- The document discusses experiences with the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) in Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh in India, which have seen food deficits. SRI practices including young seedlings, wider spacing, single seedlings, and organic matter addition have led to increased rice yields.
- SRI principles were adapted for other crops like wheat, finger millet, and kidney beans. Trials showed yield increases of over 60% on average compared to conventional practices. SRI was expanded to cover over 13,000 farmers and 551 hectares during drought conditions in 2009.
Presenter: S.P. Singh, R.M. Kumar, B. Sreedevi, P. Krishnamurthy, and S.V. Subbaiah
Audience: 2nd National SRI Symposium, Agartala, India
Subject Country: India
Effects of crop establishment methods and irrigation schedules on productivit...fatehsekhon
Rice is the staple food for more than half of the global population. In India, it is grown on an area of about 43.97 m ha with total production and productivity of about 104.32 mt and 2.37 t/ha respectively (Anonymous 2013). In Punjab, it occupied an area of 2.82 m ha with production and productivity of 10.54 mt and 3.74 t/ha respectively and in Haryana, it was grown on an area of 1.24 m ha with production and productivity of 3.76 mt and 3.02 t/ha respectively (Anonymous 2013).
The most common practice for establishing rice in rice wheat system of indo-gangatic plains region is puddling before transplanting. Alternative to traditional method direct seeding may be adopted because it does not require that heavy amount of labour, water and capital input initially and also crop mature earlier (7-10 days) than transplanted crop allowing timely sowing of succeeding wheat crop. Recent research suggests that new methods of rice establishment, viz zero till rice, bed planting and SRI has potential to reduce cost and increase sustainability of irrigated rice culture while maintaining yield.
Irrigation plays a pivotal role in increasing productivity of rice. The efficiency and productivity of irrigation water is quite low owing to percolation losses and high water requirement. There is an urgent need to save water and increase its efficiency in rice production. Various agronomic practice like proper land levelling, proper transplanting time, selection of suitable variety and increasing interval between successive irrigation can play a lead role in water saving and to obtain sustainable yield of the crop. The sustainability of rice production in north-west India is threatened by scarcity of water. So there is need to increase water use efficiency in rice production.
Gangwar and Singh (2010) resulted that among different crop establishment methods, highest yield and yield attributing characters of rice was obtained with drum seeding wet bed method. Gill et al (2006) revealed that dry matter accumulation, leaf area index, effective tillers and grain yield were significantly more in direct seeding than transplanted rice. Water productivity in direct seeded rice was higher as compared to transplanted rice clearly showing the more water use efficiency in DSR. Jagtap et al (2013) concluded that the crop established by transplanting recorded significantly higher growth as well as yield attributes resulting in to significantly more grain and straw yield. Grain yield found to be highest in Japanese manual transplanted rice followed by dry drilling (30 kg/ha), dry drilling (15 kg/ha) and drum seeding (Dixit et al 2010). Singh et al (2005) found that mechanical transplanting of rice resulted in highest grain and straw yield which was at par with manual transplanting but significantly higher than both direct seeding methods.
System of rice intensification status, issues and future research strategiesAshutosh Pal
System of Rice Intensification (SRI) is a methodology for increasing rice yields through changes in management practices such as transplanting younger seedlings in a wide spacing, reducing plant populations, incorporating organic materials, and modifying water management through intermittent irrigation. Studies at the Central Rice Research Institute in Cuttack, India found SRI methods increased yields by 21-24% compared to local recommended practices, through improvements in number of tillers, panicle length, and spikelet fertility. SRI also used fewer seeds, less water, and less chemical inputs but produced higher yields through improved root growth and plant vigor. Further research focused on optimizing variables like seedling age, crop density, and water regimes to maximize the benefits
The document summarizes research on the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) management practices and their individual and combined effects on rice productivity in Tamil Nadu, India. Studies found that individual SRI components like young seedlings, reduced plant spacing, and intermittent irrigation increased yields by 17-29% compared to conventional practices. The synergistic effect of all SRI components together increased yields by 46-51%. SRI also improved grain quality, nutrient uptake, and factor productivity of inputs like water, fertilizer and labor. For wider adoption, the document recommends strengthening nursery practices, mechanizing weeding, and increasing awareness of nutrient management.
