The document provides an overview of the African Farmer simulation game, which allows players to take on the role of a small-scale sub-Saharan African farmer. It summarizes the game's mechanics, including farming crops and inputs, weather uncertainty, nutrition and health risks, trading at the market, and managing finances. The goal is to give players a sense of the challenges African farmers face from complex decision-making amidst unpredictable conditions and changing markets.
Presentation by John Thompson at the event "The Political Economy of Agricultural Policy Processes in Africa", September 2014.
http://www.future-agricultures.org/events/the-political-economy-of-agricultural-policy-processes-in-africa
5 books for your business understanBooksHaridas Patel
This document recommends 5 books to help understand business and drive growth: Good to Great focuses on becoming great; The Goal uses a novel format to teach the theory of constraints; Fifth Discipline guides learning in organizations; an outsider or fresher can help drive revolution by avoiding paradigm issues; and books can be implemented in organizations to help learning.
اِنجیناِکس (به انگلیسی: nginx) یک کارساز وب با حجم پایین و کارایی بالا است که تحت مجوز بیاسدی منتشر میشود. این کارساز وب در یونیکس، گنو/لینوکس، بیاسدی، مک او اس و ویندوز اجرا میشود. بر طبق گفتهٔ نتکرافت، در حال حاضر ۱۲.۰۷٪ از دامنههای اینترنت از این کارساز استفاده میکنند.
این پروژه در سال ۲۰۰۱ بنیان نهاده شد و توسط یک توسعهدهنده مستقل به نام ایگور سیسووف (به انگلیسی: Igor Sysoev) به مرحله اجرا درآمد تا در یکی از وبسایتهای پرترافیک به نام رامبرلر به خدمت گرفته شود که این وبسایت در تاریخ سپتامبر ۲۰۰۸، روزانه بیش از ۵۰۰ میلیون درخواست HTTP داشته است. در حال حاضر وبسایتهای سرشناسی همچون فیسبوک، نتفلیکس، وردپرس، سورسفورج و ... از انجیناکس استفاده میکنند.[۶] در نسخه ۵٫۲ اوپنبیاسده که در نوامبر ۲۰۱۲ عرضه شد هم نرمافزار انجیناکس به صورت پیشفرض در سیستم قرار داده شد تا جایگزینی باشد برای آپاچی ۱٫۳. در نهایت در سال ۲۰۱۴ آپاچی از درخت کد منبع اوپنبیاسدی حذف شد.
This document provides an overview of how Excel can be used in veterinary medicine to create templates and charts for tracking important patient information. It discusses how Excel spreadsheets and formulas can help calculate anesthetic dosages, monitor blood glucose levels, track blood test results, and create searchable client lists. Examples are given of spreadsheet templates for glucose curves, anesthetic dosing charts, blood monitoring, and tracking regular blood test results like ACT. The key benefits of Excel for veterinary practices are its abilities to perform calculations, generate graphs and charts, and centrally organize patient information.
The document discusses the history of how women have been portrayed in advertising from the 1920s to the 1990s. It describes how advertisements traditionally targeted housewives and promoted narrow definitions of beauty, femininity, and women's roles. Over time, as women's liberation movements gained traction, advertisements began featuring a broader range of beauty types and acknowledging women's accomplishments outside the home. However, the advertising industry has long used emotional appeals and sexualization to target women's insecurities and shape perceptions of beauty.
Presentation by John Thompson at the event "The Political Economy of Agricultural Policy Processes in Africa", September 2014.
http://www.future-agricultures.org/events/the-political-economy-of-agricultural-policy-processes-in-africa
5 books for your business understanBooksHaridas Patel
This document recommends 5 books to help understand business and drive growth: Good to Great focuses on becoming great; The Goal uses a novel format to teach the theory of constraints; Fifth Discipline guides learning in organizations; an outsider or fresher can help drive revolution by avoiding paradigm issues; and books can be implemented in organizations to help learning.
اِنجیناِکس (به انگلیسی: nginx) یک کارساز وب با حجم پایین و کارایی بالا است که تحت مجوز بیاسدی منتشر میشود. این کارساز وب در یونیکس، گنو/لینوکس، بیاسدی، مک او اس و ویندوز اجرا میشود. بر طبق گفتهٔ نتکرافت، در حال حاضر ۱۲.۰۷٪ از دامنههای اینترنت از این کارساز استفاده میکنند.
این پروژه در سال ۲۰۰۱ بنیان نهاده شد و توسط یک توسعهدهنده مستقل به نام ایگور سیسووف (به انگلیسی: Igor Sysoev) به مرحله اجرا درآمد تا در یکی از وبسایتهای پرترافیک به نام رامبرلر به خدمت گرفته شود که این وبسایت در تاریخ سپتامبر ۲۰۰۸، روزانه بیش از ۵۰۰ میلیون درخواست HTTP داشته است. در حال حاضر وبسایتهای سرشناسی همچون فیسبوک، نتفلیکس، وردپرس، سورسفورج و ... از انجیناکس استفاده میکنند.[۶] در نسخه ۵٫۲ اوپنبیاسده که در نوامبر ۲۰۱۲ عرضه شد هم نرمافزار انجیناکس به صورت پیشفرض در سیستم قرار داده شد تا جایگزینی باشد برای آپاچی ۱٫۳. در نهایت در سال ۲۰۱۴ آپاچی از درخت کد منبع اوپنبیاسدی حذف شد.
This document provides an overview of how Excel can be used in veterinary medicine to create templates and charts for tracking important patient information. It discusses how Excel spreadsheets and formulas can help calculate anesthetic dosages, monitor blood glucose levels, track blood test results, and create searchable client lists. Examples are given of spreadsheet templates for glucose curves, anesthetic dosing charts, blood monitoring, and tracking regular blood test results like ACT. The key benefits of Excel for veterinary practices are its abilities to perform calculations, generate graphs and charts, and centrally organize patient information.
The document discusses the history of how women have been portrayed in advertising from the 1920s to the 1990s. It describes how advertisements traditionally targeted housewives and promoted narrow definitions of beauty, femininity, and women's roles. Over time, as women's liberation movements gained traction, advertisements began featuring a broader range of beauty types and acknowledging women's accomplishments outside the home. However, the advertising industry has long used emotional appeals and sexualization to target women's insecurities and shape perceptions of beauty.
