Ethiopian Development Reserach Institute (EDRI) and Interational Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), Borwn Bag Series, December 15, 2010 at ILRI Campus Addis Ababa
Agricultural growth in Ethiopia (2004-2014): Evidence and driversessp2
1. Ethiopia's agriculture sector grew rapidly from 2004-2014 at an average of 7.6% per year, more than doubling crop output. This growth was driven by a combination of factors including increased labor, land expansion, fertilizer use, improved seed adoption, and total factor productivity growth.
2. Major drivers of agricultural modernization included expanded agricultural extension services, improved rural connectivity and infrastructure, higher output to input price ratios incentivizing technology adoption, and increased education reducing illiteracy.
3. Yield growth for crops like maize and wheat was among the highest in the world, though estimates vary between data sources. Further investigation is still needed on yield levels, cereal output and consumption patterns, and
The rapid expansion of herbicide use in smallholder agriculture in Ethiopiaessp2
This document summarizes research on the rapid expansion of herbicide use in smallholder agriculture in Ethiopia. The study finds that herbicide use has increased fivefold in the last decade as imports have risen. Herbicides are mainly used on commercial cereals like teff and wheat. The research finds that herbicide application leads to improved crop production and increased labor productivity, especially for weeding. Transportation costs and rural wage levels are the main factors determining farmers' adoption of herbicides. The expanded herbicide use could significantly reduce rural labor needs but also raises issues regarding herbicide quality, safety, and potential health implications that require monitoring.
Addressing Human Zinc Deficiency through Agricultural Innovations in Ethiopiaessp2
This document summarizes research on addressing human zinc deficiency in Ethiopia through agricultural innovations. It finds that zinc deficiency is a major public health problem in Ethiopia, exacerbated by zinc-deficient soils. Preliminary research shows that applying zinc sulfate fertilizer, especially as a side-dressing or foliar application, increases the zinc content of staple crops like maize without reducing yields. Further research is still needed to evaluate optimal application methods across soils, crops and varieties, and determine the bioavailability of increased zinc levels in crops. The research has the goal of informing national fertilizer recommendations and policies to combat zinc deficiency through low-cost agronomic practices.
Remote sensing –Beyond images
Mexico 14-15 December 2013
The workshop was organized by CIMMYT Global Conservation Agriculture Program (GCAP) and funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF), the Mexican Secretariat of Agriculture, Livestock, Rural Development, Fisheries and Food (SAGARPA), the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), CGIAR Research Program on Maize, the Cereal System Initiative for South Asia (CSISA) and the Sustainable Modernization of the Traditional Agriculture (MasAgro)
Assessment of the preference of smallholders' farmers on the adoption of soil...Mziray14
This document summarizes a study assessing smallholder farmers' preferences for adopting irrigation techniques and soil conservation interventions in Tanzania. The study used choice experiments to understand which technologies farmers prefer based on attributes like type, financing, provider, and contract length. Results showed farmers preferred improved alternate furrow irrigation over traditional methods and grass strips over other soil conservation options. Socioeconomic factors like family size, farm size, and income influenced technology preferences. The expansive survey areas and need for additional enumerator training presented challenges.
Android Adoption and its Economic Impacts to Software StrategyMark Benson
Logic PD is a design and engineering firm that has expanded over the decades to include software, electrical engineering, and manufacturing capabilities. The document discusses how the rapid adoption of the Android operating system for smartphones should impact Logic PD's software strategy. It provides an overview of Android and its open source nature. It also discusses concepts from economics like substitutes, complements, and cross-price elasticity of demand. The document concludes that Android could allow for quicker development time and leveraging the developer community, but may not be suitable if strong differentiation is needed or real-time performance is critical.
The document discusses how cloud computing enables business transformation by changing how customers interact with companies and how internal operations are automated. It emphasizes adopting a growth mindset and differentiating at the levels of product, customer experience and support services. A key aspect is aligning marketing and sales to the customer adoption cycle by using techniques like tipping the funnel to turn customers into unpaid sales representatives through social influence. The cloud represents massive change that requires rethinking the customer, sales/marketing processes and organizational structure.
Agricultural growth in Ethiopia (2004-2014): Evidence and driversessp2
1. Ethiopia's agriculture sector grew rapidly from 2004-2014 at an average of 7.6% per year, more than doubling crop output. This growth was driven by a combination of factors including increased labor, land expansion, fertilizer use, improved seed adoption, and total factor productivity growth.
2. Major drivers of agricultural modernization included expanded agricultural extension services, improved rural connectivity and infrastructure, higher output to input price ratios incentivizing technology adoption, and increased education reducing illiteracy.
3. Yield growth for crops like maize and wheat was among the highest in the world, though estimates vary between data sources. Further investigation is still needed on yield levels, cereal output and consumption patterns, and
The rapid expansion of herbicide use in smallholder agriculture in Ethiopiaessp2
This document summarizes research on the rapid expansion of herbicide use in smallholder agriculture in Ethiopia. The study finds that herbicide use has increased fivefold in the last decade as imports have risen. Herbicides are mainly used on commercial cereals like teff and wheat. The research finds that herbicide application leads to improved crop production and increased labor productivity, especially for weeding. Transportation costs and rural wage levels are the main factors determining farmers' adoption of herbicides. The expanded herbicide use could significantly reduce rural labor needs but also raises issues regarding herbicide quality, safety, and potential health implications that require monitoring.
