfer pilot program in Tigray improved household food security, neither program improved child nutrition outcomes. Child malnutrition levels remained high, likely because the programs did not effectively integrate nutrition education and interventions. Maternal education had limited impact on child nutrition, and many children faced chronic undernutrition from a very young age. Improving nutrition knowledge and hygiene practices is needed for social protection to fully address child malnutrition in Ethiopia.
Food gardens have the potential to help address malnutrition in children aged 0-5 years in South Africa. While food gardens may improve access to micronutrients like vitamin A, it is unclear if they can provide sufficient nutrition on their own. For food gardens to be effective, they must be paired with nutrition education programs and focus on growing nutrient-dense crops. Larger, more structured programs in schools and early childhood centers may have better outcomes than small household gardens alone.
As part of UNICEF Innocenti's workshop on social protection in humanitarian settings, Elisabetta Aurino from Imperial College London presented her working paper "School feeding or general food distribution? Quasi-Experimental Evidence on the Educational Impacts of Emergency Food Assistance during Conflict in Mali".
For more on this workshop and to access the seven papers released at the event, visit: https://www.unicef-irc.org/article/1829-evidence-on-social-protection-in-contexts-of-fragility-and-forced-displacement.html
Joao McXimenes Timor Leste to Win Stunting.pptxCorreiaXimenes
This document summarizes a presentation on stunting and environmental health risk factors in Timor-Leste. It discusses how stunting refers to children being too short for their age and can cause physical and cognitive damage. In Timor-Leste, surveys show stunting rates have remained very high at around 47% of children under 5 from 2010 to 2020. The main causes of stunting identified are inadequate nutrition, recurrent infections, lack of sanitation and access to healthcare. Timor-Leste has implemented a national strategy to address stunting through nutrition-specific and nutrition-sensitive programs, as well as building an enabling environment with multi-sectoral coordination and advocacy efforts.
This document discusses nutrition from infancy to childhood. It covers topics such as the importance of breastfeeding, introducing complementary foods, appropriate feeding practices, and ensuring nutrition from foods as children grow. The key messages are that breastfeeding provides significant benefits, complementary foods should be introduced around 6 months in addition to breastmilk, and diet should become more varied and nutritious as children develop.
Association Between Bio-fortification and Child Nutrition Among Smallholder H...Premier Publishers
This study examined the relationship between biofortification and child stunting in Uganda using panel data from 6 districts over 3 years. A panel logistic regression was estimated to study the association between child stunting and household production of biofortified crops. The results confirmed a strong association between production of biofortified varieties and reduced child stunting. Other factors associated with lower stunting included male gender, older child age, higher birth weight, greater dietary diversity, more education of caregiver, better antenatal care, smaller household size, and better access to water and livestock. The findings provide empirical support for Uganda's policies promoting biofortified crops to address malnutrition.
This concept note proposes addressing malnutrition among children under 2 years old in Kitgum District, Uganda. Malnutrition rates in the district are high, contributed to by low rates of exclusive breastfeeding and inadequate complementary feeding practices. The project would establish mother-to-mother breastfeeding support groups for teenage mothers, providing health education on breastfeeding, counseling for mothers facing challenges, and training mentors to support other mothers. By identifying barriers to healthy breastfeeding and fostering supportive interventions, the project aims to promote proper nutrition for children in the critical first years of life.
Maternal and child undernutrition is a serious problem in Bangladesh, with nearly half of children under five stunted and 14% suffering from wasting. Micronutrient deficiencies like iron deficiency anemia and iodine deficiency are also widespread. Inadequate childcare practices like low rates of exclusive breastfeeding and late introduction of complementary foods contribute to undernutrition. While the government and NGOs have implemented some nutrition interventions, coverage remains low and interventions have faced challenges. The government has now established the National Nutrition Service to mainstream nutrition services and implement a multi-sectoral response to reduce malnutrition in Bangladesh.
This document discusses the relationship between poverty and obesity. It outlines 3 main problems that contribute to this link: 1) healthy foods are more expensive than unhealthy options, 2) low-income families have limited access to healthy foods due to issues like lack of transportation or supermarkets in their neighborhoods, and 3) unsafe neighborhoods prevent physical activity in children. It then provides 3 potential solutions: job programs to increase income, improving poor neighborhoods by adding farmers markets and removing fast food establishments, and coordinating with schools to address nutrition, physical activity, and health education.
