Grillage Analysis of T-Beam bridge, Box culvert and their Limit State Design; components of Bridges and loads acting on bridges are presented in this slide.
Grillage Analysis of T-Beam bridge, Box culvert and their Limit State Design; components of Bridges and loads acting on bridges are presented in this slide.
information on types of beams, different methods to calculate beam stress, design for shear, analysis for SRB flexure, design for flexure, Design procedure for doubly reinforced beam,
Priliminary design of column
before going to give properties to the structure in the staad pro preliminary design have to be done to find out the dimensions of column
information on types of beams, different methods to calculate beam stress, design for shear, analysis for SRB flexure, design for flexure, Design procedure for doubly reinforced beam,
Priliminary design of column
before going to give properties to the structure in the staad pro preliminary design have to be done to find out the dimensions of column
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
2. STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS II
PLASTIC ANALYSIS. KINEMATIC METHOD
1.- ELASTIC ANALYSIS OF GRIDS
1.1.- COMPATIBILITY METHOD
1.2- SLOPE DEFLECTION METHOD
2.- PLASTIC ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURES
2.1- PLASTIC ANALYSIS OF BEAMS. EQUILIBRIUM METHOD
2.2- PLASTIC ANALYSIS OF FRAMES
2.2.1- KINEMATIC METHOD
2.2.2- INCREMENTAL ANALYSIS. HINGE BY HINGE METHOD
3.- INTRODUCTION TO SECOND ORDER ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURES
2.3- PLASTIC ANALYSIS OF SLABS.
FEBRUARY
MARCHADNAPRIL
MAY
3. STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS II
PLASTIC ANALYSIS. KINEMATIC METHOD
When the punctual load is not applied in the middle of the span…
Or when we are analysing frames…
We cannot apply the expressions of Plastic Moments in simple beams
We apply the KIMENATIC METHOD
4. STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS II
PLASTIC ANALYSIS. KINEMATIC METHOD
KIMENATIC METHOD
1.- DRAW A POSSIBLE COLLAPSE PATTERN
2.- CALCULATE THE Mp THAT PRODUCES THAT COLLAPSE PATTERN
3.- CHECK IF THE COLLAPSE PATTERN + Mp VALUE ARE LINKED WITH A
BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAM IN EQUILIBRIUM
1.1. Number of hinges required?
1.2. Points where a hinge can be formed?
1.3. Combinations?
2.1. Application of Virtual Work Principle Wext = Wint
2.2. Calculation of Mp
3.1. Equilibrium (three equilibrium equations)
5. STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS II
PLASTIC ANALYSIS. KINEMATIC METHOD
1.- DRAW A POSSIBLE COLLAPSE PATTERN
1.1. Number of hinges required?
(degree of indeterminacy + 1)
1.2. Points where a hinge can be formed?
1.3. Combinations?
1 + 1 = 2
A, B, C
AB, AC, BC
6. STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS II
PLASTIC ANALYSIS. KINEMATIC METHOD
2.- COLLAPSE PATTERN AB. VIRTUAL WORK PRINCIPLE
External Work: Load · displacement
Internal Work: Mp · rotation
Where there is a hinge in the collapse pattern,
there is a Mp in the bending moment diagram
BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAM
7. STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS II
PLASTIC ANALYSIS. KINEMATIC METHOD
2.- COLLAPSE PATTERN AB. VIRTUAL WORK PRINCIPLE
External Work: Load · displacement
Internal Work: Mp · rotation
Where there is a hinge in the collapse pattern,
there is a Mp in the bending moment diagram
BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAM
8. STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS II
PLASTIC ANALYSIS. KINEMATIC METHOD
2.- COLLAPSE PATTERN AC. VIRTUAL WORK PRINCIPLE
External Work: Load x displacement
Internal Work: Mp x rotationExternal Work: Load · displacement
Internal Work: Mp · rotation
BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAM
Where there is a hinge in the collapse pattern,
there is a Mp in the bending moment diagram
9. STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS II
PLASTIC ANALYSIS. KINEMATIC METHOD
2.- COLLAPSE PATTERN AC. VIRTUAL WORK PRINCIPLE
External Work: Load x displacement
Internal Work: Mp x rotation
External Work: Load · displacement
Internal Work: Mp · rotation
BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAM
Where there is a hinge in the collapse pattern,
there is a Mp in the bending moment diagram
10. STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS II
PLASTIC ANALYSIS. KINEMATIC METHOD
2.- COLLAPSE PATTERN BC. VIRTUAL WORK PRINCIPLE
External Work: Load x displacement
Internal Work: Mp x rotationExternal Work: Load · displacement
Internal Work: Mp · rotation
BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAM
11. STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS II
PLASTIC ANALYSIS. KINEMATIC METHOD
2.- COLLAPSE PATTERN BC. VIRTUAL WORK PRINCIPLE
External Work: Load x displacement
Internal Work: Mp x rotationExternal Work: Load · displacement
Internal Work: Mp · rotation
BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAM
12. STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS II
PLASTIC ANALYSIS. KINEMATIC METHOD
2.- CHOOSE THE TRUE COLLAPSE PATTERN ¿?