Addressing Human Zinc Deficiency through Agricultural Innovations in Ethiopiaessp2
This document summarizes research on addressing human zinc deficiency in Ethiopia through agricultural innovations. It finds that zinc deficiency is a major public health problem in Ethiopia, exacerbated by zinc-deficient soils. Preliminary research shows that applying zinc sulfate fertilizer, especially as a side-dressing or foliar application, increases the zinc content of staple crops like maize without reducing yields. Further research is still needed to evaluate optimal application methods across soils, crops and varieties, and determine the bioavailability of increased zinc levels in crops. The research has the goal of informing national fertilizer recommendations and policies to combat zinc deficiency through low-cost agronomic practices.
Remote sensing –Beyond images
Mexico 14-15 December 2013
The workshop was organized by CIMMYT Global Conservation Agriculture Program (GCAP) and funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF), the Mexican Secretariat of Agriculture, Livestock, Rural Development, Fisheries and Food (SAGARPA), the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), CGIAR Research Program on Maize, the Cereal System Initiative for South Asia (CSISA) and the Sustainable Modernization of the Traditional Agriculture (MasAgro)
Assessment of the preference of smallholders' farmers on the adoption of soil...Mziray14
This document summarizes a study assessing smallholder farmers' preferences for adopting irrigation techniques and soil conservation interventions in Tanzania. The study used choice experiments to understand which technologies farmers prefer based on attributes like type, financing, provider, and contract length. Results showed farmers preferred improved alternate furrow irrigation over traditional methods and grass strips over other soil conservation options. Socioeconomic factors like family size, farm size, and income influenced technology preferences. The expansive survey areas and need for additional enumerator training presented challenges.
Android Adoption and its Economic Impacts to Software StrategyMark Benson
Logic PD is a design and engineering firm that has expanded over the decades to include software, electrical engineering, and manufacturing capabilities. The document discusses how the rapid adoption of the Android operating system for smartphones should impact Logic PD's software strategy. It provides an overview of Android and its open source nature. It also discusses concepts from economics like substitutes, complements, and cross-price elasticity of demand. The document concludes that Android could allow for quicker development time and leveraging the developer community, but may not be suitable if strong differentiation is needed or real-time performance is critical.
The document discusses how cloud computing enables business transformation by changing how customers interact with companies and how internal operations are automated. It emphasizes adopting a growth mindset and differentiating at the levels of product, customer experience and support services. A key aspect is aligning marketing and sales to the customer adoption cycle by using techniques like tipping the funnel to turn customers into unpaid sales representatives through social influence. The cloud represents massive change that requires rethinking the customer, sales/marketing processes and organizational structure.
The document discusses different adopter categories in the technology adoption lifecycle model: innovators, early adopters, early majority (pragmatists), late majority (conservatives), and laggards. It identifies pragmatists as the key target segment for messaging, as they seek minimal risk and disruption and focus on proven solutions. The document also notes that the model breaks down at the "chasm" between early adopters and pragmatists, as pragmatists may not trust early adopters as references and need to see continued use experience before adopting. It provides suggestions for crossing this chasm, such as focusing communications on the pragmatist segment.
HE Understanding academic resistance to the adoption of new learning technolo...Blackboard APAC
This document discusses academic resistance to adopting new learning technologies. It explores reasons for resistance, including a desire for academic freedom and identity, concerns about increased workloads, and ignorance of educational principles. The document outlines passive and active forms of resistance and strategies for overcoming resistance through transparency, education, engagement, and emphasizing benefits rather than compulsion. Overall, it examines understanding resistance in order to better facilitate adoption of new technologies and educational approaches.
9 Adoption Strategies for Enterprise Collaborationtibbr
Enterprise organizations are investing in social collaboration technologies but adoption rates have been low due to inertia, poor communication, confusing tools, and lack of consequences for not using new tools. This document provides 9 strategies to improve adoption rates: 1) integrate tools into workflows; 2) don't overwhelm employees; 3) celebrate milestones; 4) provide clear communication; 5) explain why tools are important, not just how to use them; 6) demonstrate tool use; 7) gamify the adoption process; 8) include all employees; 9) collaborate with vendors. Adoption requires a diverse set of strategies to appeal to all employees.
Technology adoption and impact pathways for SIMLESA. ShiferawJoanna Hicks
This document discusses the targets and pathways for achieving impacts from the SIMLESA project. The project aims to increase maize and legume yields by 30% for 500,000 farm households over 10 years in several African countries. It will monitor progress using indicators like adoption rates, yield increases, income gains, and other economic and social benefits. The impact pathway involves developing improved varieties and practices, disseminating these through partnerships, and measuring changes in production, income, food security, and other outcomes among smallholder farmers.
Problems and solution of Technology Adoption in AgricultureD Dutta Roy
The document discusses self-efficacy in technology adoption. It defines technology adoption as the cognitive, evaluative, and psychomotor processes involved in understanding and using new technologies. Characteristics of self-efficacious individuals include strong beliefs in their capabilities, monitoring internal and external factors, regulating goals, learning from experiences, and controlling physiological states. Self-efficacy can be measured by questionnaires assessing judgments of capabilities in areas like monitoring changes, enacting mastery experiences, self-regulation, learning from others, and managing emotions.
Change Doesn't Have to Hurt - Improving Adoption of a New Technology or ProcessDigital Measures
This document provides guidance on improving adoption of new processes and technologies within an organization. It emphasizes that change involves both a situational adjustment and an internal psychological transition. It recommends following the four Ps (Purpose, Picture, Plan, and Part to Play) to prepare for change and manage expectations, as there will likely be dips in performance during transition periods. Frequent, clear communication is key to ensuring consistency and addressing people's fears and concerns. Sharing in sacrifices and celebrating small wins can also help drive adoption of the new process or technology. Managing the transition properly is important, as an unmanaged transition can make the change unmanageable.
The document discusses the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and its viability for determining acceptance of e-learning technologies in higher education institutions. TAM identifies perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use as key factors influencing attitudes toward and use of new technologies. The document reviews literature on TAM and its constructs. It also presents two case studies that applied TAM to evaluate student acceptance of online technologies for communication and public relations courses. Both case studies found TAM to be an effective model for predicting technology use.
