The document discusses the history and development of public health in developing countries. It traces how public health initially focused on health promotion and disease prevention but failed to control diseases due to an overemphasis on biomedical approaches without community involvement. This led to infectious diseases remaining a major public health problem alongside a growing burden of non-communicable diseases. Some key non-communicable diseases discussed are cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancers, tobacco and alcohol use, and mental health issues. The document advocates for comprehensive policy interventions rather than just individual behavior change and promotes establishing basic health facilities, health promotion programs, and healthy public policies to address disease risks at the population level.

1. Tracing back public health in
developing countries
Jene Shrestha
MPH Student
Pokhara University
2018

2. Age of Socialized Public health
 It mainly focused on enhancing healthy lives by
addressing risks through health promotional activities.
 Dominance of biomedical science approach without
adequate focus on community resulted in failure of mass
disease control campaign
 Infectious communicable disease continued to become
major public health problem and added to that was burden
of non communicable diseases in low and middle income
countries.
4/25/2018 Advanced concept of Public health -Jene 2

3. Major non communicable diseases
 Cardiovascular diseases: Increasing adoption of lifestyle
of high income countries
 Diabetes No accessibility of insulin for majority of
population although insulin was developed in 1921
 Cancers (Liver cancer, Stomach cancer) High
consumption of salt and salted, smoked, pickled and
preserved food.
4/25/2018 3Advanced concept of Public health -Jene

4.  Breast cancer: High calorie diet, Lack of exercise and
reproductive factors.
 Cervical cancer: HPV infection
 Tobacco and alcohol use – Increased resulting in
tobacco related illness and death worldwide
 Mental Health : Substance abuse, Lack of trained and
aware health workers
 Aging : Around 50% suffered from chronic disease
4/25/2018 Advanced concept of Public health -Jene 4

5. Addressing risks
 A comprehensive policy interventions is more effective
rather than focusing on behavior change of sole
individual
 It is also uneconomical to promote unregulated growth
of expensive specialized health care services focused
on individual patient who come and seek services at
advanced stage of disease.
 Healthy public policies are needed to change the
physical and socioeconomic environment
4/25/2018 Advanced concept of Public health -Jene 5

6. Addressing risks
 Promoting physical activity and healthy eating habits
 Application of cost effective interventions at primary
prevention level so that people may not suffer from
disease
 Establishment of basic health facilities and
community based treatment, rehabilitative and
pallitative services contributed in improving the
quality of life of people
4/25/2018 Advanced concept of Public health -Jene 6

7. Addressing risk
 Development and modifications of healthy public
policies and appropriate health legislation ,regulation
and financing mechanisms
 Selection of national programs interventions within
the potentially feasible for implementation within
existing resources
4/25/2018 Advanced concept of Public health -Jene 7

8. Conclusion
 Health promotion a core function of public health was
recognized for being effective in reducing the burden
of both communicable and non communicable disease
and in mitigating the social and economic impact of
such disease.
4/25/2018 Advanced concept of Public health -Jene 8

9. Reference
 Detels, R., Beaglehole, R., Lasang, M. A., & Gulliford,
M. (2009). Oxford Textbook of Public Health (Vol. I).
Oxford University Press.
4/25/2018 Advanced concept of Public health -Jene 9

10. 4/25/2018 Advanced concept of Public health -Jene 10