The document discusses problematic soils in India, including coastal soils, arid soils, and saline/alkaline soils. It identifies issues like erosion, nutrient deficiencies, salinity, and waterlogging. The causes include chemical fertilizers, improper land use, climate change, deforestation, and urbanization. The document then provides more details on the geomorphology, issues, and strategies for managing coastal soils, arid soils, and salt-affected soils. It concludes with a table showing the distribution of salt-affected soils by Indian state.

1. PROBLEMATIC SOIL WITH THIER GEOMORPHOLOGY
STATUS, ISSUES AND STRATEGIES.
Himanshu Pandey
M.Sc. Ag 1st year
Dept. of Soil Science
22412SAC007
hhimaanshu1@gmail.com

2. Problematic Soils in India
Problems Coastal soil, Arid soil, Saline
and Alkaline soil.
Issues
Erosion, nutrient deficiency,
high salinity, water-logging, low
fertility, high air temperature &
low soil moisture.
Causes
Use of chemical fertilizer,
improper land use, climate
change, deforestation,
urbanization.
Salt Affected
Coastal Soil
Arid Soil

3. Coastal Soil
• Geomorphology status- Located near
the coast, characterized by high rainfall
and humidity.
• Issues- High acidity, nutrient
deficiency, soil erosion.
• Strategies- Using soil ameliorants
such as lime and gypsum, planting
cover crops and proper irrigation
management.

4. Arid Soil
•Geomorphology status- Western
Rajasthan, Punjab, and elongated up
to the Rann of Kutch in Gujarat.
•Issues- Scarcity of Water, Salinity,
Nutrient Imbalances, Sandy Soils, Soil
Loss through Erosion.
•Strategies- Mulching, maintaining
the ecosystem, cover crop and etc.

5. Salt Affected Soil
• Geomorphology status- 4 major tract. a) Semi arid Indo Gangatic Alluvial Tract
b) Arid tract of Rajasthan and Gujarat
c) Arid and Semi Arid tract of Central and
Southern states.
d) Coastal Alluvial Soil
• Issues or Problems- Ion toxicity, osmotic stress, nutrient (N, Ca, K, P, Fe, Zn)
deficiency.
• Strategies- Reclamation by
1. Cultural practices
2. Tolerant crops
3. Biological reclamation
4. Chemical method
5. Irrigation water management.

6. State Total Salt affected
land (ha)
State Total Salt
affected land (ha)
Andhra Pradesh 274207 Maharashtra 606759
West Bengal 6727468 Madhya Pradesh 139720
Bihar 153153 Orissa 147138
Gujarat 2222000 Punjab 151717
Haryana 232556 Rajasthan 374942
Karnataka 150029 Tamil Nadu 368015
Kerala 20000 Uttar Pradesh 1368960
State-wise distribution of salt affected soils in India
Total – 6727468 ha