User satisfaction and technology acceptancePico Ya
The document summarizes key concepts related to user satisfaction and technology acceptance. It discusses the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), which identifies perceived usefulness and perceived ease-of-use as factors influencing whether users will accept and use new technologies. It also defines technology diffusion as the spread of technology throughout an organization, and technology infusion as the extent to which technology is embedded within departments.
This document discusses Rogers' diffusion of innovations theory, which examines how new ideas and technologies spread through populations over time. It defines key concepts such as innovation, communication channels, the innovation-decision process, adopter categories, and rate of adoption. The innovation-decision process involves 5 stages: knowledge, persuasion, decision, implementation, and confirmation. Innovations diffuse more rapidly when adopted first by innovators and early adopters via opinion leaders within a social system's communication networks and norms.
Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Adoption and Benefitsi4VC
This document discusses the adoption of new manufacturing technologies. It defines advanced manufacturing technologies and explains that adopting new technologies is crucial for business competitiveness in the face of rapid technological change. The document outlines factors to consider in the decision to adopt new technologies, including product/market reasons, financial reasons, and management/organizational reasons. It also discusses project management for new technologies and accounting for technology investments.
Technology adoption is a key process that enables hesitant users to successfully adopt and use new technologies, though not all innovations are readily accepted. The technology adoption process involves stages of awareness, assessment, acceptability, learning, and usage. Factors affecting adoption include perceived benefits and costs of the technology itself as well as of substitutes, infrastructure support, learning challenges, customer reluctance to change, and competing technologies from suppliers. Technologies also progress through an adoption life cycle in which certain groups adopt earlier than others. A survey of Indian MSMEs found online marketplaces have 45-50% penetration currently but may reach 80% in the coming years, while top barriers to technology adoption include cost, infrastructure, awareness, skilled labor.
Lecture 5 - Technology diffusion and technology transferUNU.MERIT
This document summarizes key concepts around technology diffusion and transfer. It discusses how diffusion involves the adoption of innovations over time, often following an S-shaped curve, as more actors accumulate knowledge through interaction. Theories of diffusion include epidemic models, where adoption spreads as information is shared, and equilibrium models, where gradual diffusion occurs as firms rationally weigh costs and benefits. Empirical studies have found factors like profitability, firm size, and access to credit influence a technology's rate of adoption.
Competing uses, dynamics, and production and utilization constraints of crop ...ILRI
1) Crop residues are important resources for smallholder farmers in East Africa but have competing uses that impact their availability and use for conservation agriculture practices.
2) The study found that crop residues from cereals like sorghum, teff and maize in the regions studied are predominantly used for animal feed rather than as mulch to cover soils.
3) Production and use of crop residues is constrained by factors like low soil fertility, high input costs, and lack of information. Ensuring sufficient crop residue production and promoting integrated farming approaches could help balance competing uses and increase soil cover for conservation agriculture.
- The document discusses experiences with the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) in Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh in India, which have seen food deficits. SRI practices including young seedlings, wider spacing, single seedlings, and organic matter addition have led to increased rice yields.
- SRI principles were adapted for other crops like wheat, finger millet, and kidney beans. Trials showed yield increases of over 60% on average compared to conventional practices. SRI was expanded to cover over 13,000 farmers and 551 hectares during drought conditions in 2009.
Novel QTLs for growth angle of seminal roots in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).PGS
Abstract
Because plants cannot change their environmental circumstances by changing their location, they must instead adapt to a wide variety of environmental conditions, especially soil conditions. One of the most effective ways for a plant to adapt to a given soil condition is by modifying its root system architecture. We aim to identify the genetic factors controlling root growth angle, a trait that affects root system architecture. Gravitropic and hydrotropic responses of wheat roots, which play a significant role in establishing root system architecture, are controlled by independent genetic factors.
Novel QTLs for growth angle of seminal roots in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). PGS
Novel QTLs for growth angle of seminal roots in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).
Dr. Alhosein Hamada, Associate Professor (Email: a.hamada@aun.edu.eg)
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University
This lecuter was presented in Plant Genetics Seminars. The content of this lecture was publised in Plant and Soil 2012
Evidence for scaling-up evergreen agriculture to increase productivity and re...africa-rising
Presented by Anthony Kimaro (ICRAF) and Elirehema Swai (ARI-Hombolo) at the Africa RISING East and Southern Africa Research Review and Planning Meeting, Arusha, Tanzania, 1-5 October 2012
This study identified and validated climate change adaptation strategies used by smallholder farmers in Uganda. Farmers in Masaka and Ngora districts reported observing changes in rainfall patterns that were confirmed by historical climate data. Common local adaptations included water harvesting, soil fertility management, and drought-tolerant forages. The study identified additional strategies used in Ethiopia and Kenya but not in the study areas, such as agroforestry, pasture conservation, and credit access. It recommends implementing relevant missing strategies to increase farmers' resilience to climate change.
The document discusses different adopter categories in the technology adoption lifecycle model: innovators, early adopters, early majority (pragmatists), late majority (conservatives), and laggards. It identifies pragmatists as the key target segment for messaging, as they seek minimal risk and disruption and focus on proven solutions. The document also notes that the model breaks down at the "chasm" between early adopters and pragmatists, as pragmatists may not trust early adopters as references and need to see continued use experience before adopting. It provides suggestions for crossing this chasm, such as focusing communications on the pragmatist segment.
