Bacteriology has progressed significantly since its origins in the 17th century. Anton Von Leeuwenhoek first observed bacteria in 1675 using a microscope. In the late 19th century, Robert Koon and Erwin Smith established that certain bacteria can cause diseases in plants and animals. Since then, researchers have identified many bacterial pathogens of plants. For example, T.J. Burbil in 1878 showed that Erwinia amylovora causes fire blight in pears and apples. Advancements continued into the 20th century, such as the discovery that the crown gall bacterium inserts genes into plant cells to cause tumor formation.

2. ASSIGNMENT TOPIC ADVANCMENT
IN PLANT BACTERIOLOGY
Submitted By:
Kamran Ali Shah 2013-ag-2099

3. Unicellular microorganisms which have cell walls but
lack organelles and not have a nucleus,
some which can cause disease.

4. History of bacteriology started when
Anton Von Leeuwenhoek, (Dutch
Worker) observed Bacteria for the
first time in 1675 with Microscope.
In 1683 he described the bacteria
seen with microscope

5. Robert Koon (1876) from Germany
had proved that the bacteria can
cause such disease as anthrax,
tuber culosis or Asiatic cholera. He
gave four famous Koch’s Postulates
for proving that a particular
organism is the cause of particular
disease

6. Woronin (1876) isolated and
described the root nodule
bacteria in leguminous plant.
Now it was well recognised that
all the organisms’ bacteria are
most closely related to human
being life.

7. T.J Burbil from University of Illinois
(1878) was first proved to association
of bacterium with plant disease. He
showed that Erwinia amylovora
causes fire blight pear and apple

8. In 1879 Prilleaux
reported the
bacterial decay of
wheat kernels

9. In 1883 J.H Wakker published
the results on his through
investigations on yellow slime
disease of hyacinth caused by
bacterium

10. J.C Arther (From USA) during
1885-1887 confirmed Burrill’s work.
 Luigi Savastano (1887)
Luigi Savastano (From Italy) described
in 1887 a bacterial knot disease of olives

11. Erwin F. Smith (From USA) started studying bacterial
disease of pants from 1890. His humerous and excellent
contributions on to the study of bacterial disease of
plants, particularly of the bacterial wilts of cucurbits, of
solanaceous crops, and of cruifers established beyond any
doubt the role of bacteria as phytopathogens. He resolved
the controversy with the German Bacteriologist, Alfred
Fischer (1897,1899) who did not think that bacteria were
the primary cause of disease in plants. He also was among
the first to notice (1893-1894) and to study the crown gall
disease. He showed it to be caused by bacteria, studied its
anatomy and development, and considered it to resemble
cancerous tumors of human and animals.

12. E.J Butler from India,
examined the brown rot
disease of potato in 1903, and
indicated the bacterial nature
of the disease.

13. M.K Patel and associates from Pune,
India, commensed a serious of studies
on bacterial phytopathogens in 1948.
This team, over a period of about 15
years, reported on nearly 40 bacterial
diseases, some of them on economically
important host plants

14. Windsor and Black in 1972 observed
rickettsia like organisms in the
phloem of clover plants infected with
the club leaf disease. The following
year similar organisms were observed
in grape infected with pierces disease,
in peach infected with phony peach,
and others.

15. Chilton et al. (1977) showed that the
crown gall bacterium transforms
normal plant cells into tumor cells by
introducing into them a plasmid, part
of which becomes inserted into the
plant cell chromosomes DNA.