The document discusses a proposal to address micronutrient malnutrition in Peru through a rice fortification program implemented in partnership with the Foundation for Social Innovation (F4SI) and the Peruvian government. The plan involves six initiatives over 18 months to conduct clinical trials of fortified rice, engage the public and private sectors, manage the supply chain and quality, conduct monitoring and evaluation, and implement social marketing. The goal is to expand access to fortified rice, particularly through school lunch programs, to significantly reduce undernourishment among children. Political support and institutionalizing the program are seen as key to the long-term success and sustainability of impacts.
Nutrition sensitive sp programs and nutrition alderman may 2014essp2
This document discusses how nutrition-sensitive social protection programs can help accelerate progress in improving maternal and child nutrition. It defines nutrition-sensitive interventions as programs that address the underlying determinants of nutrition by incorporating specific nutrition goals and actions. While targeted household transfers have shown modest impacts on nutrition, the document argues they could be enhanced by prioritizing nutritionally vulnerable groups, improving program design, and using social protection programs as a platform to deliver nutrition-specific interventions.
Productive Safety Net Program Determinants and their Impact on Rural Household Food Security in Somali Regional State: The Case of Kebri Dehar District) Ethiopia
This document summarizes a study that assessed the impact of Ethiopia's Productive Safety Net Program (PSNP) on rural household food security in Kebri Dehar District. The study used surveys of 334 households and statistical analyses. It found that factors like household size, age of the head, and distance to markets influenced decisions to participate in PSNP. Propensity score matching analysis found that PSNP participation increased household calorie intake by 214.5 Kcal/Adult/Day, indicating a positive impact on food security. The study concluded PSNP significantly improved food security for participating rural households in the district.
1. The study evaluated the impact of Ethiopia's Productive Safety Net Program (PSNP) on rural household food security in Kebri Dehar District.
2. A binary logit model and propensity score matching were used to analyze factors influencing participation in the PSNP and the impact of participation on food security, respectively.
3. The results found that household size, age of the household head, and distance to market influenced decisions to participate in the PSNP. Participating households had 214.5 more kilocalories per adult per day than non-participating households, indicating the PSNP had a positive and significant impact on rural household food security.
1. The study evaluated the impact of Ethiopia's Productive Safety Net Program (PSNP) on rural household food security in Kebri Dehar District.
2. Using survey data from 334 households, the study found that factors like household size, age of the household head, distance to market, and livestock ownership influenced decisions to participate in the PSNP.
3. The results of a propensity score matching analysis showed that households participating in the PSNP had 214.5 more kilocalories per adult per day on average compared to non-participating households, indicating that the PSNP had a positive and significant impact on rural household food security.
Similar to Access to Food: Safety Nets and Hunger Solutions for the Most Needy (20)
The document discusses the challenges of climate change for agriculture and food security. It argues that resources and research need to focus on helping poor rural communities adapt. International climate agreements could impact food security depending on how agriculture is treated and funds are allocated. The document proposes specific policy actions and Copenhagen agreement language around incentivizing agricultural mitigation, increasing adaptation investment, and establishing a public technology network focused on climate-smart agriculture.
Why Hunger in Asia? Agricultural and Rural Development for Reducing Food Inse...Joachim von Braun
This document discusses hunger and food insecurity in Asia. It notes that Asia is now home to 67% of the world's poor, with 912 million people remaining in poverty in South and East Asia. Certain groups like ethnic minorities are disproportionately affected. Asia also has the largest number of undernourished people globally. Food price shocks have increased vulnerability, with some Asian countries like Bangladesh ranking highly vulnerable. Slower economic growth and the global financial crisis may further exacerbate hunger challenges. Agriculture and rural development are posited as important for reducing food insecurity.
This document discusses global food security challenges. It summarizes:
1) Many factors are putting stress on global agriculture, including volatile input and output prices, climate change, water scarcity, and more.
2) Small farms dominate globally but average sizes are shrinking. Agricultural productivity growth is low in developing countries.
3) High and volatile food prices in recent years have had severe impacts, increasing the number of hungry by 115 million people since 2003.
4) Ensuring global food security will require promoting pro-poor agricultural growth, reducing food market volatility, and expanding social protection programs. Increased investment in agricultural productivity, science, and rural infrastructure is needed.
Food and Financial Crises:Implications for Agriculture and the PoorJoachim von Braun
This document summarizes a presentation on the implications of the food and financial crises. It discusses how the financial crisis may negatively impact agriculture and the poor through reduced investment, employment, and policy attention. It presents scenarios showing rising food prices and malnutrition under recession conditions. It recommends priorities for action including increasing agricultural R&D, reducing food market volatility, and expanding social protection programs and nutrition action.