HE Understanding academic resistance to the adoption of new learning technolo...Blackboard APAC
This document discusses academic resistance to adopting new learning technologies. It explores reasons for resistance, including a desire for academic freedom and identity, concerns about increased workloads, and ignorance of educational principles. The document outlines passive and active forms of resistance and strategies for overcoming resistance through transparency, education, engagement, and emphasizing benefits rather than compulsion. Overall, it examines understanding resistance in order to better facilitate adoption of new technologies and educational approaches.
9 Adoption Strategies for Enterprise Collaborationtibbr
Enterprise organizations are investing in social collaboration technologies but adoption rates have been low due to inertia, poor communication, confusing tools, and lack of consequences for not using new tools. This document provides 9 strategies to improve adoption rates: 1) integrate tools into workflows; 2) don't overwhelm employees; 3) celebrate milestones; 4) provide clear communication; 5) explain why tools are important, not just how to use them; 6) demonstrate tool use; 7) gamify the adoption process; 8) include all employees; 9) collaborate with vendors. Adoption requires a diverse set of strategies to appeal to all employees.
Technology adoption and impact pathways for SIMLESA. ShiferawJoanna Hicks
This document discusses the targets and pathways for achieving impacts from the SIMLESA project. The project aims to increase maize and legume yields by 30% for 500,000 farm households over 10 years in several African countries. It will monitor progress using indicators like adoption rates, yield increases, income gains, and other economic and social benefits. The impact pathway involves developing improved varieties and practices, disseminating these through partnerships, and measuring changes in production, income, food security, and other outcomes among smallholder farmers.
Problems and solution of Technology Adoption in AgricultureD Dutta Roy
The document discusses self-efficacy in technology adoption. It defines technology adoption as the cognitive, evaluative, and psychomotor processes involved in understanding and using new technologies. Characteristics of self-efficacious individuals include strong beliefs in their capabilities, monitoring internal and external factors, regulating goals, learning from experiences, and controlling physiological states. Self-efficacy can be measured by questionnaires assessing judgments of capabilities in areas like monitoring changes, enacting mastery experiences, self-regulation, learning from others, and managing emotions.
Change Doesn't Have to Hurt - Improving Adoption of a New Technology or ProcessDigital Measures
This document provides guidance on improving adoption of new processes and technologies within an organization. It emphasizes that change involves both a situational adjustment and an internal psychological transition. It recommends following the four Ps (Purpose, Picture, Plan, and Part to Play) to prepare for change and manage expectations, as there will likely be dips in performance during transition periods. Frequent, clear communication is key to ensuring consistency and addressing people's fears and concerns. Sharing in sacrifices and celebrating small wins can also help drive adoption of the new process or technology. Managing the transition properly is important, as an unmanaged transition can make the change unmanageable.
The document discusses the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and its viability for determining acceptance of e-learning technologies in higher education institutions. TAM identifies perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use as key factors influencing attitudes toward and use of new technologies. The document reviews literature on TAM and its constructs. It also presents two case studies that applied TAM to evaluate student acceptance of online technologies for communication and public relations courses. Both case studies found TAM to be an effective model for predicting technology use.
User satisfaction and technology acceptancePico Ya
The document summarizes key concepts related to user satisfaction and technology acceptance. It discusses the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), which identifies perceived usefulness and perceived ease-of-use as factors influencing whether users will accept and use new technologies. It also defines technology diffusion as the spread of technology throughout an organization, and technology infusion as the extent to which technology is embedded within departments.
This document discusses Rogers' diffusion of innovations theory, which examines how new ideas and technologies spread through populations over time. It defines key concepts such as innovation, communication channels, the innovation-decision process, adopter categories, and rate of adoption. The innovation-decision process involves 5 stages: knowledge, persuasion, decision, implementation, and confirmation. Innovations diffuse more rapidly when adopted first by innovators and early adopters via opinion leaders within a social system's communication networks and norms.
Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Adoption and Benefitsi4VC
This document discusses the adoption of new manufacturing technologies. It defines advanced manufacturing technologies and explains that adopting new technologies is crucial for business competitiveness in the face of rapid technological change. The document outlines factors to consider in the decision to adopt new technologies, including product/market reasons, financial reasons, and management/organizational reasons. It also discusses project management for new technologies and accounting for technology investments.
Technology adoption is a key process that enables hesitant users to successfully adopt and use new technologies, though not all innovations are readily accepted. The technology adoption process involves stages of awareness, assessment, acceptability, learning, and usage. Factors affecting adoption include perceived benefits and costs of the technology itself as well as of substitutes, infrastructure support, learning challenges, customer reluctance to change, and competing technologies from suppliers. Technologies also progress through an adoption life cycle in which certain groups adopt earlier than others. A survey of Indian MSMEs found online marketplaces have 45-50% penetration currently but may reach 80% in the coming years, while top barriers to technology adoption include cost, infrastructure, awareness, skilled labor.
Lecture 5 - Technology diffusion and technology transferUNU.MERIT
This document summarizes key concepts around technology diffusion and transfer. It discusses how diffusion involves the adoption of innovations over time, often following an S-shaped curve, as more actors accumulate knowledge through interaction. Theories of diffusion include epidemic models, where adoption spreads as information is shared, and equilibrium models, where gradual diffusion occurs as firms rationally weigh costs and benefits. Empirical studies have found factors like profitability, firm size, and access to credit influence a technology's rate of adoption.
Competing uses, dynamics, and production and utilization constraints of crop ...ILRI
1) Crop residues are important resources for smallholder farmers in East Africa but have competing uses that impact their availability and use for conservation agriculture practices.
2) The study found that crop residues from cereals like sorghum, teff and maize in the regions studied are predominantly used for animal feed rather than as mulch to cover soils.
3) Production and use of crop residues is constrained by factors like low soil fertility, high input costs, and lack of information. Ensuring sufficient crop residue production and promoting integrated farming approaches could help balance competing uses and increase soil cover for conservation agriculture.