AWS for everyone - 「今」からはじめるAWS@JAWS-UG 東北Eikichi Gotoh
This document contains contact information for Eikichi Gotoh including his Twitter and Facebook accounts. It also lists presentations he has given at various conferences and user groups about AWS. These include JAWS FESTA 2013, JAWS DAYS 2014, YAPC::Asia Tokyo 2013, and various JAWS-UG Aomori user group meetings. The document promotes AWS and provides links to Amazon's history of AWS and a Japanese AWS partner company called Heptagon.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help alleviate symptoms of mental illness and boost overall mental well-being.
This document lists automotive component suppliers for the Tata Nano vehicle. It includes companies like Bosch, Continental AG, Delphi, Denso, FAG, Ficosa, Freudenberg, Johnson Controls, Mahle, Saint-Gobain, TRW, Ceekay Daikin/Valeo, and Vibracoustic; and describes the components they supply like the gasoline injection system, starter, alternator, brake system, fuel supply system, instrument cluster, windshield wiper system, rear-wheel bearing, rear-view mirrors, engine sealing, seating, camshafts, and engine mounts.
The document proposes an innovative shopping cart system with integrated barcode scanners to optimize the shopping process. It includes low-fidelity prototypes, analysis of problems with current systems, and findings from evaluating the value proposition with customers. Customers were receptive to using a simpler system that could save them time, while the system may allow stores to reduce staffing costs over time. Some store managers were hesitant to change current operations however.
The document summarizes key events in the segregation and civil rights movement in the United States from 1896 to 1968. It outlines landmark Supreme Court cases like Plessy v. Ferguson which upheld racial segregation and Brown v. Board of Education which declared segregation in schools unconstitutional. It also discusses the founding of influential civil rights organizations like the NAACP and the SCLC as well as leaders like Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X and their roles in the movement. Major civil rights legislation from this era included the Civil Rights Act of 1964 which prohibited discrimination based on race, color, religion or origin.
Session 3 week 2 central tendency & dispersionRachel Chung
This document introduces key concepts in descriptive statistics including measures of central tendency (mean, median, mode) and dispersion (standard deviation, normal distribution, skew, z-scores). It explains that measures of central tendency describe a typical or representative value for a variable, while measures of dispersion describe how spread out the values are. The document provides examples of calculating and interpreting the mean, standard deviation, and z-scores. It illustrates how statistical values like standard deviation can be used to determine how common or extreme certain observations are relative to the average or mean value.
Build Real, Authentic Relationships through Twitter. Help People by Creating Content and Solving Problems, Promote your Content. Final Step -> Acquire Links - http://linkh.me/3gk3v
This document discusses various types of terminology used in business, Java, and computer science. It provides examples of common buzzwords used in large corporations like "leverage" and "synergy". It also explains technical Java concepts such as lambdas, abstract syntax trees, and memory barriers. Finally, it covers computer science terms including linear regression, Markov chains, and tail call recursion. The overall message is that complex terminology can overcomplicate domains and confuse developers.
The document contains a scrambled list of words and numbers that when unscrambled spells out colors, objects, and other simple words. The unscrambled list includes the words and colors red, blue, pink, white, gray, brown, yellow, bed, two, ink, light, play, clown, and jell-o.
The document provides information about using dictionaries, phrasal verbs, and sentence stress. It discusses using online dictionaries like Google and Yahoo to understand differences between similar words. It gives examples of comparing words like "economic vs financial" and "ceremony vs rite". It also covers transitive and intransitive phrasal verbs, providing examples. Finally, it demonstrates how changing stress in a sentence can change the meaning, like in the example "I don't think he should get that job."
This document outlines the requirements for a Level 3 Extended Diploma in Creative Media Production unit assignment, where the student must originate, develop, research, pitch and manage the production of an independently devised media project from pre-production through post-production, demonstrating skills learned over their two-year course of study and relating to video, audio, motion graphics, photography or graphic design. The assignment includes tasks to generate initial ideas, prepare a proposal and pitch, develop pre-production plans, and produce the final media product, and will be graded based on criteria mapping to pass, merit and distinction level expectations.
Nationale EuroCloud Monitor 2015 "Tussen Trotski en Troelstra"Peter Vermeulen
Drie jaar na de eerste Nationale EuroCloud Monitor blikken we terug en kijken we vooruit met behulp van nieuw onderzoek. Waar SaaS "revolutionair" om zich heen grijpt, ontwikkelt IaaS zich in het bedrijfsleven een stuk langzamer. En heeft het gebruik van de cloud nou wat opgeleverd of niet?
The document discusses a proposed shopping cart optimization system called InnoShop for the German supermarket market. It analyzes the size and potential of the German cart market, estimated at 70 million USD currently. Surveys of store managers and customers found interest in innovations to reduce checkout wait times. Customers preferred improvements like lighter carts, better wheels, and ways to store shopping lists. The proposal is that InnoShop carts with integrated barcode scanners could save time and give an early adopter competitive advantage through a differentiated customer experience.
Lets Play Corporation sells a variety of sports equipment and household items. The store aims to be unique by offering both types of products together in one location. Customers are welcome to exercise using the sports equipment and cook afterwards using any household items purchased from the store. The store encourages customers to invite friends and family to play and exercise using the sports equipment for a fun social activity.
Etoquette ba 381_presentation_use_this_oneShaolins Prem
Etiquette refers to socially acceptable behaviors and standards among professionals. However, etiquette varies significantly across cultures. The document discusses etiquette in global business contexts and provides examples of cultural norms in countries like France, Brazil, India, and Japan. Key differences highlighted include appropriate greetings, gift-giving practices, dining etiquette, views on punctuality, and norms around appearance and communication styles. Understanding cultural diversity and nuances is critical for successful international business dealings.
Southern sawg getting started with animals on pasturestevemuntz
The document provides information for farmers interested in starting pasture-based livestock farms, including considerations for goals, resources, markets, pasture availability, quality and management, suitable animal species, facilities, health and predators. It also outlines an "Animal Farmville" game that simulates establishing and managing a pasture-based livestock farm over three years to help players learn important real-world considerations.