Virtual Global Food Reserve Policy to Protect the Poor and Prevent Market Fa...Joachim von Braun
The document proposes a virtual global food reserve policy to address food crises. It consists of two parts: 1) a minimum physical grain reserve for humanitarian assistance, and 2) a virtual reserve and intervention mechanism backed by a financial fund. The virtual reserve would intervene in futures markets when prices rise above estimated price bands, executing silent short sales to lower speculative prices without realizing losses. This mechanism aims to stabilize prices through influencing expectations while minimizing market distortions.
The World Food Crisis: Political and Economic Consequences and Needed ActionsJoachim von Braun
The document discusses the global food crisis, its political and economic consequences, and needed policy actions. It provides data showing surging prices of corn, wheat, rice and oil since 2008. Several graphs examine food production trends, IFPRI scenarios for supply and demand factors, the timing of global food protests in 2007-08, their relationship with government effectiveness, and the variety of policy responses by governments. The food crisis has led to political destabilization, inflation, and increased poverty and hunger. Coordinated action is needed to liberalize trade, provide subsidies and social protection, and boost agricultural investment and supply.
Agriculture for Sustainable Economic Development: A Global R&D Initiative to ...Joachim von Braun
1. The document discusses the global food situation and calls for increased investment in agricultural productivity through a global R&D initiative.
2. Rising incomes, biofuel production, and lack of technology have contributed to an imbalance in the world food equation and rising food prices.
3. Unsustainable agricultural practices pose risks to water resources, soils, biodiversity, and climate change. Hunger and poverty remain problems.
This document summarizes a presentation by Joachim von Braun on the world food situation. It discusses several key drivers changing the global food equation, including income growth, climate change, urbanization, and the rise of biofuels. It notes that higher and more volatile food prices impact the poor globally. The presentation calls for pro-poor policies like open trade, increased agricultural productivity, and aid to address food insecurity.
The document discusses the promises and challenges of biofuels. It notes that while biofuels can provide opportunities for economic growth and jobs, they also risk increasing food prices and negatively impacting global food security. The author outlines several questions around how to best tap opportunities while addressing risks to food security, the environment, and poor populations.
Globalization,Rural Sector Transformation, and PovertyJoachim von Braun
This document discusses the effects of globalization on poverty and rural transformation. It provides an overview and conceptual framework for assessing the links between globalization and poverty. The key drivers of globalization are identified as markets and trade, investment and capital flows, and information and innovation. The document examines how these drivers impact poverty and rural economies through increased trade, foreign direct investment, technology adoption, and information access. The summary concludes that while globalization can reduce poverty through economic growth, the impacts are mixed and both winners and losers exist at the household level depending on ability to participate in new opportunities.
This document outlines the formation and goals of the CGIAR Platform on Agriculture and Health. The platform was created in 2006 to focus research on the linkages between agriculture and health that are relevant for poor populations. It aims to bring together the research communities of agriculture and health to generate new knowledge in a collaborative manner. Some priority research issues identified include nutrition, food safety, water-borne diseases, avian flu, HIV/AIDS, and how they intersect with agriculture, livelihoods, and poverty reduction. The platform seeks to coordinate this research and establish priorities, partnerships, and funding strategies to monitor its progress.
FOOD VS. FUEL Impacts of energy price increases on developing countries and t...Joachim von Braun
The document discusses the impacts of increasing biofuel production on food prices and food security. It finds that while biofuel growth can increase food prices, potentially harming the poor, this outcome is not inevitable. Through investments in technology, policy reforms, and development of marginal lands and cellulosic feedstocks, biofuel production can be expanded in a way that mitigates impacts on global food supply and accessibility. The key is promoting complementary relationships between food and fuel production rather than allowing them to crowd each other out.
Rural-Urban Linkages for Growth, Employment and Poverty ReductionJoachim von Braun
The document discusses rural-urban linkages and divides. It outlines that lack of linkages between rural and urban areas is divisive and bad for growth, poverty reduction, and equity. Facilitating the flow of resources to where they will have the largest impact on growth and poverty is a key goal. Rural and urban areas can be linked through factors like technology opportunities, trade, infrastructure, human capital and migration, and environmental resources. Specific linkages discussed include agriculture technology, ICT, and energy/biofuels. The document argues for strengthening rural-urban linkages to promote development.
Globalization of the agri-food system and the poor in developing countriesDr...Joachim von Braun
This document summarizes a presentation given by Joachim von Braun on the globalization of agri-food systems and its impact on the poor in developing countries. The key points discussed include the major drivers of globalization such as trade, foreign direct investment, changing consumer demand, information and communication technologies, and agricultural research and development. The presentation also examines the mixed effects of globalization on economic growth and poverty reduction, noting differences based on assessment standards and time periods. Lastly, it discusses some of the policy implications stemming from the globalization of agri-food systems.
