agg-supply-senior-econ.ppt
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Aggregate supply refers to the total quantity of goods and services that firms in an economy plan to produce. It must be distinguished between the short run and long run. In the short run, aggregate supply is represented by the short run aggregate supply (SRAS) curve, which shows the relationship between output and the price level, assuming other factors are held constant. In the long run, aggregate supply is represented by a vertical line at full employment output. Factors that can cause the aggregate supply curve to shift include government supply-side policies, investment, changes in the labor market, and legislation.
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Aggregate supply
The document discusses aggregate supply curves, including short-run aggregate supply (SRAS) and long-run aggregate supply (LRAS) curves. The SRAS curve slopes upward as producers are willing to supply more output when prices are higher in the short-run before input prices adjust. The LRAS curve is vertical at the natural level of output, as prices and costs have fully adjusted in the long-run. The document also discusses factors that can cause shifts in the SRAS and LRAS curves such as changes in input prices, taxes, and economic growth.
MACROECONOMICS-CH9
1. The document discusses the differences between the short run and long run in macroeconomics and introduces the aggregate demand and aggregate supply model.
2. In the short run, prices are sticky and output can deviate from full employment, while in the long run prices are flexible and output depends only on supply.
3. The model shows how shocks like changes in money supply, velocity, or oil prices can affect output and inflation in the short and long run.
3.3 Macro Economic Models
This document describes key macroeconomic concepts related to aggregate demand and aggregate supply, including:
1) The components of aggregate demand (C, I, G, X-M) and factors that can change each component.
2) The short-run and long-run aggregate supply curves and how costs of production and productivity can cause shifts.
3) Using AD/AS models to illustrate inflationary and deflationary gaps and analyze the effects of fiscal and monetary policy changes.
SRAS SFLS
The document discusses the concepts of short-run aggregate supply (SRAS) and long-run aggregate supply (LRAS). SRAS is upward-sloping in the short-run as nominal changes can affect real variables. LRAS is vertical in the long-run as nominal changes do not impact real factors. SRAS can shift due to factors like taxes, productivity, and wages. LRAS shifts from changes to labor, capital or technology. Together, SRAS and LRAS make up the overall aggregate supply curve.
Short Run Aggregate Supply (SRAS)
Short-run aggregate supply (SRAS) is the relationship between the price level and real GDP in the short-run. There is a positive relationship where higher prices are associated with greater output. SRAS slopes upward to show that as prices rise, firms are able to produce more by increasing labor utilization through overtime or hiring more workers at higher wages. Factors that influence production costs, such as input prices, wages, taxes, and exchange rates can cause the SRAS curve to shift.
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The document provides an overview of aggregate demand and aggregate supply models in economics. It defines aggregate demand and supply curves, and explains how each curve is derived. The aggregate demand curve slopes downward, as the price level and real GDP are inversely related due to interest rate, wealth, and trade effects. The aggregate supply curve slopes upward in the short-run due to sticky wages and prices. Shifts in aggregate demand and supply curves can occur due to changes in consumption, investment, government spending, net exports, technology or costs.
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The document provides an overview of aggregate demand and aggregate supply models in economics. It defines aggregate demand and supply curves, and explains how each curve is derived. The aggregate demand curve slopes downward, as the quantity of goods and services demanded decreases when the price level increases. The aggregate supply curve slopes upward in the short-run, as higher prices induce firms to supply greater quantities. The document discusses factors that can cause shifts in the aggregate demand and supply curves, such as fiscal and monetary policy, productivity, costs of inputs, and weather events.
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The document discusses aggregate demand (AD), aggregate supply (AS), and how they interact to determine price levels and output in both the short-term and long-term. It explains that in the short-term, prices are "viscous" or sticky, so a decrease in aggregate demand will lower output but not prices, causing unemployment. In the long-term, prices are flexible so the same decrease in demand only lowers prices, not output. Central banks can use monetary policy to stabilize demand and reduce fluctuations in output and employment. The document also discusses how supply shocks can cause stagflation by raising prices and lowering output.
