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Agile Testing 
Guiding Principles & Enabling Practices 
Raj Indugula 
raj.indugula@lithespeed.com 
www.lithespeed.com
ON-­‐DECK 
AT-­‐BAT 
DONE 
What 
is 
the 
problem 
context? 
What 
are 
the 
guiding 
principles 
of 
Agile 
Tes<ng 
? 
What 
are 
the 
enabling 
prac<ces? 
Concluding 
thoughts. 
Any 
ques<ons?
Agile Approach 
Maximize value and quality within specified project 
constraints 
Cost 
Time 
Quality 
Scope
Shared Context drives Quality 
Individuals and 
interactions… 
Working 
software… 
Customer 
collaboration… 
Responding to 
change…
Integrated Teams & Iterative Delivery 
Challenges 
How 
do 
we… 
Ensure that the evolving software 
does not regress? 
Test in-cycle? 
Bridge the communication gap 
between Bus./Testing/Dev.? 
Adopt automation strategies? 
Deal with performance issues 
identified late? 
…
ON-­‐DECK 
AT-­‐BAT 
DONE 
What 
is 
the 
problem 
context? 
Concluding 
thoughts. 
Any 
ques<ons? 
What 
are 
the 
guiding 
principles 
of 
Agile 
Tes<ng 
? 
What 
are 
the 
enabling 
prac<ces?
Move Quality Upstream 
Small paradigm shift with profound implications 
• Testing not a trailing activity 
• QA leads the Sprint by providing guidance 
and feedback on the business needs of 
the emerging product
Testing is Continuous, Not a Phase 
Continuous testing is the only way to ensure 
continuous progress 
http://testobsessed.com/
Testing is Collaborative 
The whole team can only go as fast as the slowest part 
• Quality is everyone’s problem, not just of 
the testers 
• Testing is the responsibility of the whole 
team
Tests represent Customer Expectations 
Oops…that’s not what I intended! 
• Shared understanding of what it means 
for a story to be done
Quick Feedback 
How long does the team have to wait for information 
about how the software is behaving? 
• Faster feedback loops increase Agility – 
the ability to respond to change 
• Test automation provides rapid feedback 
on how the software is behaving
“Leave No Broken Windows” 
Keep the code clean 
• Fix bugs as they are found 
• The sooner you find a defect, the cheaper 
it is to fix
It isn't Done until it’s… 
“Done Done” 
Coded Tested Done
Test-Driven 
Defining tests with the requirements guides 
development 
http://testobsessed.com/
ON-­‐DECK 
AT-­‐BAT 
DONE 
What 
is 
the 
problem 
context? 
Concluding 
thoughts. 
Any 
ques<ons? 
What 
are 
the 
guiding 
principles 
of 
Agile 
Tes<ng 
? 
What 
are 
the 
enabling 
prac<ces? 
ATDD 
TDD 
Other 
prac<ces
Automated Testing is at the heart of Agility 
Exploratory 
Testing 
GUI 
Tests 
Acceptance Tests 
Unit Tests/ 
Component Tests 
Cucumber, 
FitNesse, 
SpecFlow 
xUnit, Mocks 
Selenium 
Business-centric 
(Are we building 
the right code?) 
Developer-centric 
(Are we building 
the code right?) 
Adaptation of Mike Cohn's test automation pyramid
But, in reality… 
Manual Scripted Testing 
Automated 
GUI 
Tests 
Acceptance 
Tests 
Unit 
Tests 
Automated Testing is NOT Selenium-type UI 
record & play tests
What are acceptance tests? 
• Tests that demonstrate business intent of 
system from end user’s point of view 
• Black-box testing
What is Acceptance Test Driven 
Development (ATDD)? 
A practice in which the whole team 
collaboratively discusses acceptance 
criteria, with examples, and then distills 
them into a set of concrete acceptance 
tests before development begins. 
- Elisabeth Hendrickson
1. 
Elicit 
details 
from 
the 
business 
stakeholders 
about 
their 
expecta<ons 
2. 
Dis<ll 
acceptance 
criteria 
into 
automatable 
tests 
expressed 
in 
a 
natural 
language 
3. 
Wire 
the 
tests 
to 
SUT 
with 
“glue” 
code 
(as 
part 
of 
implementa<on)
Sample Story Maturation Look-A-Head 
The tactical act of getting a story ready is often performed as a 
two sprint look-a-head by an “amigos” (BA, QA, Dev) team 
Sprint n Sprint n + 1 Sprint n + 2 
Select User Story 999 for Sprint n 
+2 
Re-estimate it, sharpen story & 
acceptance criteria 
Create testable example and other 
supporting material for 999 Develop 
User Story 999 
The PO and 3+ Amigos look-a- 
head and select story 999 
for inclusion for Sprint n + 2. 