- The document discusses experiences with the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) in Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh in India, which have seen food deficits. SRI practices including young seedlings, wider spacing, single seedlings, and organic matter addition have led to increased rice yields.
- SRI principles were adapted for other crops like wheat, finger millet, and kidney beans. Trials showed yield increases of over 60% on average compared to conventional practices. SRI was expanded to cover over 13,000 farmers and 551 hectares during drought conditions in 2009.
Novel QTLs for growth angle of seminal roots in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).PGS
Abstract
Because plants cannot change their environmental circumstances by changing their location, they must instead adapt to a wide variety of environmental conditions, especially soil conditions. One of the most effective ways for a plant to adapt to a given soil condition is by modifying its root system architecture. We aim to identify the genetic factors controlling root growth angle, a trait that affects root system architecture. Gravitropic and hydrotropic responses of wheat roots, which play a significant role in establishing root system architecture, are controlled by independent genetic factors.
Novel QTLs for growth angle of seminal roots in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). PGS
Novel QTLs for growth angle of seminal roots in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).
Dr. Alhosein Hamada, Associate Professor (Email: a.hamada@aun.edu.eg)
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University
This lecuter was presented in Plant Genetics Seminars. The content of this lecture was publised in Plant and Soil 2012
Evidence for scaling-up evergreen agriculture to increase productivity and re...africa-rising
Presented by Anthony Kimaro (ICRAF) and Elirehema Swai (ARI-Hombolo) at the Africa RISING East and Southern Africa Research Review and Planning Meeting, Arusha, Tanzania, 1-5 October 2012
This study identified and validated climate change adaptation strategies used by smallholder farmers in Uganda. Farmers in Masaka and Ngora districts reported observing changes in rainfall patterns that were confirmed by historical climate data. Common local adaptations included water harvesting, soil fertility management, and drought-tolerant forages. The study identified additional strategies used in Ethiopia and Kenya but not in the study areas, such as agroforestry, pasture conservation, and credit access. It recommends implementing relevant missing strategies to increase farmers' resilience to climate change.
Turkey: Water Management for Water and Food Security ICARDA
This document summarizes a presentation given on groundwater management in Turkey. It provides background on Turkey's agricultural sector and water resources, noting that groundwater accounts for 19% of irrigation water. Key agencies responsible for irrigation development and management are described. Turkey's groundwater policy involves permitting wells and transferring management to water user organizations. Challenges to sustainable groundwater use include overpumping and network water losses. Solutions discussed are metering wells, modernizing irrigation systems through pressurization and land consolidation, which can save water and increase yields.
Presented by G. Gebregziabher, L-M. Rebelo, A. Notenbaert, Y. Abebe, K. Ergano and G. Leta at the Nile Basin Development Challenge (NBDC) Science Workshop, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 9–10 July 2013
Impact of Sustainable Land and Watershed Management (SLWM) Practices in the B...essp2
International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) and Ethiopian Development Research Institute (EDRI). Conference on "Towards what works in Rural Development in Ethiopia: Evidence on the Impact of Investments and Policies". December 13, 2013. Hilton Hotel, Addis Ababa.
CASFESA closure: Results, Lessons, Gaps, Opportunities and Challenges--M. Jal...CIMMYT
The CASFESA project tested conservation agriculture principles including minimum tillage, intercropping, and residue retention in Ethiopia over three years. Key results include higher maize yields and profits under minimum tillage compared to conventional tillage. Challenges to adopting conservation agriculture practices included competition for crop residues from grazing animals, limited suitable legume varieties, and weed problems under minimum tillage. Opportunities for expanding conservation agriculture included supporting structures for soil and water conservation that restrict grazing, and partnerships with input supply organizations. Continued research is needed on legume varieties and technologies suitable for maize intercropping systems in the region.
The document discusses efficient water management strategies for sufficient crop production. It notes that water is a scarce resource that must be used properly, efficiently, economically and sustainably. It highlights that irrigation uses the majority of fresh water globally and that water availability is declining in India. Various strategies are presented to improve water use efficiency in agriculture, such as laser land leveling, alternate furrow irrigation, and raising crops in sunken beds with fish and vegetables to maximize productivity from available water. The overall message is that efficient irrigation management is critical to ensure sufficient food production with limited water resources.
Response of Hot Pepper (Capsicum Annuum L.) to Deficit Irrigation in Bennatse...Premier Publishers
This study was conducted at Enchete kebele in Benna-Tsemay Woreda, South Omo Zone to evaluate the response of hot pepper to deficit irrigation on yield and water productivity under furrow irrigation system. The experiment comprised four treatments (100 % of ETc, 85% of ETc, 70 % of ETc and 50% of ETc), respectively. The experiment was laid out in RCBD and replicated four times. The two years combined yield results indicated that, the maximum total yield (20.38 t/ha) was obtained from 100% ETc while minimum yield (12.92 t/ha) was obtained from 50% of ETc deficit irrigation level. The highest WUE 5.22 kg/ha mm-1 was obtained from 50% of ETc. Treatment of 100% ETc irrigation application had highest benefit cost ratio (4.5) than all others treatments. Applying 50% of ETc reduce the yield by 37% when compared to 100 % ETc. Accordingly, to achieve maximum hot pepper yield in areas where water is not scarce, applying 100% ETc irrigation water application level throughout whole growing season under furrow irrigation system is recommended. But, in the study area water scarcity is the major limiting factor for crop production. So, it is possible to get better yield and water productivity of hot pepper when we apply 85% ETc irrigation water throughout growing season under furrow irrigation system.
This document provides a situation analysis and overview of small-scale farming systems in West Kenya based on a rapid assessment conducted by researchers. Key findings include:
- Three main agro-ecological zones exist in the region with differences in climate, crops grown, and farm characteristics.