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The document discusses aggregate supply curves, including short-run aggregate supply (SRAS) and long-run aggregate supply (LRAS) curves. The SRAS curve slopes upward as producers are willing to supply more output when prices are higher in the short-run before input prices adjust. The LRAS curve is vertical at the natural level of output, as prices and costs have fully adjusted in the long-run. The document also discusses factors that can cause shifts in the SRAS and LRAS curves such as changes in input prices, taxes, and economic growth.
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1. The document discusses the differences between the short run and long run in macroeconomics and introduces the aggregate demand and aggregate supply model.
2. In the short run, prices are sticky and output can deviate from full employment, while in the long run prices are flexible and output depends only on supply.
3. The model shows how shocks like changes in money supply, velocity, or oil prices can affect output and inflation in the short and long run.
3.3 Macro Economic Models
This document describes key macroeconomic concepts related to aggregate demand and aggregate supply, including:
1) The components of aggregate demand (C, I, G, X-M) and factors that can change each component.
2) The short-run and long-run aggregate supply curves and how costs of production and productivity can cause shifts.
3) Using AD/AS models to illustrate inflationary and deflationary gaps and analyze the effects of fiscal and monetary policy changes.
SRAS SFLS
The document discusses the concepts of short-run aggregate supply (SRAS) and long-run aggregate supply (LRAS). SRAS is upward-sloping in the short-run as nominal changes can affect real variables. LRAS is vertical in the long-run as nominal changes do not impact real factors. SRAS can shift due to factors like taxes, productivity, and wages. LRAS shifts from changes to labor, capital or technology. Together, SRAS and LRAS make up the overall aggregate supply curve.
Short Run Aggregate Supply (SRAS)
Short-run aggregate supply (SRAS) is the relationship between the price level and real GDP in the short-run. There is a positive relationship where higher prices are associated with greater output. SRAS slopes upward to show that as prices rise, firms are able to produce more by increasing labor utilization through overtime or hiring more workers at higher wages. Factors that influence production costs, such as input prices, wages, taxes, and exchange rates can cause the SRAS curve to shift.
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The document provides an overview of aggregate demand and aggregate supply models in economics. It defines aggregate demand and supply curves, and explains how each curve is derived. The aggregate demand curve slopes downward, as the price level and real GDP are inversely related due to interest rate, wealth, and trade effects. The aggregate supply curve slopes upward in the short-run due to sticky wages and prices. Shifts in aggregate demand and supply curves can occur due to changes in consumption, investment, government spending, net exports, technology or costs.
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The document provides an overview of aggregate demand and aggregate supply models in economics. It defines aggregate demand and supply curves, and explains how each curve is derived. The aggregate demand curve slopes downward, as the quantity of goods and services demanded decreases when the price level increases. The aggregate supply curve slopes upward in the short-run, as higher prices induce firms to supply greater quantities. The document discusses factors that can cause shifts in the aggregate demand and supply curves, such as fiscal and monetary policy, productivity, costs of inputs, and weather events.
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The document discusses aggregate demand (AD), aggregate supply (AS), and how they interact to determine price levels and output in both the short-term and long-term. It explains that in the short-term, prices are "viscous" or sticky, so a decrease in aggregate demand will lower output but not prices, causing unemployment. In the long-term, prices are flexible so the same decrease in demand only lowers prices, not output. Central banks can use monetary policy to stabilize demand and reduce fluctuations in output and employment. The document also discusses how supply shocks can cause stagflation by raising prices and lowering output.
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The document discusses macroeconomic equilibrium in the short run and long run. It explains that in the short run, equilibrium occurs at the intersection of aggregate demand (AD) and aggregate supply (AS) curves, determining real GDP and the price level. It then defines and compares short-run situations: a recessionary gap where output is below potential and an inflationary gap where output exceeds potential. The long run equilibrium exists where output is at potential GDP and unemployment is at the natural rate. It also discusses how changes in AD or AS can shift short-run equilibrium.
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The document summarizes the AD-AS model used to analyze economic fluctuations. It describes how short-run macroeconomic equilibrium occurs at the intersection of the AD and SRAS curves. Demand shocks shift the AD curve and cause output and prices to move together, while supply shocks shift the SRAS curve and cause output and prices to move in opposite directions. In the long run, the economy self-corrects to the intersection of the AD, SRAS, and LRAS curves at potential output.