They do cleanup on the story. 
The 3+ Amigos further 
support the story and the PO 
gets appropriate sign offs. 
Story 999 makes it’s way into a 
sprint and it is built.
Epics, Features, Stories 
Epics 
Stories 
Features 
Product backlog 
Priority
Modern Agile Acceptance Model 
Conditions of Satisfaction – 
Broad Terms 
Acceptance Criteria – 
Further Refined 
Examples – 
Actual scenarios or data 
Executable Examples – 
Ready to automate
Testable Examples in Gherkin 
• Executable Example, Making it Repeatable 
• Examples that can be executed are the final step 
Given the “Unregistered User” user has navigated to the “register” page 
When entering “newuser” in the “Username” field 
And entering “abc123” in the “Password” field 
And entering “abc123” in the “Confirm Password” field 
And pressing the “Register” button 
Then the text “Thank you for Registering” should appear on page 
And the URL should end with “use/accountPage” 
Can be used for both manual testing and automation
Automated Acceptance Tests 
Tool 
(Cucumber, SpecFlow, FitNesse) 
Specification 
expressed in 
common language 
“Glue” code that ties 
specification to 
System Under Test
Testing Collaboratively 
Business Analyst 
Develop usage 
scenarios 
Developer 
Tester 
Create and execute 
tests to simulate 
usage scenarios; 
Automate regression 
testing 
Create and maintain 
acceptance test “glue” 
code that ties test 
specification to 
system under test 
• Should be an integral part of every iteration/sprint, not just a 
trailing activity 
• Vital not only to prove completeness of a feature in repeatable 
fashion, but also to prove that software does not regress as it 
evolves 
• Success depends on cooperation & collaboration
Benefits of ATDD 
• Improved requirements elicitation 
• Consensus between BA/QA/Dev on the story helps 
prevent bugs & gives clear target for development 
• Reuse of Acceptance Scenarios for all phases of 
testing 
• Creates clear examples that everyone understands; 
discovers some problems before any development
ON-­‐DECK 
AT-­‐BAT 
DONE 
What 
is 
the 
problem 
context? 
Concluding 
thoughts. 
Any 
ques<ons? 
What 
are 
the 
guiding 
principles 
of 
Agile 
Tes<ng 
? 
What 
are 
the 
enabling 
prac<ces? 
ATDD 
TDD 
Other 
prac<ces
What are unit tests? 
Developer tests that determine whether the 
smallest piece of testable software in an 
application is behaving as expected 
Key Characteristics 
• Quick to execute 
• Easy to execute 
• Isolated 
• Leave the system under test unaltered
Test Doubles (Mocks) 
Used to isolate unit tests form external 
dependencies 
Why use them? 
• Ease of setup 
• Fast executing 
• To work with a subsystem that doesn’t exist 
• Simulate various execution paths of external 
system
What is Test Driven Development (TDD)? 
Write a new 
test 
Red (Failing 
Test) 
Green (Test 
Passes) 
Write Code 
Benefits 
• Better design 
• Supports change 
• Prevents gold-plating 
• Prevent bugs 
• Discover bugs
ATDD/TDD Cycle
ON-­‐DECK 
AT-­‐BAT 
DONE 
What 
is 
the 
problem 
context? 
Concluding 
thoughts. 
Any 
ques<ons? 
What 
are 
the 
guiding 
principles 
of 
Agile 
Tes<ng 
? 
What 
are 
the 
enabling 
prac<ces? 
ATDD 
TDD 
Other 
prac<ces
Build Automation & Continuous Integration 
Continuously commit 
and merge changes from 
Requirements gathering Application Development 
Source Control 
changes 
others 
Poll for changes 
Pull changes, 
Build, run tests 
Deploy to higher 
environment 
Continuous Integration (CI) Server 
Development 
tasks from requirements 
test scenarios from business 
requirements for acceptance criteria 
Acceptance Test Environment 
- Test harness 
- Tests (automated + manual) 
Execute acceptance 
tests 
against the deployed 
application 
QA 
Environment 
Deployable 
artifacts
ON-­‐DECK 
AT-­‐BAT 
DONE 
What 
is 
the 
problem 
context? 
Concluding 
thoughts. 
Any 
ques<ons? 
What 
are 
the 
guiding 
principles 
of 
Agile 
Tes<ng 
? 