This document provides instructions for playing an agribusiness-themed board game called the Agribusiness Chain. The game is designed to teach students about the agribusiness system through role-playing. It includes a game board with 60 spaces for acquiring 46 different agribusiness products. Players move their tokens around the board based on dice rolls and purchase products using play money. The goal is to accumulate the most valuable portfolio of agribusiness assets. The game supports 2-6 players and takes 1-3 hours to complete. It is meant to help players learn about economic concepts like supply and demand through strategic decision-making and transactions in a simulated agribusiness market.
AWS for everyone - 「今」からはじめるAWS@JAWS-UG 東北Eikichi Gotoh
This document contains contact information for Eikichi Gotoh including his Twitter and Facebook accounts. It also lists presentations he has given at various conferences and user groups about AWS. These include JAWS FESTA 2013, JAWS DAYS 2014, YAPC::Asia Tokyo 2013, and various JAWS-UG Aomori user group meetings. The document promotes AWS and provides links to Amazon's history of AWS and a Japanese AWS partner company called Heptagon.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help alleviate symptoms of mental illness and boost overall mental well-being.
This document lists automotive component suppliers for the Tata Nano vehicle. It includes companies like Bosch, Continental AG, Delphi, Denso, FAG, Ficosa, Freudenberg, Johnson Controls, Mahle, Saint-Gobain, TRW, Ceekay Daikin/Valeo, and Vibracoustic; and describes the components they supply like the gasoline injection system, starter, alternator, brake system, fuel supply system, instrument cluster, windshield wiper system, rear-wheel bearing, rear-view mirrors, engine sealing, seating, camshafts, and engine mounts.
The document proposes an innovative shopping cart system with integrated barcode scanners to optimize the shopping process. It includes low-fidelity prototypes, analysis of problems with current systems, and findings from evaluating the value proposition with customers. Customers were receptive to using a simpler system that could save them time, while the system may allow stores to reduce staffing costs over time. Some store managers were hesitant to change current operations however.
The document summarizes key events in the segregation and civil rights movement in the United States from 1896 to 1968. It outlines landmark Supreme Court cases like Plessy v. Ferguson which upheld racial segregation and Brown v. Board of Education which declared segregation in schools unconstitutional. It also discusses the founding of influential civil rights organizations like the NAACP and the SCLC as well as leaders like Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X and their roles in the movement. Major civil rights legislation from this era included the Civil Rights Act of 1964 which prohibited discrimination based on race, color, religion or origin.
Session 3 week 2 central tendency & dispersionRachel Chung
This document introduces key concepts in descriptive statistics including measures of central tendency (mean, median, mode) and dispersion (standard deviation, normal distribution, skew, z-scores). It explains that measures of central tendency describe a typical or representative value for a variable, while measures of dispersion describe how spread out the values are. The document provides examples of calculating and interpreting the mean, standard deviation, and z-scores. It illustrates how statistical values like standard deviation can be used to determine how common or extreme certain observations are relative to the average or mean value.
Build Real, Authentic Relationships through Twitter. Help People by Creating Content and Solving Problems, Promote your Content. Final Step -> Acquire Links - http://linkh.me/3gk3v
This document discusses various types of terminology used in business, Java, and computer science. It provides examples of common buzzwords used in large corporations like "leverage" and "synergy". It also explains technical Java concepts such as lambdas, abstract syntax trees, and memory barriers. Finally, it covers computer science terms including linear regression, Markov chains, and tail call recursion. The overall message is that complex terminology can overcomplicate domains and confuse developers.
The document contains a scrambled list of words and numbers that when unscrambled spells out colors, objects, and other simple words. The unscrambled list includes the words and colors red, blue, pink, white, gray, brown, yellow, bed, two, ink, light, play, clown, and jell-o.
The document provides information about using dictionaries, phrasal verbs, and sentence stress. It discusses using online dictionaries like Google and Yahoo to understand differences between similar words. It gives examples of comparing words like "economic vs financial" and "ceremony vs rite". It also covers transitive and intransitive phrasal verbs, providing examples. Finally, it demonstrates how changing stress in a sentence can change the meaning, like in the example "I don't think he should get that job."
This document outlines the requirements for a Level 3 Extended Diploma in Creative Media Production unit assignment, where the student must originate, develop, research, pitch and manage the production of an independently devised media project from pre-production through post-production, demonstrating skills learned over their two-year course of study and relating to video, audio, motion graphics, photography or graphic design. The assignment includes tasks to generate initial ideas, prepare a proposal and pitch, develop pre-production plans, and produce the final media product, and will be graded based on criteria mapping to pass, merit and distinction level expectations.
Nationale EuroCloud Monitor 2015 "Tussen Trotski en Troelstra"Peter Vermeulen
Drie jaar na de eerste Nationale EuroCloud Monitor blikken we terug en kijken we vooruit met behulp van nieuw onderzoek. Waar SaaS "revolutionair" om zich heen grijpt, ontwikkelt IaaS zich in het bedrijfsleven een stuk langzamer. En heeft het gebruik van de cloud nou wat opgeleverd of niet?
The document discusses a proposed shopping cart optimization system called InnoShop for the German supermarket market. It analyzes the size and potential of the German cart market, estimated at 70 million USD currently. Surveys of store managers and customers found interest in innovations to reduce checkout wait times. Customers preferred improvements like lighter carts, better wheels, and ways to store shopping lists. The proposal is that InnoShop carts with integrated barcode scanners could save time and give an early adopter competitive advantage through a differentiated customer experience.
Lets Play Corporation sells a variety of sports equipment and household items. The store aims to be unique by offering both types of products together in one location. Customers are welcome to exercise using the sports equipment and cook afterwards using any household items purchased from the store. The store encourages customers to invite friends and family to play and exercise using the sports equipment for a fun social activity.
Etoquette ba 381_presentation_use_this_oneShaolins Prem
Etiquette refers to socially acceptable behaviors and standards among professionals. However, etiquette varies significantly across cultures. The document discusses etiquette in global business contexts and provides examples of cultural norms in countries like France, Brazil, India, and Japan. Key differences highlighted include appropriate greetings, gift-giving practices, dining etiquette, views on punctuality, and norms around appearance and communication styles. Understanding cultural diversity and nuances is critical for successful international business dealings.