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The document discusses aggregate demand and aggregate supply and short-run economic fluctuations. It provides details on the aggregate demand curve, which slopes downward due to wealth, interest rate, and exchange rate effects. The aggregate supply curve is vertical in the long-run and upward sloping in the short-run, due to price stickiness. Economic fluctuations can be caused by shifts in aggregate demand or aggregate supply, which can result in changes to output and price levels in both the short-run and long-run.
aggregate-demand-and-aggregate-supply.pptx
This document provides an overview of aggregate demand, aggregate supply, and how they interact in the short run and long run. It defines aggregate demand and supply and explains the key components of aggregate demand. It then discusses the wealth effect, interest rate effect, and international trade effect which can shift the aggregate demand curve. Next, it defines the long run and short run aggregate supply curves and explains why the short run curve is upward sloping. It identifies several factors that can cause shifts in the short run and long run aggregate supply curves. Finally, it summarizes the short run and long run effects of changes in aggregate demand and negative supply shocks.
aggregate-demand-and-aggregate-supply.pdf
1. The document provides an overview of aggregate demand, aggregate supply, and how they interact in the short-run and long-run.
2. It defines aggregate demand as determined by GDP components (C, I, G, NX) which are influenced by prices. Aggregate supply is defined as the quantity of goods firms are willing to supply, shown on long-run and short-run curves.
3. The short-run aggregate supply curve slopes up due to price stickiness from contracts, slow wage adjustments, and menu costs. Shifts can occur from changes to inputs, productivity, or supply shocks.
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This document discusses short-run economic fluctuations and the aggregate demand and aggregate supply model. It provides background on recessions and the business cycle. It then explains key aspects of the aggregate demand and aggregate supply model, including how the aggregate demand curve slopes downward and how the aggregate supply curve slopes upward in the short-run due to price/wage stickiness. Factors that can shift the curves, such as consumption, investment and expected inflation, are also outlined.
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1) The document discusses aggregate supply, which is the relationship between the price level and the amount of output firms are willing to supply given resource prices, technology, and institutions.
2) It explains how shifts in aggregate supply can lead to expansionary or contractionary gaps in the short run that are closed through price level adjustments in the long run.
3) Beneficial supply shocks increase aggregate supply, lowering prices and raising output, while adverse shocks decrease supply, raising prices and lowering output.
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Economic fluctuations are irregular and unpredictable. Recessions occur when real incomes decline and unemployment rises, while expansions see rising incomes and falling unemployment. The AD-AS model is used to analyze fluctuations in the short-run. Aggregate demand (AD) shows the relationship between output and price level, with a negative slope. Aggregate supply (AS) shows how much output can be supplied, with a vertical long-run curve and horizontal short-run curve. Shocks like increases in oil prices can cause stagflation as costs and prices rise while output declines.
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Aggregate demand and aggregate supply determine macroeconomic equilibrium. Aggregate supply depends on labor, capital, and technology and can be either long-run or short-run. Aggregate demand depends on consumption, investment, government spending, and net exports. The intersection of the aggregate demand and supply curves determines equilibrium output and price levels in the short-run. Changes in factors like expectations, fiscal policy, and the world economy cause the aggregate demand curve to shift, affecting equilibrium.
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There are several types and definitions of inflation discussed in the document:
1. Inflation refers to a general and widespread increase in the price level of goods and services in an economy over time. It can be caused by too much money chasing too few goods.
2. Inflation is classified by its speed - from creeping inflation of around 2% annually to hyperinflation of over 16%.
3. Inflation can also be comprehensive, affecting prices across the board, or sporadic in certain sectors due to production bottlenecks.
4. Measuring inflation involves calculating price indices and inflation rates which track changes in the general price level over time. The GDP deflator also measures
ad&as.pptx
1) Economists use the aggregate demand and supply model to explain short-run fluctuations in economic activity around its long-run trend.
2) The aggregate demand curve shows the quantity of goods and services demanded at each price level, while the aggregate supply curve shows the quantity supplied.
