World health day 2021 theme

1. World health day
2021 theme
-Dr Arundas H
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2. Contents
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Determinants of health equity
Health equity v/s equality
WHO’s work to improve health equity
Assessment of health equity
Gender equity

3. Environment
• 40% of world’s population have no facility for proper hand hygiene
• 43% of health care setting have no hand hygiene facilities
• 7 million people a year die from exposure to air pollution
• Over 90% people breathe outdoor air with pollution levels exceeding
WHO guidelines
• 3.8 million deaths from household air pollution
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4. Environment
• Lack of handwashing puts around 1 billion people at risk of Covid 19
• Indoor air pollution makes people vulnerable to Covid 19
• Economic impacts lead to change in clean practices at home
Action:
• Multisectoral action is essential
• Clean fuel & technologies for cooking
• Adequate water & sanitation
• Environment friendly designed urban plans
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5. Mobility
• Road traffic accident kills 1.3 million people every year
• Fear of covid 19 transmission resulted in changes in mobility pattern
• Significant reduction in public transport use
Action
• Promote modes of transport favoring physical activity
• Aim at enhancing public transport system
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6. Economic and commercial factors
• Poor health is associated with low socioeconomic status
• Pandemic has caused a large global recession in history
• The brunt of which will be borne by communities that can least afford
Action:
• Sound public-sector decision-making process
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7. Health equity
• Absence of unfair, avoidable and remediable differences
• In health status among group of people
• Health equity is achieved when everyone can attain full potential
for health and well-being
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8. Cause of death
High income countries Low income countries
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Source: Global Health Estimates 2019

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10. Facts from WHO on
health inequity
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Children from 20% poorest household
are likely to die under 5 years as children
in the richest 20 %
Women in Afghanistan have a lifetime
risk of maternal death of 1 in 100, while a
women in Ireland has a risk of 1 in 17800
About 95% TB deaths are in the
developing world

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Health equity country profile: India

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Fully immunization coverage among 1 years

13. Health inequity & Covid 19
• More than 130 million people contracted it
• Over 2.8 million people died from Covid 19
• Affected emotional, social, economic wellbeing of people
• Major problems faced are:
1. Loss of employment
2. Exacerbated food insecurity
3. Disruption of health service
4. Impacts on mental & Physical health
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14. WHO’s
work to
improve
health
equity
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Social determinants of
health (SDH)
Health equity
monitoring
Gender equity

15. Social determinants of health (SDH)
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16. Social determinants of health (SDH)
• Non-medical factors that influence health outcomes
• Lower the socioeconomic position, worse the health
• SDH account for between 30-55% of health outcomes
• Addressing SDH appropriately is fundamental for improving health
• Reducing longstanding inequities in health requires action by all
sectors and civil society.
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17. WHO’s work to improve health equity
• Governance to tackle the root causes of health inequities
• Build good governance for action on social determinants.
• Implement collaborative action between sectors
• Reorient health care services and public health programmes to
reduce inequities.
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18. WHO’s work to improve
health equity
• Monitoring progress: measurement and analysis to inform
policies and build accountability on social determinants
• Improve daily living conditions
• Tackle inequitable distribution of power, money, resources
• Measure and understand the problem and assess the impact
of action
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19. Health equity monitoring
• Largest databases of disaggregated health data
• From surveys conducted in 115 countries
• Identifying health inequalities and their drivers is essential for
achieving health equity
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20. Health equity monitoring
• Provides evidence on who is being left behind
• Close existing gaps and achieve health equity
• Provides evidence on existing health inequalities
• Identify differences in health between different population
subgroups.
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21. Reviewing national health programmes
to leave no one behind
INNOV8
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22. Health
equity
assessment
toolkit
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WHY?
To advance equitable outcomes
for all people
More practical tools to promote
equity for all

23. HEAT & HEAT PLUS
HEAT (Health equity assessment tool)
• software application
• Built-In Database Edition
• facilitates the assessment of
within-country health
inequalities
HEAT PLUS
• Software application
• Upload Database Edition
• facilitates the assessment of
within-country health
inequalities
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24. Gender equity
• Analyzing data and assessing barriers to improve health outcomes
• Monitoring progress through reviewing and reporting
• Strengthening engagement with civil society and fostering their participation
• Ensuring gender responsive health system
• Increase women in leadership and decision-making roles and
ensure decent work conditions for all
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25. • To build a fairer & healthier world together
• Start of a new global compact that tackles poverty & health inequities
• Invest in health & wellbeing
• Promote equitable sharing of our resources
• Improve food security & nutrition
• Turn the tide on climate change
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Working together, we can build a
healthier, greener, fairer world for all

26. References
• WHO | World Health Statistics [Internet]. WHO. World Health Organization; [cited 2020 Nov 1]. Available
from: http://www.who.int/gho/publications/world_health_statistics/en/
• The global health observatory : https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/themes/air-pollution
• WHO Commission on Social Determinants of Health, World Health Organization. Closing the gap in a
generation: health equity through action on the social determinants of health: Commission on Social
Determinants of Health final report. World Health Organization; https://www.who.int/health-topics/social-
determinants-of-health#tab=tab_3.
• resolution WHa62.14. reducing health inequities through action on the social determinants of health.
Geneva, 2009. available from: http://apps.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_fi les/WHa62-rec1/WHa62_rec1-en-
P2.pdf.
• WHO (2015c). Health and Human Rights. Geneva: World Health Organization. Available:
http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs323/en/index.html
• United Nations, 2020. United Nations Comprehensive Response to COVID-19: Saving lives, protecting
societies, recovering better.
https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/un_comprehensive_response_to_covid-19_june_2020.pdf
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