This document provides a summary of a student's presentation on rural entrepreneurship awareness. It is divided into 10 subjects: Agronomy, Agricultural Extension, Soil Science, Plant Pathology, Entomology, Genetics and Plant Breeding, Plant Physiology, Horticulture, Dairy Sciences and Food Technology, and Agricultural Engineering. For each subject, the student provides observations from village visits, conclusions, suggestions for improvement, and pictures. The document also provides details about the villages and KVK visited and the outline used for each subject section.

1. SRPPRESENTATION
StudentRuralEntrepreneurshipAwarenessdevelopmentYojana
SRP-411 20(0+20)
Respective Course Instructors for
the Student Ready Programme
Faculty of Ag., RGSC (IAS, BHU)
Submitted By -
Himanshu Pandey
18230AGC014

2. THE PRESENTATION IS DIVIDED INTO
FOLLOWING SUBJECT
1. Agronomy
2. Agricultural Extension
3. Soil Science
4. Plant Pathology
5. Entomology
6. Genetics and Plant Breeding
7. Plant Physiology
8. Horticulture
9. Dairy Sciences and Food Technology
10. Agricultural Engineering

3. IMPORTANT INFORMATION ABOUT VILLAGE,
IRRI-SARC AND KVK VISIT
• Name of the village – Dafi, Gajadharpur and Bachhao (near SHOOL TANKESHWAR)
• Name of the KVK visited – Kallipur Varanasi
• Additional visits - I visited IRRI-SARC on 8th of October 2021, Friday.

4. OUTLINE OF EACH SUBJECT
• The presentation deals individually with each subject.
• And it is further divided into following sub-headings –
1. Observation.
2. Conclusion.
3. Suggestions for improvement.
4. And Pictures.

5. AGRONOMY
Observation
• Rice and Wheat are the main crops in Kharif and Rabi season respectively.
• Most serious weeds are Cyperus rotundus and Parthenium hysterophorus.
• Chemical control is the only way of weed control.
• Furrow and Flooding are most common irrigation methods.
• Drainage system is not well planed in village.
• The fate of crop residue are very well planed.
• The growing price of Diesel act as both Friend and Foe.

6. CONCLUSION
• The farmers have so much of experience in farming.
• Some farmers are aware about the term organic farming.
• Irrigation is always given as per the crop’s requirement and the schedule is quite flexible
• The farmers are still not able to use drip and sprinkler.
• And the problem of colonizer.

7. SUGGESTIONS FOR IMPROVEMENT
• They should use Slow Release Nitrogenous Fertilizers such as Neem coated Urea for its better
efficiency.
• I also suggest to use Azolla in the field.
• The farmers should adopt Rain water harvesting for both their field and domestic purpose.
• The government should subsidize the installment of drip and sprinkler unit for the farmers.
• I suggest them to grow catch crops also if they get time between the main crops.
• And the main suggestion is for the better drainage system.

8. PROBLEMS

9. SOIL SCIENCE
Observation
• pH of the soil – 7.8
• EC of the soil – 0.37ds/m
• Organic Carbon content – 0.46%
• The above observation is based upon the Soil Health Card.
• Urea, DAP (Dye) and MOP are the most common fertilizers used.
• There is a deficiency of Nitrogen in the soil (104.04kg/ha).
• The soil have optimum soil moisture and the ground water table is around 220-250 feet.

10. CONCLUSION
• They use more amount of chemical fertilizers and less amount of FYM.
• The farmers have SOIL HEATH CARD.
• I found a new technique in my area in RICE production like they do Double Transplanting.
• Soil has a low organic matter, which has started to cause problems for the farmers.
• The farmers don’t want to use Zero Tillage.
• They also don’t want to visit KVK regularly.

11. SUGGESTIONS FOR IMPROVEMENT
• Soil has a low organic matter, which has started to cause problems for the
farmers – so I suggest them to use GOBBAR KHAD for improvement.
• The farmers don’t want to use Zero Tillage- so I tell the advantages of the
zero tillage
• They also don’t want to visit KVK regularly-so I convince them to visit
the near KVK.