- Farming practices and challenges vary depending on household resource levels. The poorest households face small farm sizes, food insecurity, and low incomes.
- Female-headed households have fewer resources and face greater challenges than male-headed households on average.
- Grassroots research for development actions are addressing major constraints like striga in maize and soybean rust through on-farm testing of improved practices and technologies.
Climate change, teff and food security in EthiopiaABCIC
This document summarizes a study on the effects of climate change on teff production in Ethiopia and implications for food security. The study found that climate change is predicted to significantly reduce suitable habitat for teff by 2050, lowering production and increasing prices. Interviews with farmers revealed changes in rainfall patterns, higher temperatures and more frequent droughts. The study recommends developing climate-resilient crop varieties and strengthening climate change adaptation policies and agricultural technologies. Building on the results, a similar study of climate change effects on sorghum in Kenya was proposed.
This document provides a summary of a situation analysis of small-scale farming systems in West Kenya. It finds that three major agro-ecological zones exist in the region, with different cropping characteristics and yields. Farming practices differ based on household resource endowment levels. Female-headed households have smaller farms, less income, and greater food insecurity than male-headed households. The analysis informed the design of responsive actions by the WeRATE R4D platform, including technology tests, farmer training, and commercializing legume inoculants.
Similar to Adoption and initial impacts of sustainable land and watershed management practices in the blue nile basin, ethiopia (20)
This document discusses constrained multiplier analysis by relaxing the assumption of unlimited factor resources. It introduces the concept of constraining some sectors' production levels to model resource constraints in agriculture, mining, and government services. The constrained multiplier formula is derived, distinguishing between supply-unconstrained and constrained sectors. A matrix format is used to represent the formula, with the constrained multiplier calculated as the inverse of the identity matrix minus an adjusted coefficient matrix, multiplied by the exogenous components matrix. Readers are directed to a worksheet exercise to calculate constrained multipliers using the mathematical equations and Excel functions.
This document provides an introduction to multiplier analysis using social accounting matrices (SAM). It outlines how economic linkages transmit the effects of exogenous demand shocks through an economy. The direct and indirect effects are explained, with indirect effects including consumption and production linkages. An unconstrained SAM multiplier model is presented, with formulas derived to calculate economy-wide output, income, and sectoral responses to exogenous changes in demand. Exercises are provided to build a multiplier model in Excel and calculate multipliers.
The document provides an introduction to social accounting matrices (SAM) and economywide analysis. It discusses key concepts such as:
- SAMs capture the circular flow of income and expenditures between households, firms, government, and the rest of the world.
- Economywide analysis considers how changes in one sector can impact other sectors through economic linkages.
- A SAM shows payments by columns and receipts by rows to ensure double-entry bookkeeping and macroeconomic consistency.
- Building a SAM requires data from various sources like national accounts and household surveys, which are reconciled using statistical techniques.
Panel on ‘Statistical Data for Policy Decision Making in Ethiopia’, African Statistics Day Workshop organized by the Ethiopian Statistics Service (ESS). 17-Nov-22.
This document discusses sustainable food systems. It defines a food system as encompassing all actors and activities involved in food production, processing, distribution, consumption and disposal. A sustainable food system is one that provides food security and nutrition for current and future generations without compromising economic, social or environmental sustainability. It must be economically viable, socially equitable, and have neutral or positive environmental impacts. The food system is driven by biophysical, demographic, technological, political, economic and socio-cultural factors.
The document summarizes Ethiopia's Productive Safety Net Program (PSNP), a large social protection program that aims to smooth food consumption and protect assets for chronically food insecure communities. Key points:
- The PSNP provides direct transfers and public works projects to build community assets like roads and irrigation. It supports up to 8 million beneficiaries with a budget of $0.5 billion annually.
- Independent evaluations show the PSNP improved household food security and dietary diversity but had little impact on child nutrition outcomes. It did not reduce labor supply or crowd out private transfers.
- While the PSNP enhanced resilience, graduation remains a challenge. Targeting in lowland areas also proved difficult. Ensuring timely payments
Some Welfare Consequences of COVID-19 in Ethiopiaessp2
1) The study examines the impacts of COVID-19 on food marketing margins in Ethiopia using phone surveys of farmers, wholesalers, and retailers conducted in February 2020 and May 2020.
2) The surveys found that over 50% of farmers reported receiving less income in May compared to usual times, though most planned to continue vegetable production. Wholesalers reported decreased transport options and client numbers but stable or lower costs, while most retailers saw lower client numbers but stable or lower costs and losses.
3) Retail prices for the main vegetables remained quite stable between February and May, suggesting marketing margins absorbed most impacts of COVID-19 disruptions on vegetable supply chains in Ethiopia during the
Improving evidence for better policy making in Ethiopia’s livestock sector essp2
1. The document discusses Ethiopia's evolving livestock sector and improving evidence for better policy making.
2. While livestock contributed little to GDP growth, there is considerable potential for growth given Ethiopia's large livestock populations and rising demand for animal-sourced foods.
3. Factors like education, household size, extension services, and herd size are positively associated with adoption of improved practices and inputs like vaccination and cross-breeding.
The COVID-19 Pandemic and Food Security in Ethiopia – An Interim Analysisessp2
This document summarizes the potential impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on food security in Ethiopia. It finds that the pandemic is likely to have large short-term negative economic effects through impacts on exports, imports, remittances and domestic lockdown measures. This will reduce GDP, household incomes, employment and agricultural market functioning. Many households are already experiencing income losses, higher food prices and shifts away from nutritious foods. Recommendations include continuing the government's response, addressing misinformation, expanding social safety nets and implementing selective lockdowns.