Mp….. The highest
Pu….. The lowest
So the correct collapse pattern should be AC
Mp = 1,5 P
Pu = 0,666 Mp
13. STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS II
PLASTIC ANALYSIS. KINEMATIC METHOD
2.- WHAT HAPPENS IF I MAKE A MISTAKE OR I FORGET A COLLAPSE
PATTERN THAT IS THE CORRECT ONE?
3.- CHECK IF THE COLLAPSE PATTERN + Mp VALUE ARE LINKED WITH A
BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAM IN EQUILIBRIUM
THE SOLUTION IS UNIQUE AND IF THE COLLAPSE PATTERN IS THE
CORRECT ONE AND IF THE Mp IS THE CORRECT ONE THE BENDING
MOMENT DIAGRAM WILL BE IN EQUILIBRIUM
and no moment value in the diagram will be higher than Mp
14. STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS II
PLASTIC ANALYSIS. KINEMATIC METHOD
3.- CHECK IF THE COLLAPSE PATTERN + Mp VALUE ARE LINKED WITH A
BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAM IN EQUILIBRIUM
15. STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS II
PLASTIC ANALYSIS. KINEMATIC METHOD
DETERMINE THE PLASTIC ANALYSIS OF THE
FRAME APPLYING THE KIMENATIC METHOD
16. STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS II
PLASTIC ANALYSIS. KINEMATIC METHOD
1.- DEGREE OF INDETERMINACY?
2.- NUMBER OF HINGES REQUIRED TO PRODUCE THE GLOBAL COLLAPSE?
3.- POINTS WHERE THE MOMENT CAN BE MAXIMUM?
17. STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS II
PLASTIC ANALYSIS. KINEMATIC METHOD
1.- DEGREE OF INDETERMINACY?
2.- NUMBER OF HINGES REQUIRED TO PRODUCE THE GLOBAL COLLAPSE?
3.- POINTS WHERE THE MOMENT CAN BE MAXIMUM?
3
3+1
A, B, D, G, E
19. STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS II
PLASTIC ANALYSIS. KINEMATIC METHOD
ADGE, ADEB, AGEB, DGEB4.- COMBINATIONS
IS THERE ANY POSSIBLE PARTIAL COLLAPSE PATTERN?
BEAM PARTIAL COLLAPSE?
CANTILEVER PARTIAL COLLAPSE?
20. STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS II
PLASTIC ANALYSIS. KINEMATIC METHOD
ADGE, ADEB, AGEB, DGEB
4.- COMBINATIONS
ADGE and DGEB INCLUDE THE BEAM PARTIAL FAILURE
21. STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS II
PLASTIC ANALYSIS. KINEMATIC METHOD
ADGE, ADEB, AGEB, DGEB
4.- COMBINATIONS
ADEB produces a 0 external work, so it cannot be the true one
22. STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS II
PLASTIC ANALYSIS. KINEMATIC METHOD
ADGE, ADEB, AGEB, DGEB
4.- COMBINATIONS
AGEB could be possible
23. STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS II
PLASTIC ANALYSIS. KINEMATIC METHOD
ADGE, ADEB, AGEB, DGEB
4.- COMBINATIONS
AGEB could be possible
26. STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS II
PLASTIC ANALYSIS. KINEMATIC METHOD
ADGE, ADEB, AGEB, DGEB
4.- COMBINATIONS
AGEB could be possible
27. STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS II
PLASTIC ANALYSIS. KINEMATIC METHOD
Mp = 0,5 P < Mp = 3P/4
As the true collapse pattern is a partial collapse, we cannot
calculate all the diagram values
28. STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS II
PLASTIC ANALYSIS. KINEMATIC METHOD
DETERMINE THE PLASTIC ANALYSIS OF THE
FRAME APPLYING THE KIMENATIC METHOD
29. STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS II
PLASTIC ANALYSIS. KINEMATIC METHOD
1.- DEGREE OF INDETERMINACY?