13. ENTOMOLOGY
Observation
• The major insect pest are aphid and Rice bug.
• Chemical control is most preferred method for pest control (Farmer point
of view).
• There is no lac and sericulture.
• Apiculture term is familiar to everyone but they don’t want to do.

14. CONCLUSION
• Some Farmers use smoke for the management of Aphids.
• They use Wood Ash as the pest control in vegetables.
• And I found only one farmer who use light trap once.
• Farmers don’t have any knowledge about the IPM.
• They are completely unaware of Trichogramma, which is one of the most important Bio control
agent.
• And the main problem is that they are not awareness about the harmful effects of pesticides.

15. SUGGESTION FOR IMPROVEMENT
• Farmers don’t have any knowledge about the IPM- so I tell them the advantages
• They are completely unaware of Trichogramma, which is one of the most important Bio control
agent- so I tell them to use it
• Awareness drives should be conducted by the KVKs for using Biocontrol and natural enemies of
insect-pests
• The government should give subsidies on the newer classes of insecticides as well.

16. DAIRY SCIENCES AND
FOOD TECHNOLOGY
Observation
• The dairy which I surveyed only have cows.
• And the dairy is well developed.
• There is no good market availability for the dairy farmers.
• The farmers buy new animals from the local people.
Clean milk production Software knowledge
Housing Dairy schemes

17. CONCLUSION
• They use clean utensils for milking.
• The dairy product is sell on the dairy itself and also is distributed all over the locality.
• They workers use potassium permanganate to disinfect their hand before milking
process.
• But the dairy don’t have single buffalo breed.
• The whole system works efficiently although I felt the need for more knowledge
impartation which would further the productivity

18. SUGGESTIONS FOR IMPROVEMENT
• Integration of Dairy with other systems increase efficiency.
• Improvement in the Marketing facility
• promote the Dairy farmers -helping them add value to their produce for
local marginal farmers.
• A more Holistic approach is needed where livestock should be treated
more kindly .

21. GENETICS AND PLANT BREEDING
Observation
• Seed Treatment is usually done by Trichoderma spp. @6g / kg.
• The farmer use some indigenous technique for seed treatment also.
• The major varieties of Rice - Malviya Dhan, Kala Namak and. Wheat – UP 2425
• Vegetables are also grown by the farmers for their personal use.
• IRRI SARC has developed and released several drought-tolerant rice varieties like Sahbhagi
dhan, and DRR dhan 42, 43 and 44 in India.

22. CONCLUSION
• The farmers are aware of the Seed Treatment but they only use
Trichoderma, I also suggest them to use carbendazim @ 2g/ka seed.
• Many private companies are also active on the district, thus giving them
better options.
• Sometimes, good seed are provided from the IAS BHU to farmers.
• The seeds of the State Department are of very low quality and farmers
don’t trust them(This info I get from the local farmer).

24. SUGGESTIONS FOR IMPROVEMENT
• The government should also set a reasonable price cap on the private
companies to sell their seeds, so that the farmers could easily afford them.
• The state government should pay immediate attention to their seed quality
as the farmers have lost their faith in it.
• I also suggest that use proper drainage system.

25. VISIT TO IRRI SARC

26. AGRICULTURE EXTENSION
Observation
• Rice and Wheat is the main crop for farmers in the village.
• They mostly buy seeds from KVK / Private Companies but they don’t trust the seeds distributed by
State Agriculture Department.
• There is growing awareness about SHGs in the village.
• Government schemes for betterment of farmers
• Problems face by farmers in Marketing.

27. CONCLUSION
• The government provides inputs to the SHGs directly, thus boosting farmers to form SHGs
• The seeds and inputs of the private companies are relatively expensive as compared to the
government ones.
• The subsidies are sharply declining and pushing the farmers to open market.
• The inputs distributed by the State department are not reliable(as said by the marginal farmers).

28. SUGGESTIONS FOR IMPROVEMENT
• There should be a price cap on the private companies for selling inputs
• The government should re-structure the State Seed Corporation for its
improvement.
• The government should link the subsidies with Cooperative groups / SHGs
to make sure that farmers are incentivized to form these groups.