COVID-19 and its impact on Ethiopia’s agri-food system, food security, and nu...essp2
The document summarizes the effects of COVID-19 on agricultural value chains in Ethiopia. It discusses how measures taken to prevent spread of the virus, such as closing land borders and restricting movement between regional states, have reduced economic activity. It then outlines an assessment of local rural-urban value chains to understand how the pandemic is impacting farmers' incomes, market access, and food security. The assessment will focus on commodities like potatoes, onions, and tomatoes that rely on transportation between rural and urban areas. Recommendations will be made on how to minimize disruptions to the agricultural sector during this crisis.
This short document does not contain any clear topics, details, or essential information to summarize in 3 sentences or less. It only includes line numbers without any accompanying text.
AFFORDABILITY OF Nutritious foods IN ETHIOPIAessp2
This document summarizes research on the affordability of nutritious diets in Ethiopia. It finds that between 2001 and 2017, the cost of the least expensive diet providing adequate calories and nutrients for an adult woman increased 67% from $0.91 to $1.52. While real prices of some staple foods have decreased in recent years, prices of nutrient-rich foods like dairy, eggs, and meat have increased substantially. However, overall affordability has improved due to rising incomes. Still, ensuring adequate supply of nutritious foods is important to keep their prices low.
The EAT Lancet Publication: Implications for Nutrition Health and Planetessp2
The document discusses a publication by the EAT-Lancet Commission that aimed to define global scientific targets for healthy diets from sustainable food systems. It established a reference diet of 2500 calories per day consisting of vegetables, fruits, whole grains, plant proteins, unsaturated fats, and limited red meat and sugar. Current diets vary widely from this target. The commission also set planetary boundaries related to greenhouse gas emissions, land and water use, and nutrient flows to define a safe operating space for food production. Global modeling was used to identify combinations of measures needed to meet dietary targets sustainably by 2050, such as shifting diets, reducing food waste, and improving agricultural practices.
Sustainable Undernutrition Reduction in Ethiopia (SURE): Evaluation studies essp2
The SURE program is a government-led multisectoral intervention in Ethiopia that aims to reduce undernutrition through a package of interventions like joint household visits, cooking demonstrations, and media campaigns. Evaluation studies of SURE used a quasi-experimental design and found that children's dietary diversity is positively associated with reduced stunting, and that household production of fruits and vegetables was linked to increased child dietary diversity and reduced stunting. However, the studies also found variability in the delivery of nutrition messages across households and limited awareness of nutrition guidelines among local officials.
Policies and Programs on food and Nutrition in Ethiopiaessp2
This document outlines policies and programs on food and nutrition in Ethiopia. It discusses nutrition-specific and nutrition-sensitive interventions, and the pathways through which nutrition-sensitive interventions can affect diet and food systems. It then provides an overview of Ethiopia's policy landscape on food and nutrition, outlining various strategies and policies that aim to improve nutrition, including the Food, Nutrition and Policy, Agriculture Growth Program Phase II, Productive Safety Net Program, and National Nutrition Program. The document concludes that Ethiopia has a favorable policy environment for improving diets and nutrition, but effective implementation, coordination, evidence-based scaling up of interventions, and strong monitoring and evaluation are still needed.
1) Access to nutritious foods is challenging for many households in Ethiopia, especially low-income households, due to high costs and an inability to afford animal-source proteins, zinc, iron, and other micronutrients that are critical for young children's development.
2) A study found that households in Ethiopia spend around 25,000 birr per year on food, with 14,535 birr from purchases and 11,000 birr from own production, but still struggle to meet half of nutritional requirements for children under two.
3) Factors like religious fasting practices and lack of separate feeding plates for children can negatively impact children's diet diversity in Ethiopia. Increased investment in small and
Kaleab Baye presented on diets and stunting in Ethiopia. Stunting rates have declined overall but inequalities persist, with the lowest wealth quintile having the highest rates. Complementary foods in Ethiopia are often low in quantity, diversity, and quality. Improving maternal and child nutrition requires interventions across food systems to increase availability, accessibility, and affordability of nutrient-dense foods as well as improving caregiver feeding practices and maternal health. Comprehensive measures are needed to assess diet quality and reduce consumption of unhealthy foods and risks to food safety.
This document discusses the linkages between irrigation and nutrition in Ethiopia. It notes that Ethiopia's Food and Nutrition Policy and Nutrition Sensitive Agricultural Strategy recognize the role of irrigation in improving nutritional outcomes. There are several pathways through which irrigation can impact nutrition, such as increasing food production, household income, access to water, and women's empowerment. Studies show that children and women in irrigating households in Ethiopia have better dietary diversity and nutrient intake, as well as reduced stunting and wasting, compared to non-irrigating households. Therefore, promoting irrigation can help improve nutrition in addition to increasing income and agricultural yields.
How Barcodes Can Be Leveraged Within Odoo 17Celine George
In this presentation, we will explore how barcodes can be leveraged within Odoo 17 to streamline our manufacturing processes. We will cover the configuration steps, how to utilize barcodes in different manufacturing scenarios, and the overall benefits of implementing this technology.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
إضغ بين إيديكم من أقوى الملازم التي صممتها
ملزمة تشريح الجهاز الهيكلي (نظري 3)
💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀
تتميز هذهِ الملزمة بعِدة مُميزات :
1- مُترجمة ترجمة تُناسب جميع المستويات
2- تحتوي على 78 رسم توضيحي لكل كلمة موجودة بالملزمة (لكل كلمة !!!!)
