This document discusses affordable housing in India. It provides background on the urban housing scenario, highlighting the large urban population and number of slum households. It then outlines various government initiatives and policies to promote affordable housing, including interest subsidy schemes and the Housing for All initiative. Case studies are presented on techniques for reducing construction costs, such as those used by architects Laurie Baker and Charles Correa. The document stresses the need for affordable housing in India given the growing population.

1. AFFORDABLE HOUSING IN INDIA
BY
MADALA SURYA TEJA
GUIDE:
ANGELA SILVIA PAVESI
MARIATERESA PERRUCCI

2. AFFORDABLE HOUSING IN INDIA

3. CONTENTS
 AFFORDABLE HOUSING
 URBAN HOUSING SCENARIO IN INDIA
 HOUSING POLICIES OVER THE YEARS
 GOVERNAMENT INTITATIVES FOR AFFORDABLE HOUSING
 DIFFERENT BUILDING TECHNIQUES FOR AFFORDABLE
HOUSING
 LIVE CASE STUDY
 TECHNIQUES TO REDUCE THE COST FROM AREA
 SOLVING THE AFFORDABILITY PROBLEM
 CONCLUSION

4. Affordability
House
Hold
Income
House
Price
Funding
Agencies
Savings
AFFORDABILITY:
Affordability is principally set by two main variables:
1. Capital
variables
(house purchase
costs)
2. Occupation
variables
(costs associated
with keeping
the house).

5. Affordable Housing
 Housing units that are affordable by that section of society
whose income is below the median household income.
 Affordable housing should address the housing needs of the
lower or middle income households.
 Affordable housing becomes a key issue especially in
developing nations where a majority of the population isn't
able to buy houses at the market price.
 The Government of India has taken various measures to
meet the increased demand for affordable housing along
with some developers and stressing on Public - Private -
Partnerships (PPP) for development of these units.

6. Why Do We Need Affordable Housing
 A household should spend no more than 30% of its total
income on housing costs, including mortgage or rent
payments & utilities
 More than 30%: housing cost burdened
 Lack of affordable housing is a crisis for both communities
& individual households
 For communities—attracting & keeping employment
opportunities; quality neighborhoods
 For households—self-sufficiency, stability & improves
life outcomes for children
 Growing population day by day.

8. Urban Housing Scenario In India
 Over all population in India is 1.21 Billion
 The urban population in 2011 was 31.16%
of the total population.
 During last decade it increased at annual
rate of 3.35%.
 The process of urbanisation is marked by
increasing concerntration in larger cities.
 It is projected that by 2041, India’s urban
population will be 50% as per
Governament analysis.

9.  Approximately 32% of the population was living below the poverty
line and there is huge demand for affordable housing.
 The Government of India has taken up various initiatives for
developing properties in low cost and affordable segment.

10. Housing Policies Over The Years
 First National Housing Policy in India formulated in 1988.
 With change of Government in 1990, a new National Housing Policy
announced in August, 1994.
 Further, new National Housing & Habitat Policy announced in July,
1998
 With some landmark initiatives like involvement of multi-stakeholders,
 Repeal of Urban Land Ceiling Act,
 Permitting Foreign Direct Investment in housing and real estate sector, etc.
 However, all these policies were generic and applicable to both rural
and urban areas.
 Taking into account emerging challenges of required shelter and
growth of slums, the first ever urban areas specific National Urban
Housing and Habitat Policy, 2007 was announced in December 2007.

11. Growth of Slum & Urban In India
Graphical Representation between Urban Population &
Slum Population

12. Slum Population & House Holds in
India - 2001 & 2011
2001 2011
Urban House Holds (Million) 55.83 80.89
Slum House Holds (Million) 10.15 13.92
Slum House Hold Sizes 5.20 4.70
Slum Population (Million) 52.37 65.49
% of Slum HH’s to Urban HH’s 18.20 17.20
% of Slum Population to Urban
Population
18.30 17.40

13. Government Initiatives For
Affordable Housing
 Formulation of National Urban Housing & Habitat Policy 2007.
 Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission.
 Interest Subsidy Scheme for Housing the Urban Poor.
 Affordable Housing in Partnership : Modification in JNNURM
 Setting up of a High Power Task Force on Affordable Housing.
 Launch of the Rajiv Awas Yojana.
 The government’s recently launched ‘Housing for all by 2022’
scheme is expected to create over two crore homes for the
economically weaker sections (EWS), including slum-dwellers and
low income groups (LIGs).
 The centrally sponsored scheme will cover 4,041 towns and will be
implemented in three phases. The scheme will reportedly provide the
poor with financial aid as well. All this, experts suggest, will
significantly increase the demand for low-cost homes.

15. Interest Subsidy Scheme For
Urban Poor
 A new Pilot Scheme for providing interest subsidy on housing loans
availed by EWS/LIG availed for acquisition/construction of house.
 Encourages poor sections to avail of loan facilities through
Banks/HFCs.
 Subsidy will be 5% on the interest charge for EWS/LIG up to Rs.1
lakh for the full period of the loan.
 Loan repayment period permissible 15 to 20 years.
 Levy of pre-payment charges would not be permitted.
 Targets to cover 0.31 million households under EWS/LIG segments.

