The document provides background information on the Harlem Renaissance, which was a cultural movement centered in the Harlem neighborhood of New York City in the 1920s. It discusses how the Great Migration of African Americans from the rural South to northern cities contributed to the emergence of the movement. Key figures associated with the Harlem Renaissance included painter Jacob Lawrence, poet Langston Hughes, and musicians Duke Ellington, Louis Armstrong, and Bessie Smith. The movement helped redefine understandings of African American culture and marked the beginning of black urban society in the United States.