What 
are 
the 
enabling 
prac<ces?
Some Barriers to Adoption 
Developer : “I’m a developer, not a tester” 
Tester: “I’m a tester, not a developer” 
Management: “Why does Dev help with testing, 
when we have QA?” 
• Necessitates behavioral change 
• Requires discipline 
• Needs generalizing specialists 
• Needs collaboration across roles
Agile Testing is supported by… 
MINDSET 
SKILLSET 
TOOLSET 
• Everyone is 
responsible to 
ensure quality 
• Testing is not a 
phase 
• Testers are not sole 
gate-keepers of 
quality 
• Customer 
collaboration 
• Requirements 
elicitation 
• Writing test 
requirements 
that assist 
developers 
• Skills to do 
different types of 
testing 
• Automation 
• Effective 
communicator 
and team player 
• Development and build tools (source control, CI, code 
coverage) 
• Requirements and examples (mock-ups, testable 
examples) 
• Multi-level test automation
Business 
Req. 
User 
Stories 
Unit 
Tests 
SoXware 
Applica<on 
Con<nuous 
Integra<on 
Automated 
Unit 
& 
Acceptance 
Tests 
Business-­‐ 
facing 
Tests 
Fixtures 
Developer 
PO/BA 
Tester
…the job of testing is to 
prevent defects, not just to find them 
- Mary Poppendieck
Thanks! 
40
Resources 
41
Some Tools (open source) 
• Unit testing: 
JUnit, Mockito, EasyMock 
• Acceptance testing: 
FitNesse 
Cucumber 
• GUI testing: 
Selenium, Sahi 
• Javascript testing: 
Jasmine, Qunit 
• Testing the database: 
DBUnit, SQLUnit, DBFit 
• Performance testing: 
JUnitPerf, JMeter 
• Usability testing: 
Manual unfortunately
Some Tools (open source) 
• Unit testing: 
MSTest, NUnit, Moq 
• Acceptance testing: 
SpecFlow 
• GUI testing: 
Selenium 
• Javascript testing: 
Chutzpa 
• Testing the database: 
Tsqlt, SSDT SQL Test 
• Performance testing: 
JetBrains, VisualStudio 2013, SQLServerProfiler, SQLLoadTest 
• Usability testing: 
Manual unfortunately
Agile Software Development 
• Extreme Programming Explained - Kent Beck 
• TDD: A Practical Guide – Dave Astels 
• Refactoring – Martin Fowler 
• Agile Estimating and Planning – Mike Cohn 
• Pragmatic Project Automation – Pragmatic Prog. 
44
Acceptance Testing 
• Bridging the Communications Gap – Gojko Adzic 
• Agile Testing – Lisa Crispin and Janet Gregory 
• The Cucumber Book - Wynne M. and Hellesoy A. 
Gherkin 
https://github.com/aslakhellesoy/cucumber/wiki/gherkin 
Cucumber 
http://cukes.info/ 
https://github.com/aslakhellesoy/cucumber/wiki/
TDD/Refactoring 
• TDD: By Example - Kent Beck 
• TDD: A Practical Guide – Dave Astels 
§ The Art of Agile Development – James Shore 
• Refactoring – Martin Fowler 
• Working Effectively with Legacy Code – Mike Feathers 
• Refactoring to Patterns – Joshua Kerievsky 
• xprogramming.com, refactoring.com, testdriven.com

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Agile testing

  • 1. Agile Testing Guiding Principles & Enabling Practices Raj Indugula raj.indugula@lithespeed.com www.lithespeed.com
  • 2. ON-­‐DECK AT-­‐BAT DONE What is the problem context? What are the guiding principles of Agile Tes<ng ? What are the enabling prac<ces? Concluding thoughts. Any ques<ons?
  • 3. Agile Approach Maximize value and quality within specified project constraints Cost Time Quality Scope
  • 4. Shared Context drives Quality Individuals and interactions… Working software… Customer collaboration… Responding to change…
  • 5. Integrated Teams & Iterative Delivery Challenges How do we… Ensure that the evolving software does not regress? Test in-cycle? Bridge the communication gap between Bus./Testing/Dev.? Adopt automation strategies? Deal with performance issues identified late? …
  • 6. ON-­‐DECK AT-­‐BAT DONE What is the problem context? Concluding thoughts. Any ques<ons? What are the guiding principles of Agile Tes<ng ? What are the enabling prac<ces?