3) In the short run, shifts in aggregate demand or supply can cause fluctuations in output and prices, but in the long run only demand shifts affect prices, not output.
Aggregate Supply / Aggregate Demand Model
The document summarizes key concepts in macroeconomics including aggregate demand, aggregate supply, and macroeconomic equilibrium. It discusses:
1) The components of aggregate demand - consumption, investment, government spending, and net exports - and how each can influence overall demand.
2) How the aggregate demand curve depicts the relationship between price level and real output. A shift in the AD curve represents a change in a component of demand.
3) The short-run and long-run aggregate supply curves and debates around their shapes. Supply can also shift due to changes in inputs like technology.
4) Macroeconomic equilibrium is reached at the intersection of the AD and AS curves, where total spending equals total output
Agrregate Demand and Supply
Short-run economic fluctuations are caused by shifts in aggregate demand and aggregate supply. A decrease in aggregate demand causes output to fall in the short run as the economy enters a recession, with declining GDP and rising unemployment. In the long run, output returns to its natural rate. An adverse shift in aggregate supply also causes output to fall and can lead to stagflation, with both recession and inflation. Policymakers aim to stabilize output by influencing aggregate demand.
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This chapter introduces the concepts of the business cycle, aggregate demand, aggregate supply, and the model of aggregate demand and aggregate supply. It discusses how the economy behaves differently in the short-run versus long-run. In the short-run, many prices are sticky so the aggregate supply curve is horizontal, but in the long-run prices are flexible so the aggregate supply curve is vertical. The model can be used to analyze how shocks like changes in the money supply, velocity, or supply shocks impact output and inflation in both the short-run and long-run. An example is given of the 1970s oil shocks, which were adverse supply shocks that increased costs and shifted the short-run aggregate supply curve
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This document provides an overview of aggregate demand and aggregate supply concepts in macroeconomics. It defines key terms like aggregate demand curve, aggregate supply curve, equilibrium output and price level. It explains how shifts in aggregate demand and aggregate supply due to factors like money supply changes, government policies, supply shocks etc. affect equilibrium output and price level in both short-run and long-run. The document also discusses concepts like Keynesian and classical aggregate supply curves, supply-side economics and price adjustment mechanism.
Section 2 definitions diagrams
A market enables buyers and sellers to interact and determine prices for goods and services. This interaction allocates resources based on supply and demand. A firm aims to maximize profit by producing at the output level where marginal revenue equals marginal cost. The profit-maximizing level of output depends on the firm's cost structures and the demand for its products. Non-profit maximization goals include revenue or sales maximization, breaking even, or shutting down operations if prices fall below costs.
Module 40 economic growth in macroeconomic models
Long-run economic growth is defined as a sustained rise in output over time, as opposed to short-term business cycle fluctuations. Growth depends on rising productivity, which is fostered by good policy promoting capital investment, education, technology, and stability. This is shown as an outward shift of the production possibilities curve (PPC) and a rightward shift of the long-run aggregate supply (LRAS) curve. While actual output varies in the short run, potential output increases through long-run growth.
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equilibrium (ad
The document discusses macroeconomic equilibrium in the short run and long run. It explains that in the short run, equilibrium occurs at the intersection of aggregate demand (AD) and aggregate supply (AS) curves, determining real GDP and the price level. It then defines and compares short-run situations: a recessionary gap where output is below potential and an inflationary gap where output exceeds potential. The long run equilibrium exists where output is at potential GDP and unemployment is at the natural rate. It also discusses how changes in AD or AS can shift short-run equilibrium.
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The document discusses aggregate demand and aggregate supply and short-run economic fluctuations. It provides details on the aggregate demand curve, which slopes downward due to wealth, interest rate, and exchange rate effects. The aggregate supply curve is vertical in the long-run and upward sloping in the short-run, due to price stickiness. Economic fluctuations can be caused by shifts in aggregate demand or aggregate supply, which can result in changes to output and price levels in both the short-run and long-run.