Southern sawg getting started with animals on pasturestevemuntz
The document provides information for farmers interested in starting pasture-based livestock farms, including considerations for goals, resources, markets, pasture availability, quality and management, suitable animal species, facilities, health and predators. It also outlines an "Animal Farmville" game that simulates establishing and managing a pasture-based livestock farm over three years to help players learn important real-world considerations.
This document provides instructions for playing an agribusiness-themed board game called the Agribusiness Chain. The game is designed to teach students about the agribusiness system through role-playing. It includes a game board with 60 spaces for acquiring 46 different agribusiness products. Players move their tokens around the board based on dice rolls and purchase products using play money. The goal is to accumulate the most valuable portfolio of agribusiness assets. The game supports 2-6 players and takes 1-3 hours to complete. It is meant to help players learn about economic concepts like supply and demand through strategic decision-making and transactions in a simulated agribusiness market.
This document provides a feasibility analysis for a snack bar venture called FIX bar. It describes the founders and their responsibilities, the product which are organic snack bars designed to meet nutritional needs and facilitate daily activities, and the target market of young adults aged 18-24 in Miami. It finds that the market for nutritional bars has been growing significantly in recent years as consumers seek healthier snack options. The analysis concludes FIX bar has potential for success given the untapped market opportunity and growth trends in the industry.
The document outlines the game concept of empowering women farmers through a mobile game. It discusses the story, mechanics, marketing plan and budget for a game called "Deprived" which follows the journey of a girl named Aarya who starts her own farm to support her family and combat gender inequality faced by women farmers. The game aims to raise awareness of issues such as lack of access to resources and unequal treatment of women farmers while being entertaining for its target audience of 16-25 year olds.
Team Green Eggs and Ham aims to promote sustainable food practices and food security through hands-on education. Their Aggietarium project involves creating indoor and outdoor educational spaces in communities to teach children about nutrition, agriculture, and environmental stewardship through interactive games and exhibits. The Aggietarium would include gardens demonstrating techniques like agroecology and an area for raising small livestock. An online network would connect Aggietariums worldwide and include educational videos and an encyclopedia of local agricultural practices.
This document discusses strategies for agricultural producers to succeed in a challenging economic environment with more moderate commodity prices and less volatility expected long-term. It recommends producers closely analyze variable and fixed costs, focus on reducing large controllable expenses, maintain strong financial positions, and work closely with lenders and experts. Renegotiating land rents, refinancing debt, and reducing family living expenses are identified as areas where bigger changes can be made to reduce costs by $50-100 per acre. Communicating openly with lenders and remembering that agriculture is cyclical provides a positive long-term outlook.
This document provides information about judging crops, handling farm machinery, and selecting good seeds. It discusses grading crops based on parameters like size, shape, color, and maturity. It also describes the history and uses of farm machinery, and lists common agricultural equipment. Finally, it outlines important factors for seed selection such as variety, germination rate, and disease resistance. The presentation was given by a group consisting of 8 members.
Here are 3 potential activities using the information provided in the document:
1. For a hill sheep farm in the UK, list three inputs:
a. That are outside the farmer's control:
- Climate/weather
- Soil quality
- Relief/topography of the land
b. That the farmer could alter to increase output:
- Increase flock size
- Improve pasture quality through fertilization or reseeding
- Use shelter belts or other methods to protect sheep from harsh weather
2. Compare and contrast intensive vs extensive farming and commercial vs subsistence farming:
a. Intensive farming uses more inputs like capital, machinery, and technology per unit area of land. Extensive farming uses fewer
Here are 3 potential activities using the information provided in the document:
1. For a hill sheep farm in the UK, list three inputs:
a. That are outside the farmer's control:
- Climate/weather
- Soil quality
- Relief/topography of the land
b. That the farmer could alter to increase output:
- Increase flock size
- Improve pasture quality through fertilization or reseeding
- Use shelter belts or other methods to protect sheep from harsh weather
2. Compare and contrast intensive vs extensive farming and commercial vs subsistence farming:
a. Intensive farming uses more inputs like capital, machinery, and technology per unit area of land. Extensive farming uses fewer
The document is an experiential learning programme report submitted by Prince Prakash for their B.Sc. (Ag) 8th semester. It includes details of the mushroom production and marketing module undertaken as part of the programme. Key points covered are introduction to oyster mushrooms, materials and procedure for cultivation, production and sales report, market assessment, and financial projections for establishing a mushroom business over 5 years.
“USDA Farm Service Agency: Addressing Drought” by Bobbie Kriz-Wickham at the 2023 Water for Food Global Conference. A recording of the presentation can be found on the conference playlist: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLSBeKOIXsg3JNyPowwJj6NDSpx4vlnCYj.
Harvest Land Cooperative October Newsletter Fawn Dauer
The document provides information about Harvest Land Cooperative's feed division and the services they offer livestock producers. It discusses how the feed division has specialists in different areas of expertise to help customers. It also details how they have a new feed mill with precise manufacturing capabilities following a fire. The division aims to help producers with consulting services around facilities, genetics, marketing and more to improve their operations.
This document provides an overview of considerations for selecting, cultivating, and marketing alternative agronomic crops. It discusses inventorying farm resources to determine suitable alternative crops. Several categories of alternative crops are listed, including cereals, legumes, and oilseeds. Developing new crops requires research into cultivar collection, breeding, production practices, and markets. Resources for information on alternative crop research and production include various state universities and USDA groups. Marketing alternative crops requires exploring demand, competition, and potential markets.
Handbook on improved agronomic practices for sorghum production in North East...ICRISAT
This publication is a production of the Feed the Future Nigeria Integrated Agriculture Activity implemented in targeted locations of Borno and Adamawa states, Nigeria between 2019 and 2021, and was made possible through financial support from the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). As part of its contribution to the economic recovery process in the North East Part of Nigeria which has been ravaged by the insurgent activities of armed groups, USAID awarded to IITA and its Partners (International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics and Catholic Relief Services) the two-year “Feed the Future Nigeria Integrated Agriculture Activity’’ which aims to advance the objectives of inclusive and sustainable agriculture-led economic growth; strengthened resilience among people and systems; and a well-nourished population, especially among women and children in targeted locations of Borno and Adamawa states, Nigeria.
