Africa is the second largest continent located in the Northern and Eastern hemispheres. It has a diverse landscape that includes deserts like the Sahara, grasslands, and the Great Rift Valley. Africa's population of over 1 billion people speaks hundreds of indigenous languages as well as European languages introduced during colonial rule. The continent faces health challenges such as malaria and HIV/AIDS but is also home to a wide variety of wildlife and cultural groups.

1. Africa
The Land of Great Contrast

2. INSULAR LOCATION
North
Mediterranean Sea
East
Gulf of Aden and Indian
Ocean
West
Atlantic Ocean
South
Southern Ocean

3. Africa is the second
largest continent with
total land area of
30,300,000 sq. km.
Africa was home of
man's oldest
civilization and
birthplace of
humanity.

4. Madagascar - the
largest island in
Africa.
Algeria is the
largest state.
Seychelles is the
smallest recognize
state.

5. The Sahara and
Other Deserts
 Africa is centered
on Equator and the
Continent lies
between tropic of
cancer and
capricorn.
 Southern African
region covers by
two desert: Kalahari
and Namib Desert.

6.  North Region is
Sahara Desert - the
world's largest
desert and it is
larger than USA.
 Sahara is the
dividing line
between African-
Arab Nations and
Black Nations to the
South.
 Sahara is made up
of smaller deserts in
the east - Libyan,
Arabian and Nubian
Deserts.

7. North and
Southern Africa
 (1) Black Africa to the South
(2) African-Arab States to the
North.
 Sahara Or North Africa divide
the people into two distinct
types:
(2.1) Influenced by Greek and
Roman civilization
(2.2) Influenced by Islamic
religion.

8. Satellite image of
GREAT RiFT VALLEY
The Great
Rift Valley
 A long depression or
opening in the Earth
runs through the
Eastern Highlands.
 Great Rift Valley is
active tectonic plate.

9.  Features Of
Great Rift Valley
1.1 Lake Victoria - The
world's largest lake
1.2 Nile River - The
world's longest lake also
flows in Great Rift Valley
1.3 Mt. Kilimanjaro
(Tanzania) - Highest
peak in Africa.
1.4 Mt. Kenya - Highest
mountain in Kenya.

10. Climate
 The climate of Africa ranges
from tropical to sub-arctic.
 Africa is the hottest continent
on Earth.
 60% of Continent are
deserts and dry lands.
 58°c the highest recorded
temperature (1922 in Libya)
on Earth.

11.  58°c the highest
recorded
temperature (1922
in Libya) on Earth.
 Desert or Arid in
Northern half of
Africa.
 Savanna Plain and
jungle in Central to
South Region

12. Rivers and Other
Waterforms
Africa has a number of
long river.
 (1) Nile River (6,695km)
– Longest River in the
world.
(1.1) Aswan High Dam -
irrigates the fertile land in
Egypt and Sudan.
(1.2) Lake Nasser - artificial
lake.

13.  (2) Niger River -
main river in
Western Africa.
 (3) Congo (Zaire)
River - flows north
and west curve to
the Atlantic Ocean.
 (4) Zambezi River -
flows from Zambia
to Indian Ocean.
 Africa's highest
waterfall is Victoria
Falls.

14. Savanna and
Wildlife
 Savannas are between desert
region and rainforest.
 Savannas are home of wild
beasts, giraffes, zebras, lions,
rhino and etc.
 Africa has over 3,000 protected
areas which includes:
¤ 198 marine protected areas
¤ 50 biosphere reserves
¤ 80 wetland reserves

15. Common
Languages in Africa
Languages
 Africans speak
more than 800
languages.
 Arabic - is the chief
tongue in Northern
Africa.
 Swahili (Bantu
Languages) - used
by Eastern
Africans.
 Hausa - language
spoken in west.

16. Source:
Wikipedia Images
 Khoi-San - unusual
language of
Bushmen and
Hottentots which is
characterized by
clicking sounds.
 English and French -
are the official
languages of former
European colonies.
 Afrikaans - a
Germanic language
developed by Dutch
settlers in 1600's.

17. 2006 Distribution Of Population .
* City with at least 1million people.
Population
and
People
 Africa is the
second most
populous
continent with
1,032,532 (2011).
 Population
Density of 30.51
Sq. Km.
 Nigeria is the
largest human
concentration in
Africa.

18. Bushmen
Major Tribes
andSettlers
in Africa
 (1) Negroes - the
largest group of
people in Africa.
(1.2) Bushmen -
tribe hunters in
Kalahari Desert.
(1.3) Hottentots -
nomadic herdic
people of south
west.

19. NBA Player Manute Bol Is Dinka Ethnic.
Example of Pygmies in Africa.
 (2) Nilokos
(2.1) Dinkas -
live in Nile River
Basin, they are
dark-skinned
and tall.
(2.2) Pygmies -
grow taller than
4.5 ft., hunters
in tropical
rainforest.

20. Berbers & Bedouins
 (3) Caucasian
Or North African
(3.1) Berbers -
dwell north of
the Sahara.
(3.2) Bedouins -
nomadic tribe,
they live in tents
and roam the
vast desert.

21. Health
 Heatlh Assistance is
the major problem in
Africa.
 Common Diseases
1.Diseases Transmitted By
Insects :Malaria, Yellow Fever
, Dengue fever.
2.Diseases Transmitted
Through Food And Water :
Typhoid fever, Cholera,
Hepatitis A.
3.Diseases Transmitted
Through Intimate Contact :
IDS/HIV, Hepatitis B.