Presenter: Debashish Sen, S.P. Chaturvedi, Hiralal Bharti, and Rajendra Bansal
Audience: 2nd National SRI Symposium, Agartala, India
Subject Country: Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh, India
1. The document discusses promoting the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) method of cultivation among marginal farmers in Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh in India. SRI has led to increased yields compared to conventional methods, with average increases of 50-75% reported.
2. Key aspects of SRI include transplanting younger seedlings in a spaced manner, keeping the soil moist but not continuously flooded, and use of organic compost. Workshops and demonstrations were held to train over 600 farmers in SRI.
3. Data from trial plots showed SRI yields of 50-75 quintals per hectare compared to 30-40 quintals for conventional methods. SRI also reduces costs
- The document discusses experiences with the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) in Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh in India, which have seen food deficits. SRI practices including young seedlings, wider spacing, single seedlings, and organic matter addition have led to increased rice yields.
- SRI principles were adapted for other crops like wheat, finger millet, and kidney beans. Trials showed yield increases of over 60% on average compared to conventional practices. SRI was expanded to cover over 13,000 farmers and 551 hectares during drought conditions in 2009.
Presenter: S.P. Singh, R.M. Kumar, B. Sreedevi, P. Krishnamurthy, and S.V. Subbaiah
Audience: 2nd National SRI Symposium, Agartala, India
Subject Country: India
Effects of crop establishment methods and irrigation schedules on productivit...fatehsekhon
Rice is the staple food for more than half of the global population. In India, it is grown on an area of about 43.97 m ha with total production and productivity of about 104.32 mt and 2.37 t/ha respectively (Anonymous 2013). In Punjab, it occupied an area of 2.82 m ha with production and productivity of 10.54 mt and 3.74 t/ha respectively and in Haryana, it was grown on an area of 1.24 m ha with production and productivity of 3.76 mt and 3.02 t/ha respectively (Anonymous 2013).
The most common practice for establishing rice in rice wheat system of indo-gangatic plains region is puddling before transplanting. Alternative to traditional method direct seeding may be adopted because it does not require that heavy amount of labour, water and capital input initially and also crop mature earlier (7-10 days) than transplanted crop allowing timely sowing of succeeding wheat crop. Recent research suggests that new methods of rice establishment, viz zero till rice, bed planting and SRI has potential to reduce cost and increase sustainability of irrigated rice culture while maintaining yield.
Irrigation plays a pivotal role in increasing productivity of rice. The efficiency and productivity of irrigation water is quite low owing to percolation losses and high water requirement. There is an urgent need to save water and increase its efficiency in rice production. Various agronomic practice like proper land levelling, proper transplanting time, selection of suitable variety and increasing interval between successive irrigation can play a lead role in water saving and to obtain sustainable yield of the crop. The sustainability of rice production in north-west India is threatened by scarcity of water. So there is need to increase water use efficiency in rice production.
Gangwar and Singh (2010) resulted that among different crop establishment methods, highest yield and yield attributing characters of rice was obtained with drum seeding wet bed method. Gill et al (2006) revealed that dry matter accumulation, leaf area index, effective tillers and grain yield were significantly more in direct seeding than transplanted rice. Water productivity in direct seeded rice was higher as compared to transplanted rice clearly showing the more water use efficiency in DSR. Jagtap et al (2013) concluded that the crop established by transplanting recorded significantly higher growth as well as yield attributes resulting in to significantly more grain and straw yield. Grain yield found to be highest in Japanese manual transplanted rice followed by dry drilling (30 kg/ha), dry drilling (15 kg/ha) and drum seeding (Dixit et al 2010). Singh et al (2005) found that mechanical transplanting of rice resulted in highest grain and straw yield which was at par with manual transplanting but significantly higher than both direct seeding methods.