This document proposes an agribusiness model to boost agricultural productivity in India by acquiring small and fragmented lands from farmers through leasing. A management system involving various departments like finance, research & development, negotiations would increase yields through improved techniques and maximize profits. Farmers would organize into a cooperative and benefit from higher incomes, knowledge sharing, reduced costs. Risks around production, markets and environment are mitigated through insurance, diversification and building resilience.
The secret to improving farm productivity and prosperity by sotonye angaSotonye anga
Precision farming uses GPS and soil sampling to create detailed maps of farmlands, showing variability in soil nutrients. This allows farmers to understand their soil's strengths and weaknesses, avoid guesswork, and ensure optimal planting and fertilization. As a result, farmers can increase yields, improve incomes, and lift themselves out of poverty. The document outlines the process, from soil sampling to producing recommendation reports, and argues this approach aligns with Nigeria's agricultural goals and could create many new jobs.
This document discusses factors that affect the intensity of food crop production. It begins by looking at changes in the food supply chain since the 1960s and increased productivity trends for rice and wheat. Some key challenges farmers face are discussed such as climate, soil conditions, land tenure systems, and land fragmentation. Economic factors like the purpose of farming (subsistence vs. commercial), demand, and trade are also reviewed. The role of government policy, including agricultural and food policy, in ensuring sufficient food supply is then examined. Finally, political cooperation through groups like ASEAN and the EU to jointly plan for food security contingencies is covered.
This document provides an overview of trends and challenges in food crop production. It discusses how food crop production has increased since the 1960s due to factors like improved productivity on farms and the use of genetically modified crops. However, farmers still face challenges to improving production from physical factors like climate and soil conditions, as well as social issues regarding land ownership. Government policies and economic conditions also influence the intensity of food production and supply. The document examines these various influencing factors through case studies and examples.
Analysing the Dynamics of Change: Using longitudinal, panel and cross section...futureagricultures
This document introduces three types of studies - longitudinal, panel, and cross-sectional - that examine dynamic social, environmental, and technological change over time. It provides examples from the Future Agricultures Consortium's APRA Programme, which uses mixed-methods longitudinal and panel studies to analyze the differential impacts of agricultural commercialization on livelihoods in multiple African countries. Preliminary findings from APRA panel studies in Ghana, Nigeria, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe suggest agricultural commercialization may be reducing income poverty, though the results are early and limited.
The document discusses the importance of rice production in Ethiopia, current trends, and challenges. It notes that rice production has increased significantly but imports have increased even more, decreasing self-sufficiency. While demand is growing, productivity remains low compared to imports. Key challenges include low yields, lack of processing technologies, inadequate market development and human resources. Strengthening research and development partnerships is seen as critical to transforming Ethiopia's rice sector and reducing its reliance on imports to meet demand.
Rice Commercialization and Agrarian Change in the Fogera Plain of Ethiopiafutureagricultures
This document summarizes research on agrarian changes in the Fogera plain of Ethiopia resulting from the commercialization of rice production. Key findings include:
1) The introduction of rice led to shifts in farming systems away from other cereals and livestock toward more commercially viable crops like rice, pulses and vegetables.
2) Increased rice commercialization contributed to land tenure changes including more land sharing, leasing and public land allocation for youth.
3) A rural labor market emerged to meet the labor demands of rice production.
4) Dynamic rural-urban linkages developed as rice processing industries expanded in nearby towns, creating jobs, markets and services.
5) Household consumption patterns changed, with rice replacing
Rice Commercialization and Labor Market Dynamism in Fogera Plain: Trends and ...futureagricultures
Rice production in Ethiopia's Fogera Plain region has increased commercialization and labor market growth. This study assessed the implications of the growing labor market on rice expansion. Key findings showed that rice has become labor-intensive, relying heavily on hired seasonal workers for harvesting and weeding. While the labor market and rice production currently depend on each other, the labor market is projected to decline in coming decades as youth migrate to cities. This would threaten rice commercialization unless labor-saving mechanization technologies are developed and adopted to replace human labor. The study concludes research and extension should focus on promoting rice mechanization solutions to sustain commercial rice production long-term.
Exploring the Dynamics of Agricultural Commercialisation, Diversification and...futureagricultures
The document summarizes findings from the Afrint and APRA programmes, which studied agricultural commercialization in sub-Saharan Africa. Afrint tracked changes in livelihoods of small farmers in six countries from 2002-2013, finding increases in production and commercialization. It also showed increasing inequality, with better-off farmers responding to markets. APRA's preliminary findings from 2017-18 involved over 4,000 households in four countries. It examines outcomes around commercialization, poverty, empowerment, employment, and food security. APRA also analyzes pathways and trajectories of commercialization.
Overview of findings and ongoing research from the APRA Zimbabwe Work Stream 1 team. Focus on the impacts of smallholder tobacco- and maize-led commercialisation in Zimbabwe.
This study examines the dynamics of rice commercialization in Tanzania through a panel study approach. The objectives are to identify drivers of commercialization such as technology adoption, rural electrification, and migration. The study also analyzes the effects of different commercialization options on livelihood outcomes like poverty, food security, and women's empowerment. A stratified random sample of 559 households in eight villages is used. The results show that labor-saving technologies like tractors, herbicide/insecticide, and animal drawn tillage are widely adopted. Commercialization is occurring in response to demand, with area expansion driven by these technologies. Migration is also influencing commercialization patterns. Overall, commercialization options are improving livelihoods, though
1) The survey found that the number and area of medium-scale farms in Nigeria is growing rapidly, with many smallholder farmers graduating to medium-scale farms.
2) Medium-scale farms provide services like renting equipment, purchasing inputs together, and providing extension services that benefit smallholder farms.
3) However, increased acquisition of farmland by medium-scale farms could potentially cause land scarcity issues that displace smallholders or increase land prices, while productivity differences between small and medium-scale farms require further analysis.