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This document provides an overview of aggregate demand, aggregate supply, and how they interact in the short run and long run. It defines aggregate demand and supply and explains the key components of aggregate demand. It then discusses the wealth effect, interest rate effect, and international trade effect which can shift the aggregate demand curve. Next, it defines the long run and short run aggregate supply curves and explains why the short run curve is upward sloping. It identifies several factors that can cause shifts in the short run and long run aggregate supply curves. Finally, it summarizes the short run and long run effects of changes in aggregate demand and negative supply shocks.
aggregate-demand-and-aggregate-supply.pdf
1. The document provides an overview of aggregate demand, aggregate supply, and how they interact in the short-run and long-run.
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This document discusses short-run economic fluctuations and the aggregate demand and aggregate supply model. It provides background on recessions and the business cycle. It then explains key aspects of the aggregate demand and aggregate supply model, including how the aggregate demand curve slopes downward and how the aggregate supply curve slopes upward in the short-run due to price/wage stickiness. Factors that can shift the curves, such as consumption, investment and expected inflation, are also outlined.
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The document discusses macroeconomic models including the production possibilities frontier (PPF), the long-run aggregate supply (LRAS) curve, the aggregate demand (AD) curve, the short-run aggregate supply (SRAS) curve, and how they relate to the circular flow model and determine equilibrium output and prices in both the short-run and long-run. It also provides examples of factors that can cause these curves and equilibriums to shift, such as consumer confidence, taxes, government spending, money supply, labor force, and technology changes.
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The document discusses aggregate supply, which is the relationship between the price level and the quantity of output firms are willing to supply. It examines aggregate supply from both short-run and long-run perspectives. In the short-run, aggregate supply is upward-sloping as input prices like wages are sticky. In the long-run, costs adjust fully to price level changes, making aggregate supply vertical. The aggregate supply curve can shift due to cost changes from factors like input prices, technology, or policies.
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1) The document discusses aggregate supply, which is the relationship between the price level and the amount of output firms are willing to supply given resource prices, technology, and institutions.
2) It explains how shifts in aggregate supply can lead to expansionary or contractionary gaps in the short run that are closed through price level adjustments in the long run.
3) Beneficial supply shocks increase aggregate supply, lowering prices and raising output, while adverse shocks decrease supply, raising prices and lowering output.
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Aggregate demand and aggregate supply determine macroeconomic equilibrium. Aggregate supply depends on labor, capital, and technology and can be either long-run or short-run. Aggregate demand depends on consumption, investment, government spending, and net exports. The intersection of the aggregate demand and supply curves determines equilibrium output and price levels in the short-run. Changes in factors like expectations, fiscal policy, and the world economy cause the aggregate demand curve to shift, affecting equilibrium.
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2. Inflation is classified by its speed - from creeping inflation of around 2% annually to hyperinflation of over 16%.
3. Inflation can also be comprehensive, affecting prices across the board, or sporadic in certain sectors due to production bottlenecks.
4. Measuring inflation involves calculating price indices and inflation rates which track changes in the general price level over time. The GDP deflator also measures
ad&as.pptx
1) Economists use the aggregate demand and supply model to explain short-run fluctuations in economic activity around its long-run trend.
2) The aggregate demand curve shows the quantity of goods and services demanded at each price level, while the aggregate supply curve shows the quantity supplied.
3) In the short run, shifts in aggregate demand or supply can cause fluctuations in output and prices, but in the long run only demand shifts affect prices, not output.
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The document summarizes key concepts in macroeconomics including aggregate demand, aggregate supply, and macroeconomic equilibrium. It discusses:
1) The components of aggregate demand - consumption, investment, government spending, and net exports - and how each can influence overall demand.
2) How the aggregate demand curve depicts the relationship between price level and real output. A shift in the AD curve represents a change in a component of demand.
3) The short-run and long-run aggregate supply curves and debates around their shapes. Supply can also shift due to changes in inputs like technology.
4) Macroeconomic equilibrium is reached at the intersection of the AD and AS curves, where total spending equals total output
Agrregate Demand and Supply
Short-run economic fluctuations are caused by shifts in aggregate demand and aggregate supply. A decrease in aggregate demand causes output to fall in the short run as the economy enters a recession, with declining GDP and rising unemployment. In the long run, output returns to its natural rate. An adverse shift in aggregate supply also causes output to fall and can lead to stagflation, with both recession and inflation. Policymakers aim to stabilize output by influencing aggregate demand.
