Poster presented at the Ecological Society of America 2013 in Minnesota for the ESA History section on the emergence of mycology and its role in ecology.
scope & history of microbiology an insight into how classification of microbes is done.
The information gathered here is from various search engines and research articles and the author thanks these sources for the provided information, the author does not claim any ownership towards the images and pictures used in this presentation and the ppt is intended for the purpose of education only
contribution of scientists in the field of microbiology:
Authors note: the information is gathered from various sources, and search engines, the author thanks these sources and the information is intended for academic & education purpose only
A detailed history of plant pathology is mentioned, covered various important contributions with diagrammatic representations of scientists and depth include of subject matter has been updated
Contribution of scientists in developing Microbiologyjigisha pancholi
CONTRIBUTIONS MADE BY ROBERT KOCH, LOUIS PASTEUR,JOSEPH LISTER, JOHN TYNDALL, ANTONIE VAN LEEUWENHOEK IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY HAS BEEN DESCRIBED
scope & history of microbiology an insight into how classification of microbes is done.
The information gathered here is from various search engines and research articles and the author thanks these sources for the provided information, the author does not claim any ownership towards the images and pictures used in this presentation and the ppt is intended for the purpose of education only
contribution of scientists in the field of microbiology:
Authors note: the information is gathered from various sources, and search engines, the author thanks these sources and the information is intended for academic & education purpose only
A detailed history of plant pathology is mentioned, covered various important contributions with diagrammatic representations of scientists and depth include of subject matter has been updated
Contribution of scientists in developing Microbiologyjigisha pancholi
CONTRIBUTIONS MADE BY ROBERT KOCH, LOUIS PASTEUR,JOSEPH LISTER, JOHN TYNDALL, ANTONIE VAN LEEUWENHOEK IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY HAS BEEN DESCRIBED
HIGHLIGHTS IN THE HISTORY OF MICROBIOLOGY
Effects of Disease on Civilization
Infectious diseases have played major roles in shaping human history.
Bubonic Plague epidemic of mid 1300's, the "Great Plague", reduced population of western Europe by 25%. Plague bacterium was carried by fleas, spread from China via trade routes and poor hygiene. As fleas became established in rat populations in Western Europe, disease became major crisis.
Smallpox and other infectious diseases introduced by European explorers to the Americas in 1500's were responsible for destroying Native American populations. Example: In the century after Hernan Cortez's arrival in Mexico, the Aztec population declined from about 20 million to about 1.6 million, mainly because of disease.
Infectious diseases have killed more soldiers than battles in all wars up to World War II. Example: in U. S. Civil war, 93,000 Union soldiers died in direct combat; 210,000 died as a result of infections.
Until late 1800's, no one had proved that infectious diseases were caused by specific microbes, so there is no possibility of prevention or treatment.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Getting freaky with fungi: A historical perspective on the emergence of mycology
1. Baldauf
et
al.,
Science
2003
Ge0ng
freaky
with
fungi:
A
historical
perspec?ve
on
the
emergence
of
mycology
Sydney
I.
Glassman1
and
Roo
VandegriG2
1
1University
of
California,
Berkeley
2
University
of
Oregon
Mycology
without
Apology
Mycology
without
Apology
Mycology
without
Apology
Mycology
without
Apology
Mycology
without
Apology
In
2010,
Japanese
scien?st
Toshiyuki
Nakagaki
of
Hokkaido
University
showed
the
slime
mold
Physarum
polycephalum
could
recreate
the
Tokyo
rail
system
by
efficiently
connec?ng
food
resources.
Pier
Antonio
Micheli
(1679-‐1737),
an
Italian
botanist,
discovered
mushroom
spores
and
described
900
fungi
and
lichens.
Miles
Joseph
Berkeley
(1803-‐1889)
was
a
founding
father
in
plant
pathology
and
mycology
who
studied
life
histories
of
pathogenic
fungi
and
described
~
6,000
species.
Heinrich
Anton
de
Bary
(1831-‐1888),
a
founding
father
of
plant
pathology
and
modern
mycology,
coined
the
word
“symbiosis”
in
1879.
Founding
fathers
in
mycology
Modern
mycology
&
Fungal
Ecology
Fungi
are
important
drivers
of
ecosystem
func?ons
in
their
roles
as
primary
decomposers,
symbionts,
pathogens,
and
predators.
Discovery
that
apothecial
fungi
can
coopera?vely
generate
their
own
wind
(Roper
et
al
PNAS
2010).
Arthur
Henry
Reginald
Buller
(1874-‐1944)
discovered
that
fungi
in
the
genus
Pilobolus
are
able
to
fling
spores
more
than
2m
towards
light
by
aiming
with
a
lens
within
the
sub-‐sporangial
vesicle.
He
also
discovered
Buller’s
drop,
the
mechanism
of
spore
dispersal
in
Basidiomycetes.
From
research
on
the
rate
at
which
spores
dropped,
he
guessed
that
the
mechanism
involved
changes
in
surface
tension.
It
took
75
years
to
discover
the
exact
mechanism
of
the
surface
tension
catapult,
in
1989.
Robert
Harding
Whi<aker
(1920-‐1980),
dis?nguished
American
plant
ecologist,
first
proposed
that
Fungi
were
dis?nct
from
plants
in
1959.
Sir
Alexander
Fleming
(1881-‐1955)
discovered
the
an?bio?c
penicillin
from
the
mold
Penicillium
notatum
in
1928.
The
process
of
ballistospore
discharge.
Pringle,
A.
et
al.
"The
captured
launch
of
a
ballistospore."
Mycologia
2005.
Louis
René
Tulasne
(1815-‐1985)
was
a
French
mycologist
responsible
for
much
of
the
early
work
linking
asexual
and
sexual
stages
of
fungi,
and
with
his
brother
Charles
provided
a
founda?on
for
research
into
the
life
cycles
of
many
groups
of
fungi.
The
monolithic,
three-‐
volume
Selecta
fungorum
carpologia
(1861–65)
brings
much
of
their
work
together,
with
illustra?on
by
Charles
Tulasne.
Next
genera?on
sequencing
techniques
are
driving
advances
in
fungal
ecology.
Clemmensen
et
al
found
that
roots
and
mycorrhizal
fungi
sequester
~50-‐70%
of
carbon
in
boreal
forests
(Science.
2013.
Roots
and
Associated
Fungi
Drive
Long-‐Term
Carbon
Sequestra?on
in
Boreal
Forest.)
From
history
of
mycology
to
now:
Mycologists
have
used
fungi
to
understand
the
cell
cycle
and
gene?cs
and
to
produce
important
products
such
as
penicillin,
beer,
wine,
cheese,
and
bread.
With
only
100,000
species
described
and
an
es?mated
8
milllion
who
can
guess
what
future
mycologists
will
uncover?
Helvella
lacunosa
by
R.
VandegriG
Xylaria
apiculataby
R.
VandegriG
Epichloe
sylva;ca
by
R.
VandegriG
Schlicht
and
Janse
described
AMF
in
the
1890s.
AMF
drawing
by
R.
VandegriG.
hop://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
File:Tree_of_Living_Organisms_2.png
270
Albert
Berhard
Frank
(1839-‐1900)
is
credited
with
coining
the
term
mycorrhizae.
Ectomycorrhizae
(above),
and
endo-‐
(or
arbuscular)
mycorrhizae
(leG).
Among
land
plants,
80%
of
species
and
92%
of
families
associate
with
at
least
one
type
of
mycorrhiza
(Smith
and
Read
Mycorrhizal
Symbiosis
2010).