The document discusses three models of private sector-led oil palm commercialization in Southwestern Ghana: large-scale buyer model (LSBM), independent model, and mixed model. It analyzes the different types of farmers engaged in each model, the welfare implications for participants, and lessons that can be learned from these models compared to direct state interventions. The study uses surveys conducted in 2017 and 2019 and qualitative interviews to assess indicators like commercialization levels, income, and food security outcomes under the various oil palm commercialization arrangements.
Overview of Lund University's Afrint project. Summary of findings from the project's 2018 publication, 'Agriculture, Diversification, and Gender in Rural Africa'. Publication edited by Agnes Andersson Djurfeldt, Fred Dzanku and Aida Isinika.
Apra mechanisation and corridors in mozambique presentation from conference on Public Policies and Agribusiness organized by the Observatório do Meio Rural (OMR) in Maputo.
The document summarizes the launch event of the Agricultural Policy Research in Africa (APRA) program. APRA is a five-year research program analyzing pathways to agricultural commercialization in Sub-Saharan Africa. It aims to understand the impacts of commercialization on empowering women and girls, reducing poverty and improving food security. The launch event provided an overview of APRA's research methodology, focus countries, and expected outcomes to inform policies promoting equitable agricultural development in Africa.
Corridors:Large-scale infrastructure projects and struggles for landfutureagricultures
The document discusses the Lamu Port South Sudan-Ethiopia Transport (LAPSSET) corridor project in Kenya. It notes that the project aims to open up northern Kenya through infrastructure and promote oil transport. However, it has also led to land struggles as communities demand formal land ownership and face enclosures. The rhetoric of "unused land" overlooks complex local land issues. Anticipation of the project has fueled land disputes and some groups have exploited tensions, with implications for political participation and even extremism in some areas like Lamu. Local responses have complicated simplified narratives and show the state's weakening authority over decentralized implementation.
This document discusses land rights and youth employment in Uganda. It notes that over 93% of land is under customary tenure and civil war has distorted land boundaries, causing conflicts. Youth are seriously affected as land grabbing and wrangles destroy farms. Increased population, unclear boundaries, privatization, and poor allocation due to elder deaths cause issues. As a result, youth interest in agriculture is diminishing, prolonging their dependency as they engage in crime, migration, betting, and socially unacceptable behaviors due to lack of skills and motivation from lack of land access. The document concludes land shortages have greatly impacted youth employment and recommends holistic, multi-level solutions are needed to resolve conflicts.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For more information about PECB:
Website: https://pecb.com/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/pecb/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PECBInternational/
Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/PECBCERTIFICATION
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
2. USING THIS DOCUMENT
• The Contents slide (next) links to the initial slide of
the various sections in the guide.
• Clicking the stage elements in the game flow chart
will navigate to slides providing more information.
• Each slide has buttons in the lower right hand corner
which navigate to the Contents and Flowchart slides.
4. Flowchart
Contents
INTRODUCTION
The life of a small scale sub-Saharan African farmer is
characterised by uncertainty.
The vagaries of weather, crop pests and other chance
events, coupled with unpredictability in market supplies
and prices create an environment in which decision-
making is complex and challenging.
The goal of the African Farmer Game is to give players
some sense of the experience of these farmers.
5. Flowchart
Contents
LEARNING CONTEXT
• The African Farmer Game is one element in a
learning process.
• Educators can prime players on key issues in the pre-
game introduction.
• The post-game debriefing, where players’
experiences are explored and issues encountered in
the game discussed, is an essential part of the
learning process.
• Follow-on work can link the players’ experience in the
game with the actual lived reality of small scale
African farmers.
6. Flowchart
Contents
ANTECEDENTS
African Farmer develops ideas from the educational
board games Green Revolution and Africulture.
• Green Revolution, developed in the 1970s by
Graham Chapman and Liz Dowler simulated the
experience of rice growers in Bihar.
• Exaction, which extended Green Revolution to
include international trade, was developed in the
1980s by Graham Chapman and Isabelle Tsakok.
• Africulture, which explored the dynamics of gender in
agricultural communities, was developed in the 1990s
by Graham Chapman, Janice Jiggins and Henk de
Zeeuw.
7. Flowchart
Contents
GAME OVERVIEW
Players are given responsibility for a farming household
comprised of a number of adult, child and infant
characters.
Players must feed their household, educate their children
and manage a small farm. They can buy crops and other
goods at the market and trade goods and labour with
other households.
They must respond to crop hazards and other chance
events and provide their households with a balanced diet
from food they have grown or purchased at the market.
8. Flowchart
Contents
UNCERTAINTY
The game puts players in ‘realistic’ scenarios that
demand decision-making in the light of limited resources,
uncertain knowledge and chance events.
• The weather is not known until all the farming
decisions for a season have been made.
• Crop hazards are an ever-present possibility.
• Chance events (good and bad) may disrupt plans.
• Market prices may vary, depending on community
harvest yields and other factors.
• The possibility of illness and death increases for
individuals on poor diets.
9. Flowchart
Contents
PLAYERS’ GOALS
Players must decide how to prioritise the various goals
set out in the game:
• Agricultural - successfully manage and develop the
farm.
• Educational - provide children with a good education.
• Social – foster co-operation, strengthen relationships
and increase social standing by helping neighbours.
• Financial – increase the net worth of the household by
farming or trading.
A balance must be struck which enables players to
achieve their chosen goals without taking undue risks
or jeopardising relationships with the community.
10. Flowchart
Contents
GAME VERSIONS
Single Player and multiplayer versions of African Farmer
are under development.
The multiplayer version is run by a game manager and
can be played by groups of up to 30 or more. It can give
participants a powerful collective learning experience.
The single player version provides individuals and
institutions a readily accessible version of the game. It
can be used by institutions where there are barriers to
the use of the multiplayer game or by individuals for
whom participation in a multiplayer game is problematic.
Note that there may be some variation in the features
supported by each version of the game.
11. Flowchart
Contents
MULTIPLAYER GAME
• The multiplayer game is played by 12 - 30 players,
with each household managed by 1 - 3 players.
• Interaction with other households is through the
game’s communications panel or face-to-face if all
players are located in the same room.
• The game is run by a game manager using a
customized interface.
• The game manger controls game flow and runs the
market and bank.
• The game manager can monitor players’ progress
and has several “in-game” interventions available to
covertly help a household if it seems appropriate.