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A market enables buyers and sellers to interact and determine prices for goods and services. This interaction allocates resources based on supply and demand. A firm aims to maximize profit by producing at the output level where marginal revenue equals marginal cost. The profit-maximizing level of output depends on the firm's cost structures and the demand for its products. Non-profit maximization goals include revenue or sales maximization, breaking even, or shutting down operations if prices fall below costs.
Module 40 economic growth in macroeconomic models
Long-run economic growth is defined as a sustained rise in output over time, as opposed to short-term business cycle fluctuations. Growth depends on rising productivity, which is fostered by good policy promoting capital investment, education, technology, and stability. This is shown as an outward shift of the production possibilities curve (PPC) and a rightward shift of the long-run aggregate supply (LRAS) curve. While actual output varies in the short run, potential output increases through long-run growth.
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做澳洲澳大利亚国立大学毕业证荣誉学位证书原版一模一样
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【澳洲澳大利亚国立大学毕业证荣誉学位证书】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Using Online job postings and survey data to understand labour market trends
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[4:55 p.m.] Bryan Oates
OJPs are becoming a critical resource for policy-makers and researchers who study the labour market. LMIC continues to work with Vicinity Jobs’ data on OJPs, which can be explored in our Canadian Job Trends Dashboard. Valuable insights have been gained through our analysis of OJP data, including LMIC research lead
Suzanne Spiteri’s recent report on improving the quality and accessibility of job postings to reduce employment barriers for neurodivergent people.
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Discover the Future of Dogecoin with Our Comprehensive Guidance
Learn in-depth about Dogecoin's trajectory and stay informed with 36crypto's essential and up-to-date information about the crypto space.
Our presentation delves into Dogecoin's potential future, exploring whether it's destined to skyrocket to the moon or face a downward spiral. In addition, it highlights invaluable insights. Don't miss out on this opportunity to enhance your crypto understanding!
https://36crypto.com/the-future-of-dogecoin-how-high-can-this-cryptocurrency-reach/
快速办理(SMU毕业证书)南卫理公会大学毕业证毕业完成信一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(SMU毕业证书)南卫理公会大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
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TEST BANK Principles of cost accounting 17th edition edward j vanderbeck mari...
TEST BANK Principles of cost accounting 17th edition edward j vanderbeck maria r mitchell.docx
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OAT_RI_Ep20 WeighingTheRisks_May24_Trade Wars.pptx
How will new technology fields affect economic trade?
International Sustainability Standards Board
Issb standards
New standard for reporting sustainability on lines of tcfd
Bridging the gap: Online job postings, survey data and the assessment of job ...
Bridging the gap: Online job postings, survey data and the assessment of job ...Labour Market Information Council | Conseil de l’information sur le marché du travail
OJP data from firms like Vicinity Jobs have emerged as a complement to traditional sources of labour demand data, such as the Job Vacancy and Wages Survey (JVWS). Ibrahim Abuallail, PhD Candidate, University of Ottawa, presented research relating to bias in OJPs and a proposed approach to effectively adjust OJP data to complement existing official data (such as from the JVWS) and improve the measurement of labour demand.South Dakota State University degree offer diploma Transcript
办理美国SDSU毕业证书制作南达科他州立大学假文凭定制Q微168899991做SDSU留信网教留服认证海牙认证改SDSU成绩单GPA做SDSU假学位证假文凭高仿毕业证GRE代考如何申请南达科他州立大学South Dakota State University degree offer diploma Transcript
Enhancing Asset Quality: Strategies for Financial Institutions
Ensuring robust asset quality is not just a mere aspect but a critical cornerstone for the stability and success of financial institutions worldwide. It serves as the bedrock upon which profitability is built and investor confidence is sustained. Therefore, in this presentation, we delve into a comprehensive exploration of strategies that can aid financial institutions in achieving and maintaining superior asset quality.