Emerging Issues in Developing Countries’ Food and Agriculture: Challenges for...Joachim von Braun
This document summarizes a presentation given by Joachim von Braun, the Director General of the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). The key points are:
1. Von Braun provides an overview of IFPRI, including its staff size, budget, locations, and research divisions.
2. He discusses major challenges facing developing countries related to food, agriculture, health, and nutrition including rising food prices, climate change, transformation of smallholder farms, and disappointing progress in WTO negotiations.
3. Von Braun emphasizes the need to focus on rural development and agriculture to reduce poverty and hunger given that the majority of the world's poor live in rural areas and depend on agriculture for their liv
The scope for food and agriculture policy research in Central Asia and the Ca...Joachim von Braun
The document discusses opportunities for food and agriculture policy research in Central Asia and the Caucasus. It identifies key challenges facing the region, including a lack of market-driven growth, slow rural development, natural resource management issues, and food insecurity. It argues that policy research could help with developing strategies to address these challenges by analyzing growth linkages, natural resource policies, market and trade policies, and food safety programs. Priority research areas proposed include regional cooperation, high-value agriculture, property rights reforms, genetic resources, and strengthening local research capacity.
The scope for food and agriculture policy research in Central Asia and the Ca...
Access to Food: Safety Nets and Hunger Solutions for the Most Needy
1. Access to Food: Safety Nets and
Hunger Solutions for the Most Needy
Joachim von Braun
International Food Policy Research Institute
Strategic Meeting of WFP on “School Feeding: Feed Minds, Change Lives”
Bellagio, Italy, July16, 2009
2. Social safety nets
and the food and financial crises
Many governments effectively used existing
safety net programs to mitigate impacts of the
food crisis, though political constraints
sometimes limited the response
But some governments did not expand safety
nets
This is an vital period to reexamine the role of
social safety nets, particularly regarding
securing access to food
Joachim von Braun, IFPRI, July 2009
3. Key actions that need to be taken
(Conclusions of IFPRI’ activity on “the poorest and the
hungry” 2006-2008; Beijing)
1. Promote inclusive growth with emphasis on
rural growth and –in many countries - on
agriculture
2. Enhance access to assets, infrastructure,
markets
3. Strengthen and move faster to social protection
4. Accelerate investments in health, nutrition,
education, particularly for children and women
5. Include the excluded
The mix is different for different countries and regions
(Africa, Asia, and Latin America)
Joachim von Braun, IFPRI, July 2009
4. Growth, poverty reduction, and hunger (1)
For poor (very poor) households, a 10% increase
in income increases caloric acquisition by 3% (5%)
“Income growth and hunger reduction are
tightly wedded”
and
of the 10 low income countries that reduced
hunger index the fastest since 1990, 8 are also
among the top 10 in agricultural growth
BUT
Joachim von Braun, IFPRI, July 2009
5. Growth, poverty reduction, and hunger (2)
“Income growth and pre-school malnutrition
are loosely meshed”
The direct effect of income growth on pre-school
nutrition is low, so other investments (targeted
programs aimed at pre-schoolers) are needed
- Note that given the high economic returns to
reducing pre-school malnutrition, these too
are excellent investments!
Joachim von Braun, IFPRI, July 2009
6. Pro-poor social protection and nutrition
interventions needed
Protective actions e.g.:
• Cash transfers
• Employment-based food security programs
Preventive actions e.g.:
• School feeding
• Early childhood nutrition programs
Focus on the most vulnerable:
children, women, excluded groups, the poorest
Joachim von Braun, IFPRI, July 2009
7. Problem zone “under–two”: the most risky age
Weight for age by region
0.5
0.25
NCHS
0
Reference
-0.25
Z-score (NCHS)
-0.5
-0.75
-1
-1.25
-1.5
-1.75
-2
0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45 48 51 54 57 60
Age (months)
Africa Latin America and Caribbean Asia
But no reason to play the under two’s against school children:
Joachim von Braun, IFPRI, July 2009
there are important linkagesSource: Shrimpton et al. 2001.
8. Guatemala: Early childhood nutrition impacting
adult education and productivity
Grade attainment Nutritional intervention
27%
(women) among Guatemalan
children 0-7 years old
Cognitive ability 8% (’69-’77)
Reading Follow-up in adults 25-
17%
comprehension 42 years old (’02-04)
Investments in early
childhood nutrition can
Income earned per be long-term drivers of
hour worked 20% economic growth
(men)
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30%
Joachim von Braun, IFPRI, July 2009 Source: Hoddinott et al. 2008. Lancet (in revision).