12. Flowchart
Contents
SINGLE PLAYER GAME
• In the single player game the player interacts with
computer agents that manage the other farming
households.
• Interaction is via a simplified communications panel.
• The player moves the game forward by clicking an
advance button on the user interface.
• The market and bank are run by the computer.
• Various aspects of the game can be configured as
required e.g. supported crops, nutrition models, post-
harvest losses, climate change and help options.
13. Flowchart
Contents
FARM CROPS
African Farmer supports a number of stylised crops:
• Local maize – an inexpensive, low-yield variety.
• High-yield maize – can give high yields when used
with fertilizers.
• Drought tolerant maize – copes well with low rainfall.
• Beans – a good source of protein.
• Mixed Horticulture – a good source of vitamins, also a
cash crop.
• Cotton – a cash crop.
• Cassava and Sorghum – inexpensive sources of
carbohydrate.
14. Flowchart
Contents
FARMING INPUTS
Various inputs can be purchased at the market to
promote crop growth and treat crop hazards:
• Manure and NPK component fertilizers can be
purchased.
• Pesticide, fungicide and agriphage can be used to
treat crop hazards.
• Herbicides can be used as an alternative to weeding.
15. Flowchart
Contents
CROP YIELDS
• Crops planted in Early Rains typically produce higher
yields than late planted crops.
• Manure and NPK Fertilizers can be used to improve
yields.
• Hybrid crop varieties, when used with fertilizers can
give the highest yields.
• Poor rains or drought significantly reduce yields.
• Failure to weed fields can reduce yields by up to
50%.
• Crop pests reduce yields though the losses
can often be mitigated by spraying.
16. Flowchart
Contents
CROP HAZARDS
• Crop hazards may occur in Main Rains for early
planted crops and Early Harvest for late planted
crops.
• Crop hazards (e.g. bean rust, fusarium wilt) are crop-
specific.
• Players are warned of hazards by on-screen
messages and hazard icons on the affected fields.
• Information on the potential crop loss, possible
mitigation and mitigated loss is given in the farm
screen information panel.
17. Flowchart
Contents
SEASONS
• The farming year is divided into four seasons - Early
Rains, Main Rains, Early Harvest and Late Harvest.
• The calendar indicates the current year, season and
game stage.
• Crops can be planted in Early Rains (early planting)
or Main Rains (late planting). This can help spread
the risks of adverse weather and pests and enable
players to better manage labour resources.
18. Flowchart
Contents
WEATHER
• The weather is announced at the end of each season.
• The calendar, located at the top of the screen,
displays icons showing the weather for past seasons
in the current cycle.
• Weather conditions include rains, poor rains, no rain
and storms.
• The single player game includes a climate change
option which sets weather probabilities to reflect the
predicted effects of climate change, with an increased
possibility of prolonged periods of drought and the
occurrence of extreme weather.
19. Flowchart
Contents
TRADING
• At the market players can buy and sell inputs, food
and other assets (e.g. spray kits, storage granaries).
Land can be bought, sold or leased. Labour and
animal traction is also available for hire.
• In the multiplayer game, market stocks and prices are
set by the game manager. In the single player game
market prices will vary with the communal harvest
yields.
• Chance events may also directly affect market prices
and stocks.
• Players can trade with other households – for cash,
goods or services or simply to strengthen social
bonds.
20. Flowchart
Contents
FINANCE
• Households are given varying amounts of cash at the
start of the game.
• Players can apply for loans at the bank. In the
multiplayer game loan decisions are made by the
game manager. In the single player game loans are
granted on the basis of a credit check.
• Loan repayments, medical fees and funeral expenses
are repaid at the bank.
• In the multiplayer game, the game manger decides
what action to take if debts are not repaid on time. In
the single player game, assets are seized to recover
debts.
21. Flowchart
Contents
NUTRITION AND HEALTH
• Household members require a balanced diet of
protein, carbohydrate and vitamins to remain healthy.
• Persons given poor diets are more likely to become ill
and may die. Persons given very poor diets will die
from malnutrition.
• Persons who become ill cannot do any work and will
remain unwell until medical fees are paid.
• Persons who contract HIV incur medical expenses
each year.
• When a person dies, funeral expenses are incurred,
which increase with the age of the deceased.
22. Flowchart
Contents
DIET LEVELS
• The quality of diet depends on both the quantity and
variety of selected foods.
• Male adults require the largest quantity of food to
remain healthy, women and children can survive on
smaller amounts.
• The best quality “A-Level” diet requires a good
quantity of food from sources that provide a balance
of protein, carbohydrate and vitamins.
• Anyone given a diet poorer than “C-level” will die from
malnutrition.
• The single player game supports several nutrition
models.
23. Flowchart
Contents
HEALTH HAZARDS
• In the multiplayer game, health hazards are
announced after food allocation. In the single player
game, health hazards may occur at any time.
• Persons on an A-level diet are not susceptible to
nutrition-related illness.
• Persons on an B-level diet have some risk of
nutrition-related illness.
• Persons on an C-level diet are at significant risk of
nutrition-related illness. Death is a possibility.
• In the single player game, all characters have a
chance of contracting HIV.
24. GAME FLOW (single player)
Contents
Chance
Events
Health
Hazards
Task Allocation
Weather Report
Task Allocation
Weather Report
Early Rains
Main Rains
Early Harvest
Market Trading
Season Processes
End Game
Nutrition Report
Food Allocation
Births & Ageing
Crop Hazards
Early RainsPost-harvest Losses
Customization
Late Harvest
25. GAME FLOW (multiplayer)
Contents
Task Allocation
Weather Report
Crop Hazards
Stage Notification
Task Allocation
Weather Report
Stage Notification
Early Rains
Main Rains
Early Harvest
Late Harvest
Market Trading
Season Processes
End Game
Health Check
Births & Ageing
Stage Notification
Food Allocation
Stage Notification
Stage Notification
26. Flowchart
Contents
MARKET TRADING
• The market is open for trading at any time, though
there is a formal trading session at the start of year 1.
• Players can choose to trade at the market or with
other households. The players themselves must
resolve any disagreements that arise in inter-
household trading.
• Market prices can be volatile, so players must think
about when to buy and sell goods.