#فهم_ماكو_درخ
3- دقة الكتابة والصور عالية جداً جداً جداً
4- هُنالك بعض المعلومات تم توضيحها بشكل تفصيلي جداً (تُعتبر لدى الطالب أو الطالبة بإنها معلومات مُبهمة ومع ذلك تم توضيح هذهِ المعلومات المُبهمة بشكل تفصيلي جداً
5- الملزمة تشرح نفسها ب نفسها بس تكلك تعال اقراني
6- تحتوي الملزمة في اول سلايد على خارطة تتضمن جميع تفرُعات معلومات الجهاز الهيكلي المذكورة في هذهِ الملزمة
واخيراً هذهِ الملزمة حلالٌ عليكم وإتمنى منكم إن تدعولي بالخير والصحة والعافية فقط
كل التوفيق زملائي وزميلاتي ، زميلكم محمد الذهبي 💊💊
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
Juneteenth Freedom Day 2024 David Douglas School District
Adoption and initial impacts of sustainable land and watershed management practices in the blue nile basin, ethiopia
1. Adoption and Initial Impacts of Sustainable Land and Watershed Management Practices in the Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia Research Strategy and Initial Findings Emily Schmidt (IFPRI) Fanaye Tadesse (IFPRI) Kibrom Tafere (EDRI) IFPRI – ESSP2 Brown Bag Series December 15 th , 2010
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Survey Sample SLM (World Bank and GTZ Sites) IWMI Nile BDC Sites Total Sample Woreda Ongoing SLM Program GTZ Planned SLM Program No Past or Planned Program Upstream Downstream Alefa 80 79 41 0 0 200 Fogera 0 0 1 160 44 205 Misrak Estie 80 80 39 0 0 199 Gozamin 80 80 40 0 0 200 Dega Damot 142 14 44 0 0 200 Mene Sibu 80 80 40 0 0 200 Diga 0 0 0 51 149 200 Jeldu 0 0 0 100 101 201 Toko Kutaye 83 80 42 0 0 205 Total 545 413 247 311 294 1,810
12. Households Using SLM on Private Land Ongoing SLM activities Yes No Total Alefa 50% 50% 100% Fogera 54% 46% 100% Misrak Estie 54% 46% 100% Gozamin 21% 79% 100% Dega Damot 82% 18% 100% Mene Sibu 7% 93% 100% Diga 32% 68% 100% Jeldu 2% 98% 100% Toko Kutaye 79% 21% 100% Total 40% 60% 100%
13. Number of households reporting activities implemented in the village Ongoing SLM activities (2)
14. Households who received assistance by type of support Ongoing SLM activities (3) Type of support Freq Percent. Advice on how to construct bunds or terraces for soil conservation 1,107 61% Advice on when to apply fertilizer 1,092 60% Advice on how to apply fertilizer 1,086 60% Advice on how to build drainage to reduce erosion 1,085 60% Assistance in obtaining fertilizer 1,031 57% Advice on the best time to plant crops 947 52% Assistance in obtaining improved seeds 920 51% Suggest new crops to grow 913 50% Advise on procurement of livestock vaccines 783 43% Advice or support of other veterinary services, including medicines 740 41% Advice on the construction of irrigation or water harvesting systems 705 39% Advice on how best to deal with insect infestations 689 38%
15. Households' perception of most important infrastructure built by public works or community organized programs Perception of SLM activities Most important 2nd Most important 3rd Most important Freq Percent Freq Percent Freq Percent school 410 29.67 90 9.94 32 5.87 stone terrace 275 19.9 89 9.83 50 9.17 soil bund 137 9.91 149 16.46 45 8.26 check dam 104 7.53 50 5.52 30 5.5 access road 94 6.8 73 8.07 73 13.39 health post 82 5.93 77 8.51 18 3.3 trees planted 80 5.79 105 11.6 137 25.14 gully rehabilitation 60 4.34 18 1.99 12 2.2 pipe water 31 2.24 18 1.99 12 2.2
16. Households’ Response on Most Important type of Infrastructure Built (Number of Households) Perception of SLM activities (2)
17. Households' response on most Successful Sustainable Land Management activities (%) Perception of SLM activities (3)
19. Average number of years the information providers said the households would have to wait to experience a benefit from program Perception of SLM activities (5) Woreda Construction of bunds or terraces Building drainage Irrigation/water harvesting system Alefa 2.38 2.10 1.29 Fogera 2.12 2.33 1.38 Misrak Estie 1.59 1.35 1.23 Gozamin 1.70 1.38 1.17 Dega Damot 2.12 1.72 1.60 Mene Sibu 1.74 1.47 1.56 Diga 1.17 1.80 1.14 Jeldu 1.50 1.50 2.00 Toko Kutaye 3.98 3.80 1.33
Why were the richest sites not using SLM? Initial analysis – income doesn’t correlate with SLM, so wanted to look at this. Mean total expenditure (column 4 varies by site). Think of sources of income: do farmers have larger farm size, higher value of agricultural production, or higher non-agricultural production. So, lets look at production – substantial variation in production: Fogera and Jeldu has very high value of production – Fogera – lot of teff and fairly large farms, and so mean value of production is very high, and the mean value is quite a bit higher than the expenditure value that we have. Possibly unusually good harvest, and invested. Diga also high incomes – it has very large farms – largest farms in sample and growing a lot of maize. Ag incomes are very high relative to expenditures. (bumper harvest?) Further cleaning on yield data which not showing here. Misrak Estie and Dega Damot – same agro-ecological zone, rather small farm sizes and rather large shares of non-farm income.
This is an important slide!
Percentage of all households? Can we get percentage of households who actually implemented these activities?
Explain that dummies have been included for sites (fixed effects)
What is average farm size; what percentage of sample has farm sizes greater than 2.6 hectares?
I thought the instrumenting equation could use other exogenous variables that are included in the main regression.
Add slide that gives mean values and number of observations of variables