2.- NUMBER OF HINGES REQUIRED TO PRODUCE THE GLOBAL COLLAPSE?
3
30. STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS II
PLASTIC ANALYSIS. KINEMATIC METHOD
1.- DEGREE OF INDETERMINACY?
2.- NUMBER OF HINGES REQUIRED TO PRODUCE THE GLOBAL COLLAPSE?
3.- POINTS WHERE THE MOMENT CAN BE MAXIMUM?
3
3+1
31. STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS II
PLASTIC ANALYSIS. KINEMATIC METHOD
1.- DEGREE OF INDETERMINACY?
2.- NUMBER OF HINGES REQUIRED TO PRODUCE THE GLOBAL COLLAPSE?
3.- POINTS WHERE THE MOMENT CAN BE MAXIMUM?
3
3+1
A, B, D, E
33. STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS II
PLASTIC ANALYSIS. KINEMATIC METHOD
ADEB4.- COMBINATIONS
IS THERE ANY POSSIBLE PARTIAL COLLAPSE PATTERN?
BEAM PARTIAL COLLAPSE?
CANTILEVER PARTIAL COLLAPSE?
34. STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS II
PLASTIC ANALYSIS. KINEMATIC METHOD
4.- COMBINATIONS
ADEB is the only likely one
What happens if
the beam can
bear up to 2Mp
and the support
only up to Mp?
36. STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS II
PLASTIC ANALYSIS. KINEMATIC METHOD
IF WE CAN DRAW A BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAM IN EQUILIBRIUM AND
NO MOMENT IS BIGGER THAN Mp
WE CAN BE SURE THAT THE COLLAPSE PATTERN IS THE CORRECT ONE
37. STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS II
PLASTIC ANALYSIS. KINEMATIC METHOD
WHICH OPTION IS MORE LIKELY?
ARE THERE OTHER OPTIONS (partial collapse patterns) possible?
DO NOT FORGET TO CHECK THEM!
DETERMINE THE PLASTIC ANALYSIS OF THE
FRAME APPLYING THE KIMENATIC METHOD
38. STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS II
PLASTIC ANALYSIS. KINEMATIC METHOD
DETERMINE THE PLASTIC ANALYSIS OF THE
FRAME APPLYING THE KIMENATIC METHOD
39. STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS II
PLASTIC ANALYSIS. KINEMATIC METHOD
DETERMINE THE PLASTIC ANALYSIS OF THE
FRAME APPLYING THE KIMENATIC METHOD
40. STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS II
PLASTIC ANALYSIS. KINEMATIC METHOD
KIMENATIC METHOD
1.- DRAW A POSSIBLE COLLAPSE PATTERN
2.- CALCULATE THE Mp THAT PRODUCES THAT COLLAPSE PATTERN
3.- CHECK IF THE COLLAPSE PATTERN + Mp VALUE ARE LINKED WITH A
BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAM IN EQUILIBRIUM
1.1. Number of hinges required?
1.2. Points where a hinge can be formed?
1.3. Combinations?
2.1. Application of Virtual Work Principle Wext = Wint
2.2. Calculation of Mp
3.1. Equilibrium (three equilibrium equations)
44. STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS II
PLASTIC ANALYSIS. KINEMATIC METHOD
The collapse is produce by
the combination of
horizontal and vertical load:
combined mechanism
45. STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS II
PLASTIC ANALYSIS. KINEMATIC METHOD
RULES TO DRAW A COLLAPSE PATTERN
1.- BARS CANNOT GET LONGER OR SHORTER
2.- JOINT ANGLES CAN ONLY CHANGE IF THERE IS A HINGE
(plastic or real)
= bars can only rotate about hinges
3.- WE ASSUME THAT PERPENDICULAR DISPLACEMENTS ARE AS
CIRCUMFERENCE ARCS (small-angle theory)
56. STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS II
PLASTIC ANALYSIS. KINEMATIC METHOD
2.- CHOOSE THE TRUE COLLAPSE PATTERN ¿?
Mp….. The highest
Pu….. The lowest
So the correct collapse pattern should be ….
THE SOLUTION IS ALWAYS UNIQUE AND WE CAN BE SURE ABOUT IT
57. STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS II
PLASTIC ANALYSIS. KINEMATIC METHOD
ONLY IF WE CAN DRAW A BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAM IN
EQUILIBRIUM THE COLLAPSE PATTER IS THE TRUE ONE