PRIMARY HEALTH CARE NOTES from Community health nursing

1. PRIMARY HEALTH CARE

2. INTRODUCTION
 The concept of PHC was similar to basic health service in India proposed by
Bhore Committee in 1946.
 Primary health care concept was introduced jointly by WHO & UNICEF after
the conference held at Alma Ata 1978, to achieve a Goal of “Health for all by
2000 AD”

3. DEFINITION
 As defined by the WHO as :
“Essential health care made universally accessible to individuals and families
in the community by means acceptable to them through their full participation
and at a cost that the community and country can afford to maintain at every
stage of their development in the spirit of self-determination”.

4. CONCEPT OF PRIMARY HEALTH CARE
 Affordable by the country & community
 Universally accessible to all citizens of Country
 Available to all irrespective of rural or urban , rich or poor
communities
 Socially acceptable based on practical and scientifically sound
technology
 Accountable to health care agencies of the country

5. Concepts Of PHC
Accountability
Accessible
Acceptable
Affordable
Available

6. GOAL
 to fulfill the global commitment of HFA 2000 AD
 to achieve an improved state of health and quality of life for all people attained
through self reliance
 to place peoples health in peoples hands

7. STRATEGIES
 To strengthen the existing infrastructure of health care system
 To train the manpower to increase the strength of health care workers
 To enable the health services reach to rural area at grass root level as primary
health care is the back bone of health services delivery

8. OBJECTIVES
 To reduce the incidence of communicable & non communicable diseases
 To sustain the population growth as per the available resources
 To reduce the mortality and morbidity rate among infants and preschool
children
 To improve the level of health care of the community
 Maximizing the contribution of other sectors for social and economic
development of the community
 Extension of essential health services in rural areas and underserved sectors
 Improvement in basic sanitation

9. ELEMENTS
There are 8 essential elements of
PHC are:
 Health education
 Nutrition
 Water and Sanitation
 Maternal and child health
including Family Planning
 Immunization against the major
infectious disease
 Prevention and control of locally
endemic diseases
 Treatment
 Provision of essential drugs

10. PRINCIPLES
5 Principles of Primary health care given by WHO:
 Equitable Distribution
 Community participation
 Appropriate technology
 Focus on Prevention
 Multisectoral Coordination

11. RESPONSIBILITY OF NURSES IN PRIMARY HEALTH CARE
In 1984, the expert committee of WHO, recommended the following
responsibilities for Nurses for taking care of primary health:
 Assessing the health level of Individuals and Community
 Activating the participation of community and encouraging the individual to
participate
 Providing treatment in emergencies and taking care of the general health
 Referring the patients to the specialists
 Keeping an eye on the epidemics
 Training and supervision of health worker
 Coordinating with other health program
 Monitoring the progress of primary health worker

12. MILLENIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS
 In September 2000, representatives
from 189 countries met ata a summit
at new york to adopt UN Millenium
Declarations.
 Health was the main focus
 8 targets out of 18 and 18 indicators
out of 48 are related to health

13. PROMOTION AND MAINTENANCE OF HEALTH
According to WHO (2005),
“Health promotion is the process of enabling people to increase control over
their health and its determinants and there by improve their health.”
 Health promotion involves all sectors : ie.,Social, political, cultural and
economical, Behavioral and environmental to participate toward promotion of
health
 Pre requisites of health promotion are employment , security, quality , working
condition , sanitation and healthy environment.
Health promotion in HOSPITAL And COMMUNITY setting

14. MAINTENANCE OF HEALTH
 A Systematic program or procedure planned to prevent illness , maintain
maximum function and promote health.
 Maintenance of health is central to all levels of care and in all patterns i.e,
preventive, episodic, acute, chronic and catastrophic. It includes the
following:
1. Health education
2. Immunization
3. Nutrition
4. Guidance and Counseling
5. Recognition of health Problems
6. Timely medical advice and appropriate treatment and follow up of the
health problems

15. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS
 MDG came to end in 2015 and UN
general assembly adopted new
development agenda in September 2015
 SDG comprises of 17 goals and 169
targets
 On Jan 2016, SDG of 2030 Agenda for
sustainable development came into
force.
 The 2030 agenda is designed to benefit
all universal in scope. Eradicating
poverty , inequality, developing
economic growth and preserving
environment are deeply linked to health.

16. Thank you..