27. Flowchart
Contents
TASK ALLOCATION
• Players allocate labour and resources for household
and farming tasks (see task list).
• Children older than five years can carry out one
domestic task or go to school.
• Adults can carry out two domestic or farming tasks.
• Manual weeding and field clearing/planting (without
animal traction) each require 2 tasks.
• Labour can be assigned to other households for
domestic chores or farm work.
• In Early Rains adults can be sent to town for the year.
Depending on their education level and luck, they
may return with saved earnings.
28. Flowchart
Contents
TASK LIST
• Domestic tasks (cooking, fetching fuel & water) are
mandatory and must be carried out each season.
• Farming tasks are seasonal and include:
• Field clearing/crop planting (early & main rains)
• Manual Weeding (main rains & early harvest)
• Manuring (before or during planting)
• Fertilizing (in middle growth season)
• Spraying (main rains & early harvest)
• Harvesting (early & late harvest)
• Town Work (early rains - full year commitment)
29. Flowchart
Contents
POST-HARVEST LOSSES
• Crops not properly stored will suffer post-harvest
losses of around 30%.
• Granary stores can be purchased at the market to
protect players against these losses.
• Post-harvest losses are calculated at the end of Early
Rains.
30. Flowchart
Contents
FOOD ALLOCATION
• After harvest, food must be allocated to household
members.
• Players can create individual diets in the diet creation
screen by dragging food elements from the side panel
on to the plate.
• The food allocation screen allows players to allocate
diets or individual food portions to the household.
• The food allocation screen has selectable overview
and detail views to make the process easier.
31. Flowchart
Contents
BIRTHS & AGEING
• At the end of each cycle, all characters age by 1 year.
• Infants become children at age five and can take on
domestic chores or go to school.
• Children become young adults at 13 and can work in
the fields.
• All healthy females over 13 years of age have the
possibility of having a child.
32. Flowchart
Contents
CHANCE EVENTS
Chance Events that disrupt the normal seasonal rhythm
may occur at any time in the year. e.g.
• A traffic accident causing serious injury or death to a
household member.
• A household receiving a money order from a relative
working in town.
• A government subsidy reducing the market price of
hybrid crop seeds.
• A transport breakdown causing supply problems at
market.
33. Flowchart
Contents
USER INTERFACE
The user interface is built around the key aspects of the
farmers’ lives:
• Household - where players check household assets
and health, manage nutrition and allocate tasks.
• Farm - here players monitor crops and allocate tasks.
• Village - where players gather information and trade
with other households.
• Market - the place to buy and sell goods & services.
• Bank - for loan applications and debt repayments.
There is also a statistics screen where players can
review the game when play has ended.
34. Flowchart
Contents
HOUSEHOLD
In the household screen, players can view the following
information:
• Each member’s age, gender, health, location (if in
town or hospital)
• A list of deceased household members
• Household assets and debts
They can also access the customization screen for
naming household members and selecting avatars, the
task allocation screen and screens for managing
household nutrition.
40. Flowchart
Contents
FARM
• In the Farm Screen players can monitor the health of
their crops and check for the occurrence of crop pests
and other crop hazards.
• Field icons indicate the occurrence of crop hazards
and the application of manure, NPK fertilizer and crop
sprays.
• The information panel displays data on each field,
including weather, weed and hazard losses and also
gives the maximum projected crop yield.
43. Flowchart
Contents
VILLAGE
• The village screen gives players an overview of all
households in the village.
• Public information on a household (e.g. household
and farm sizes, crops planted) can be seen by
clicking on the household’s hut.
• Players can commend or censure other players for
help given or refused.
• From here players can access the asset transfer
screen to transfer goods to other households as part
of a trade or loan agreement.
46. Flowchart
Contents
MARKET
• The market screen is where players access the
market to buy and sell goods and services, check
market stocks and prices and review their assets.
• Radio buttons select market categories for display
(all, inputs, food, other).
• Clicking on an asset in the selection panel will give a
brief description of the product, display market buy
and sell prices and list current stocks.
48. Flowchart
Contents
BANK
• The bank screen gives players access to financial
services.
• Clicking the pay button will display a list of
outstanding debts for payment.
• The loan button is used to apply for a loan. Several
loan amounts and terms are available for selection.
• Clicking the statement button displays the player’s
bank balance.
50. Flowchart
Contents
STATISTICS
• The statistics screen, where players can review
statistical data from the game, is available in the
single player game.
• During the game, data on the player’s household
composition, assets and nutrition & health can be
viewed. Historical market price data and weather
records are also available.
• When the game is finished the statistical data for all
households is available for review.
52. Flowchart
Contents
COMMUNICATION
• In the multiplayer game, communication is facilitated
by a dedicated panel in the lower part of the user
interface.
• Players can chat with any players in the same game
view. These conversations are public.
• Players can also privately phone or text other players.
• The Game Manager can broadcast messages to all
players via the news ticker at the bottom of the
screen.
• The single player game uses a simpler interface for
interaction.
53. Flowchart
Contents
GAME HELP
The single player game has an integrated help system
which includes the following features:
• Screen Help, which explains current screen functions,
is accessed by clicking the help button.
• Stage Help, which details the required player actions
for the current game stage, is accessed by clicking
the calendar stage display.
• Button mouseovers can display help text when the
cursor is moved over navigation or function buttons.
• Warnings can be displayed if a player attempts to
move to the next stage before essential tasks have
been completed.
54. Flowchart
Contents
PROJECT INFORMATION
African Farmer is developed by a team from the
University of Sussex and Future Agricultures. Dr John
Thompson from the Institute of Development Studies is
the Project Coordinator; game development is being
carried out by Ellie Martin and Jim Jackson at the School
of Engineering and Informatics, University of Sussex,
under the leadership of Dr Judith Good.
The project is supported by the United Kingdom’s
Department for International Development through a
grant to the Future Agricultures Consortium, with
additional support from the United Kingdom Economic
and Social Research Council (ESRC) through a grant
to the STEPS Centre.
55. Flowchart
Contents
LINKS
• African Farmer Game
• Future Agricultures Consortium
• Institute of Development Studies
• Informatics Department, University of Sussex
• STEPS Centre
• Department for International Development
• Economic and Social Research Council