9. What do we know about safety nets and
access to food? School feeding programs (1)
Household vs. individual food security
• Careful studies from the Philippines and
Bangladesh show that school-age children keep
most of the calories transferred at school meals
Quality and size of food transfers
• Larger and more nutritious food transfers were vital
to achieve impacts on learning achievement and
iron status: school meals or take-home rations
providing 1100 kcal of iron-fortified food per day
reduced anemia prevalence among adolescent girls
in Uganda by 18 percentage points
Joachim von Braun, IFPRI, July 2009 Source: Dan Gilligan, IFPRI, 2009.
10. What do we know about safety nets and
access to food? School feeding programs (2)
Obtain complementarities with education objectives
• In Uganda, separate school meals and take-home rations
programs both improved scores on math achievement tests
and cognitive development tests
• Timing of meals not critical: Learning and cognitive benefits of
FFE programs were similar whether the meals were given at
school or through take-home rations. Improved access to food
was critical.
Potential nutrition benefits to young children
• In Burkina Faso, take-home rations conditional on school
attendance improved the anthropometry of pre-school siblings
of beneficiary children
• In Uganda, school feeding (but not take-home rations)
improved the anthropometry of pre-school age siblings of
beneficiary children possibly through direct spillovers of
fortified food to these siblings
Joachim von Braun, IFPRI, July 2009 Source: Dan Gilligan, IFPRI, 2009.
11. What do we know about safety nets and
access to food? Conditional cash transfers
Composition of consumption
• Recent evidence from many countries in Latin America
shows that cash transfers from CCTs increased the share
of income spent on food at all income levels.
• May be because most CCTs transfer money to women or
because of complementary messages about the benefits
of good nutrition
Diet composition
• In some countries, CCT transfers led to increased diet
diversification and improved diet quality
Long-term consumption smoothing
• In Nicaragua and Mexico, CCT beneficiaries were better
able to smooth their consumption during economic shocks,
which increased future incomes and access to food
Joachim von Braun, IFPRI, July 2009 Source: Dan Gilligan, IFPRI, 2009.
12. Issues in designing safety nets
for food security
Cost-effectiveness
• Safety nets can be expensive to operate
and require perpetual expenditures
• In well-run programs, larger transfers do
have greater impacts
• Effective targeting is an important tool
• The growing body of evidence: the cost-
effectiveness of many programs is higher
than previously thought
Joachim von Braun, IFPRI, July 2009
13. Issues of safety net design
• Transactions costs of systems: administrative
capacity, information, costs
• Switching systems or adding components (CCTs,
employment guarantee)
• Political sustainability of systems: commitment,
structure of institutions
• Innovation and optimization of systems: learning
by doing; series of impact studies and experimental
designs
e.g. IFPRI studies in Mexico (PROGRESA), Brazil (BOLSA),
Turkey (CCT), Bangladesh (FFE), Ethiopia (PSN)
.
Joachim von Braun, IFPRI, July 2009
14. How much is spent on social protection?
• Health (% of GDP)
- Germany, France, Sweden: 7-8%
- India, Somalia, Georgia: < 1%
• Pensions (% of GDP)
- Austria, Greece, Poland: 11-13%
- Nigeria, Bangladesh, Mozambique: < 1%
• Social assistance (% of GDP)
- Pakistan, Peru, Colombia, Chile: < 1%
Joachim von Braun, IFPRI, July 2009
Source: Dethier 2007.
15. Developing countries: National income,
social spending, and infant mortality
Plot of GOVEXP with GNI Plot of INFANT with GNI (right scale)
Expon. (Plot of GOVEXP with GNI) Expon. (Plot of INFANT with GNI (right scale))
1,600 100
GOVEXP per capita (US$)
90
(per 1000 live births)
1,400
80
1,200
70
INFANT
1,000 60
800 50
600 40
30
400
20
200 10
0 0
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000
GNI per capita (US$)
Source: Data from World Bank 2007 and WHO 2007.
Note: Data for health and education expenditure: 2003-04 or latest year(s) ,
Joachim von Braun, IFPRI, July 2009 (not earlier than 2000). Data for infant mortality: 2004-05.
16. How to scale up social protection?
• Start with existing institutions and choose
appropriate scale
• Strengthen tax base
• Improve information and incentives
• Create broad-based political and stakeholder
support
• Pursue public–private partnerships
• Draw on global lessons
• Think across institutions: markets, microfinance,
insurance, services
Joachim von Braun, IFPRI, July 2009
17. The two dual challenges for policy
1. Accelerate growth and its pro-poor
qualities!
2. Accelerate social spending and its
effectiveness!
Joachim von Braun, IFPRI, July 2009