高仿英国伦敦艺术大学毕业证（ual毕业证书）文凭证书原版一模一样
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【英国伦敦艺术大学毕业证（ual毕业证书）文凭证书】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
快速办理(美国Fordham毕业证书)福德汉姆大学毕业证学历证书一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(美国Fordham毕业证书)福德汉姆大学毕业证学历证书》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Independent Study - College of Wooster Research (2023-2024) FDI, Culture, Glo...
Independent Study - College of Wooster Research (2023-2024) FDI, Culture, Glo...AntoniaOwensDetwiler
"Does Foreign Direct Investment Negatively Affect Preservation of Culture in the Global South? Case Studies in Thailand and Cambodia."
Do elements of globalization, such as Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), negatively affect the ability of countries in the Global South to preserve their culture? This research aims to answer this question by employing a cross-sectional comparative case study analysis utilizing methods of difference. Thailand and Cambodia are compared as they are in the same region and have a similar culture. The metric of difference between Thailand and Cambodia is their ability to preserve their culture. This ability is operationalized by their respective attitudes towards FDI; Thailand imposes stringent regulations and limitations on FDI while Cambodia does not hesitate to accept most FDI and imposes fewer limitations. The evidence from this study suggests that FDI from globally influential countries with high gross domestic products (GDPs) (e.g. China, U.S.) challenges the ability of countries with lower GDPs (e.g. Cambodia) to protect their culture. Furthermore, the ability, or lack thereof, of the receiving countries to protect their culture is amplified by the existence and implementation of restrictive FDI policies imposed by their governments.
My study abroad in Bali, Indonesia, inspired this research topic as I noticed how globalization is changing the culture of its people. I learned their language and way of life which helped me understand the beauty and importance of cultural preservation. I believe we could all benefit from learning new perspectives as they could help us ideate solutions to contemporary issues and empathize with others.Recently uploaded (20)
Using Online job postings and survey data to understand labour market trends
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New Visa Rules for Tourists and Students in Thailand | Amit Kakkar Easy Visa
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Discover the Future of Dogecoin with Our Comprehensive Guidance
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falcon-invoice-discounting-a-premier-investment-platform-for-superior-returns...
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OAT_RI_Ep20 WeighingTheRisks_May24_Trade Wars.pptx
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Bridging the gap: Online job postings, survey data and the assessment of job ...
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South Dakota State University degree offer diploma Transcript
South Dakota State University degree offer diploma Transcript
Enhancing Asset Quality: Strategies for Financial Institutions
Enhancing Asset Quality: Strategies for Financial Institutions
Independent Study - College of Wooster Research (2023-2024) FDI, Culture, Glo...
Independent Study - College of Wooster Research (2023-2024) FDI, Culture, Glo...
agg-supply-senior-econ.ppt
- 2. Aggregate Supply Macro concept – WHOLE economy The sum total of all final goods and services which firms plan to produce. Must distinguish between two time periods
- 3. Short Run Aggregate Supply SRAS curve = graphical representation of the relationship b/w production (or output) and the price level –ceteris paribus A rise in price level increase real output and vice- versa Price Level real GDP SRAS
- 4. Short Run Aggregate Supply Price Level real GDP Depression/Recession Range Intermediate Range Physical Limit SRAS Qfe
- 5. Long Run Aggregate Supply = vertical Price Level real GDP Depression/Recession Range Intermediate Range Physical Limit Qfe LRAS= Full employment SRAS
- 6. If you SNOOOZE you LOOOZE!!
- 7. Aggregate Supply Shifters LRAS & SRAS Government supply-side policies Investment in capital Labor changes Legislation changes Now for the details of each shifter . . . Price Level real GDP SRAS1 SRAS2
- 8. Government Supply Side Policies Definition: Examples:
- 9. Investment Change in quantity and quality. Definition: Examples:
- 10. Labor Changes in quantity and quality Definition: Examples:
- 12. Aggregate Supply Shift ONLY for SR Increases of SRAS Changes in Factor Prices Changes in Weather Price Level real GDP SRAS1 SRAS2
- 13. Time to practice Aggregate Supply