  • 7. Move Quality Upstream Small paradigm shift with profound implications • Testing not a trailing activity • QA leads the Sprint by providing guidance and feedback on the business needs of the emerging product
  • 8. Testing is Continuous, Not a Phase Continuous testing is the only way to ensure continuous progress http://testobsessed.com/
  • 9. Testing is Collaborative The whole team can only go as fast as the slowest part • Quality is everyone’s problem, not just of the testers • Testing is the responsibility of the whole team
  • 10. Tests represent Customer Expectations Oops…that’s not what I intended! • Shared understanding of what it means for a story to be done
  • 11. Quick Feedback How long does the team have to wait for information about how the software is behaving? • Faster feedback loops increase Agility – the ability to respond to change • Test automation provides rapid feedback on how the software is behaving
  • 12. “Leave No Broken Windows” Keep the code clean • Fix bugs as they are found • The sooner you find a defect, the cheaper it is to fix
  • 13. It isn't Done until it’s… “Done Done” Coded Tested Done
  • 14. Test-Driven Defining tests with the requirements guides development http://testobsessed.com/
  • 15. ON-­‐DECK AT-­‐BAT DONE What is the problem context? Concluding thoughts. Any ques<ons? What are the guiding principles of Agile Tes<ng ? What are the enabling prac<ces? ATDD TDD Other prac<ces
  • 16. Automated Testing is at the heart of Agility Exploratory Testing GUI Tests Acceptance Tests Unit Tests/ Component Tests Cucumber, FitNesse, SpecFlow xUnit, Mocks Selenium Business-centric (Are we building the right code?) Developer-centric (Are we building the code right?) Adaptation of Mike Cohn's test automation pyramid
  • 17. But, in reality… Manual Scripted Testing Automated GUI Tests Acceptance Tests Unit Tests Automated Testing is NOT Selenium-type UI record & play tests
  • 18. What are acceptance tests? • Tests that demonstrate business intent of system from end user’s point of view • Black-box testing
  • 19. What is Acceptance Test Driven Development (ATDD)? A practice in which the whole team collaboratively discusses acceptance criteria, with examples, and then distills them into a set of concrete acceptance tests before development begins. - Elisabeth Hendrickson
  • 20. 1. Elicit details from the business stakeholders about their expecta<ons 2. Dis<ll acceptance criteria into automatable tests expressed in a natural language 3. Wire the tests to SUT with “glue” code (as part of implementa<on)
  • 21. Sample Story Maturation Look-A-Head The tactical act of getting a story ready is often performed as a two sprint look-a-head by an “amigos” (BA, QA, Dev) team Sprint n Sprint n + 1 Sprint n + 2 Select User Story 999 for Sprint n +2 Re-estimate it, sharpen story & acceptance criteria Create testable example and other supporting material for 999 Develop User Story 999 The PO and 3+ Amigos look-a- head and select story 999 for inclusion for Sprint n + 2. They do cleanup on the story. The 3+ Amigos further support the story and the PO gets appropriate sign offs. Story 999 makes it’s way into a sprint and it is built.
  • 22. Epics, Features, Stories Epics Stories Features Product backlog Priority
  • 23. Modern Agile Acceptance Model Conditions of Satisfaction – Broad Terms Acceptance Criteria – Further Refined Examples – Actual scenarios or data Executable Examples – Ready to automate
  • 24. Testable Examples in Gherkin • Executable Example, Making it Repeatable • Examples that can be executed are the final step Given the “Unregistered User” user has navigated to the “register” page When entering “newuser” in the “Username” field And entering “abc123” in the “Password” field And entering “abc123” in the “Confirm Password” field And pressing the “Register” button Then the text “Thank you for Registering” should appear on page And the URL should end with “use/accountPage” Can be used for both manual testing and automation
  • 25. Automated Acceptance Tests Tool (Cucumber, SpecFlow, FitNesse) Specification expressed in common language “Glue” code that ties specification to System Under Test
  • 26. Testing Collaboratively Business Analyst Develop usage scenarios Developer Tester Create and execute tests to simulate usage scenarios; Automate regression testing Create and maintain acceptance test “glue” code that ties test specification to system under test • Should be an integral part of every iteration/sprint, not just a trailing activity • Vital not only to prove completeness of a feature in repeatable fashion, but also to prove that software does not regress as it evolves • Success depends on cooperation & collaboration