16. Cont..
 Total subsidy during 11th Plan Rs.1100 crore.
 Scheme is biased in favor of banks. All concerns of banks have been
incorporated in the scheme.
 Credit risk of HFIs has been reduced considerably.
 Lot of inbuilt risk mitigates in the scheme like borrower should have
a plot.
 Subsidy is disbursed upfront on basis of NPV.
 Repayment liability of borrowers has been considerably reduced
(EMI is less than 20% of monthly household income).
 Scheme has received positive response from banks and States both.

17. Different Building Techniques Are:
Extensive Planning
Recycling
Modular Planning
Infilling

18. Laurie Baker (1917-2007)
 Laurie baker Was an award-winning British-
born Indian architect.
 Renowned for his initiatives in cost-effective
energy-efficient architecture.
 Made many concepts related to low cost
housing.
 He was a pioneer of sustainable architecture
as well as organic architecture, incorporating
in his designs even in the late 1960s, concepts
such as rain-water harvesting, minimizing
usage of energy-inefficient building materials,
minimizing damage to the building site and
seamlessly merging with the surroundings.

19. Techniques Used By Laurie Baker

20. Incremental Housing, CBD Belapur
A Case Study Of Low Cost Housing Typology
Designed By - AR. CHARLES CORREA (1930 – 2015)
 He was an Indian architect, urban planner
and activist. Credited for the creation of
modern architecture in post-Independence
India, he was celebrated for his sensitivity
to the needs of the urban poor and for his
use of traditional methods and materials.
 He did Belapur incremental housing
project - a proposal for mass affordable
housing in New Bombay (Navi Mumbai),
which demonstrated how high densities
could be achieved with low-rise courtyard
homes, built with simple materials at a
human scale.

21. Planning Spaces
 Based on clusters of between seven and 12 pairs of houses arranged around
communal courtyards, the buildings did not share party walls – allowing each
family to extend and adapt their own house independently.
 550 families were planned for in a 6-acre area limitation.
 Three of these groups form a module of twenty-one homes that describes the
collective space of the next scale (approximately 12m x 12m).

22. SITE
MAP
3 X 3 X 1 X 7

23.  Correa discussed housing and the importance
of people to be involved in determining its
design and use.
 Additionally, he also emphasized incremental
housing as a centerpiece to any solution that
was proposed for a place like Dharavi.
 The footprint of each plan varies little in size
(from 45 sq. m to 70 sq. m), maintaining
equity (fairness) in the community.
 Scheme caters wide range from the lowest
budgets of Rs. 20000, Middle income groups
Rs. 30000-50000 and Upper income
Rs.180000.

24. 7 House Unit
Typology A Typology B Typology C
Service Line Indication

25. Type B
Type A

26.  TECHNOLOGY: External walls of
brick; roof structure covered with wooden
shingles.
 MATERIALS: Brick, plaster of white color,
colorful wooden fixtures, outdoor paving
stone blocks.
 Individual houses rely on simple floor plans
and building methods, enabling local masons
and crafts people to construct them.
 The village was produced with the idea that
the residents were going to alter it in many
ways, making it truly their own, therefore
homes are freestanding, so residents can add
on to them as their families grow; and
differently priced plans appeal to a wide
variety of income levels.
Materials And Construction

27. Techniques To Reduce Cost From Area
 Reduce plinth area by using thinner wall concept.
 Use locally available material in an innovative form like soil cement
blocks in place of burnt brick.
 Use energy efficiency materials which consumes less energy like
concrete block in place of burnt brick.
 Use environmentally friendly materials which are substitute for
conventional building components like use R.C.C. Door and window
frames in place of wooden frames.
 Preplan every component of a house and rationalize the design
procedure for reducing the size of the component in the building.
 By planning each and every component of a house the wastage of
materials due to demolition of the unplanned component of the
house can be avoided.

28. Solving The Affordability Problem
 Public education efforts—the public must support the need
for affordable housing and be willing to provide the
necessary support.
 Land use strategies to reduce the cost of housing.
 Reduction in building & management costs.
 Reduction in finance costs.
 Increase resources for housing.

29. Conclusion
 There is a strict need at present in India for building cheap and affordable
houses
 It is the key to nations development ,to provide proper shelter to its citizens
 The growing population in urban areas have led to a strict shortage in land,
congested traffic and housing shortfall
 This has also led to the hike in prices which makes it impossible for
common people to have their own houses
 Thus there is a immediate need for construction of cheap houses in large
scale.
 There is an urgent need to address various issues related to affordable
housing for promoting Real estate developer participation.
 This is a great opportunity for introducing new technologies for speedy and
affordable construction.
 This is also an opportunity to introduce green materials and construction
technologies.

30. Way Forward
Planning Related Reforms is key to success.
 Land is the main issue and Government has a big
responsibility.
 Integrated land and transport use policy.
 Earmark land for shelter & affordable housing.
 Rationalise standards.
 Develop land market and use land based financing
instruments.

31. People are aspiring for change. They need enabling environment to
change their lot. Policy support is far cheaper and effective.