29. DISCUSSING ABOUT THE
VARIOUS SCHEMES

30. FARM ENGINEERING
Observation
• Major sources of farm power are Electric Motors, Diesel Engine and Agricultural workers.
• Biogas is used in the surveyed area.
• Disc Plough and Disc Harrow are the mostly owned by local farmers.
• Combine harvester if needed, is provided by the State Agricultural department.
• The irregular Electricity supply and increased Diesel prices are huge problems for farmers.

31. CONCLUSION
• Farmer know about the benefits of Drip and Sprinkler but don’t
install, due to their high initial cost.
• The cost of installing Solar pumps and electricity plants is way too
much in-spite of the heavy subsidies
• The farmers are also aware of the Greenhouse technology but they
have never use it.

32. SUGGESTIONS FOR IMPROVEMENT
• There should be proper Electricity supply during the high demand season.
• The farmers need to avoid unnecessary tillage and adopt Minimum tillage.
• Technical knowledge of the machineries should be given to the farmers by
the KVK from time to time.
• The government need to focus on Biogas plants.

33. FLOATING GAS HOLDER TYPE
BIOGAS PLANT

35. AT IRRI SARC

36. PLANT PATHOLOGY
Observation
• False Smut and Blast are the most serious diseases in the Rice field in my surveyed village.
• The farmers are aware of the Seed Treatment but they only use Trichoderma, I also suggest to use
carbendazim @ 2g/ka seed.
• There are various training programs and awareness drives conducted by the KVK and some times
IAS BHU also conduct also some training.
• Mushroom Cultivation is not done by the farmers due to lack of proper market.

37. CONCLUSION
• False Smut has become a major problem in the Varanasi belt.
• There is no proper market available for Mushroom and also there is also huge lack of knowledge
about their production technologies.
• Some farmers have little knowledge about the symptoms of various diseases.
• Few farmers have the knowledge about the importance of Organic Farming.

38. SUGGESTIONS FOR
IMPROVEMENT
• The farmers should regularly consult the KVK for guidance to control diseases.
• The government should promote farmers for Mushroom cultivation by creating marketing
facilities in the district.
• I suggest the farmers to use Lerma Rojo varieties as it provide the resistance to 3 type of rust.

39. Sample of FALSE SMUT
from Rice field

40. HORTICULTURE
Observation
• Farmers grow horticultural crops mainly for themselves or selling in the local mandi.
• Tomato, Beal, Papaya are the major horticultural crops grown.
• Some farmers from the Basaratpur are also cultivating Marigold.
• Horticulture is slowly but steadily being adopted by farmers on commercial scale.

41. CONCLUSION
• Horticulture is done by the farmers for mostly their own consumption.
• Processing of vegetables and fruits; if done , is done by the farmers themselves.
• The Uttar Pradesh Traders Welfare Board promote horticulture by offering a
huge subsidy for cultivation of mango, guava and amla crops.
• The state government is quite serious in helping farmers to adopt Horticulture by
conducting training at KVKs.

42. SUGGESTIONS FOR IMPROVEMENT
• Facilities of good Store Houses is the most essential requirement for
Horticultural crops, as they are mostly perishable in nature.
• The government should also set up floor prices for all horticultural
produce which will boost their cultivation.
• The government should start the awareness for growing organic
vegetables.
• Also government should start a local flower market to support the local
farmers.

43. LOCAL MARKET
Sundarpur Mandi Panchkoshi Mandi

44. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY
Observation
• Farmers have a little knowledge about the deficiency of micro nutrients.
• I found Nitrogen deficiency in rice field.
• And tip burning in rice.
• And the soil is also deficient in nitrogen and phosphorus.

45. CONCLUSION
• Many farmers usually apply micro nutrients only when the dealer
recommend them to apply it.
• In the case of PGRs, they are also applied only when the problem
arises.

46. SUGGESTIONS FOR IMPROVEMENT
• The farmers should grow short duration varieties for increasing the
Cropping intensity.
• There should be an awareness drive conducted by KVK for
encouraging more farmers to use PGRs in fruits and vegetables.
• The farmers must follow the recommended fertilizer doses for
micronutrients suggested by the Soil Health Card.