  • 27. Benefits of ATDD • Improved requirements elicitation • Consensus between BA/QA/Dev on the story helps prevent bugs & gives clear target for development • Reuse of Acceptance Scenarios for all phases of testing • Creates clear examples that everyone understands; discovers some problems before any development
  • 28. ON-­‐DECK AT-­‐BAT DONE What is the problem context? Concluding thoughts. Any ques<ons? What are the guiding principles of Agile Tes<ng ? What are the enabling prac<ces? ATDD TDD Other prac<ces
  • 29. What are unit tests? Developer tests that determine whether the smallest piece of testable software in an application is behaving as expected Key Characteristics • Quick to execute • Easy to execute • Isolated • Leave the system under test unaltered
  • 30. Test Doubles (Mocks) Used to isolate unit tests form external dependencies Why use them? • Ease of setup • Fast executing • To work with a subsystem that doesn’t exist • Simulate various execution paths of external system
  • 31. What is Test Driven Development (TDD)? Write a new test Red (Failing Test) Green (Test Passes) Write Code Benefits • Better design • Supports change • Prevents gold-plating • Prevent bugs • Discover bugs
  • 33. ON-­‐DECK AT-­‐BAT DONE What is the problem context? Concluding thoughts. Any ques<ons? What are the guiding principles of Agile Tes<ng ? What are the enabling prac<ces? ATDD TDD Other prac<ces
  • 34. Build Automation & Continuous Integration Continuously commit and merge changes from Requirements gathering Application Development Source Control changes others Poll for changes Pull changes, Build, run tests Deploy to higher environment Continuous Integration (CI) Server Development tasks from requirements test scenarios from business requirements for acceptance criteria Acceptance Test Environment - Test harness - Tests (automated + manual) Execute acceptance tests against the deployed application QA Environment Deployable artifacts
  • 35. ON-­‐DECK AT-­‐BAT DONE What is the problem context? Concluding thoughts. Any ques<ons? What are the guiding principles of Agile Tes<ng ? What are the enabling prac<ces?
  • 36. Some Barriers to Adoption Developer : “I’m a developer, not a tester” Tester: “I’m a tester, not a developer” Management: “Why does Dev help with testing, when we have QA?” • Necessitates behavioral change • Requires discipline • Needs generalizing specialists • Needs collaboration across roles
  • 37. Agile Testing is supported by… MINDSET SKILLSET TOOLSET • Everyone is responsible to ensure quality • Testing is not a phase • Testers are not sole gate-keepers of quality • Customer collaboration • Requirements elicitation • Writing test requirements that assist developers • Skills to do different types of testing • Automation • Effective communicator and team player • Development and build tools (source control, CI, code coverage) • Requirements and examples (mock-ups, testable examples) • Multi-level test automation
  • 38. Business Req. User Stories Unit Tests SoXware Applica<on Con<nuous Integra<on Automated Unit & Acceptance Tests Business-­‐ facing Tests Fixtures Developer PO/BA Tester
  • 39. …the job of testing is to prevent defects, not just to find them - Mary Poppendieck
  • 42. Some Tools (open source) • Unit testing: JUnit, Mockito, EasyMock • Acceptance testing: FitNesse Cucumber • GUI testing: Selenium, Sahi • Javascript testing: Jasmine, Qunit • Testing the database: DBUnit, SQLUnit, DBFit • Performance testing: JUnitPerf, JMeter • Usability testing: Manual unfortunately
  • 43. Some Tools (open source) • Unit testing: MSTest, NUnit, Moq • Acceptance testing: SpecFlow • GUI testing: Selenium • Javascript testing: Chutzpa • Testing the database: Tsqlt, SSDT SQL Test • Performance testing: JetBrains, VisualStudio 2013, SQLServerProfiler, SQLLoadTest • Usability testing: Manual unfortunately
  • 44. Agile Software Development • Extreme Programming Explained - Kent Beck • TDD: A Practical Guide – Dave Astels • Refactoring – Martin Fowler • Agile Estimating and Planning – Mike Cohn • Pragmatic Project Automation – Pragmatic Prog. 44
  • 45. Acceptance Testing • Bridging the Communications Gap – Gojko Adzic • Agile Testing – Lisa Crispin and Janet Gregory • The Cucumber Book - Wynne M. and Hellesoy A. Gherkin https://github.com/aslakhellesoy/cucumber/wiki/gherkin Cucumber http://cukes.info/ https://github.com/aslakhellesoy/cucumber/wiki/
  • 46. TDD/Refactoring • TDD: By Example - Kent Beck • TDD: A Practical Guide – Dave Astels § The Art of Agile Development – James Shore • Refactoring – Martin Fowler • Working Effectively with Legacy Code – Mike Feathers • Refactoring to Patterns – Joshua Kerievsky • xprogramming.com, refactoring.com, testdriven.com