System of rice intensification status, issues and future research strategiesAshutosh Pal
System of Rice Intensification (SRI) is a methodology for increasing rice yields through changes in management practices such as transplanting younger seedlings in a wide spacing, reducing plant populations, incorporating organic materials, and modifying water management through intermittent irrigation. Studies at the Central Rice Research Institute in Cuttack, India found SRI methods increased yields by 21-24% compared to local recommended practices, through improvements in number of tillers, panicle length, and spikelet fertility. SRI also used fewer seeds, less water, and less chemical inputs but produced higher yields through improved root growth and plant vigor. Further research focused on optimizing variables like seedling age, crop density, and water regimes to maximize the benefits
The document summarizes research on the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) management practices and their individual and combined effects on rice productivity in Tamil Nadu, India. Studies found that individual SRI components like young seedlings, reduced plant spacing, and intermittent irrigation increased yields by 17-29% compared to conventional practices. The synergistic effect of all SRI components together increased yields by 46-51%. SRI also improved grain quality, nutrient uptake, and factor productivity of inputs like water, fertilizer and labor. For wider adoption, the document recommends strengthening nursery practices, mechanizing weeding, and increasing awareness of nutrient management.
Presenter: Debashish Sen, S.P. Chaturvedi, Hiralal Bharti, and Rajendra Bansal
Audience: 2nd National SRI Symposium, Agartala, India
Subject Country: Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh, India
1. The document discusses promoting the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) method of cultivation among marginal farmers in Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh in India. SRI has led to increased yields compared to conventional methods, with average increases of 50-75% reported.
2. Key aspects of SRI include transplanting younger seedlings in a spaced manner, keeping the soil moist but not continuously flooded, and use of organic compost. Workshops and demonstrations were held to train over 600 farmers in SRI.
3. Data from trial plots showed SRI yields of 50-75 quintals per hectare compared to 30-40 quintals for conventional methods. SRI also reduces costs
Comparative performance of rice establishment methods in north central platea...Ashutosh Pal
The document summarizes a study on the comparative performance of different rice establishment methods and nutrient management practices in Orissa, India. It finds that the system of rice intensification (SRI) method produced the highest grain yield (6655 kg/ha), 18-26% more than other methods. Integrated nutrient management also led to higher yields than chemical or organic fertilizers alone. The most suitable combination was found to be SRI establishment with integrated nutrient management, providing the maximum yield and profits. Future research opportunities are identified around evaluating other organic nutrient sources and direct seeding methods within the SRI system.
This document summarizes a study on the heritability estimates of production traits in bread wheat lines under rainfed conditions. The objectives were to identify high-yielding lines, estimate heritability and genetic advance for traits, and determine trait correlations. 36 wheat genotypes were evaluated over two seasons. Significant genotype variation was found for most traits. Grain yield showed positive correlations with tillers, plant height, spike length and biological yield. Genotypes G5, G9, G11 and G34 had the highest yields and are recommended for further testing. Heritability estimates ranged from 17-71% for traits.
Cash crop based intercropping: A step towards doubling farm incomeAshish Patel
This document summarizes research on intercropping sugarcane with other crops. It includes 7 tables that show intercropping sugarcane increased its yield, land equivalent ratio, and economic returns compared to sole sugarcane. Intercropping sugarcane with maize, vegetables, and pulses improved soil fertility. Studies found the highest cane yields and profits with sugarcane intercropped with vegetables like tomato and French beans. Intercropping sugarcane with cabbage or cauliflower also increased cane equivalent yield and net returns over sole sugarcane cultivation.
Impact of nutrient management practices on feasibility of organic farmingAshish Patel
This document discusses organic farming in India. It notes that while conventional farming led to increased crop production in the late 20th century through chemicals and technology, this has negatively impacted soil, water and human health. Organic farming is presented as a more sustainable alternative. The document outlines some of the key principles of organic farming such as nutrient management using crop rotation, residues and organic manures. It also discusses the use of biofertilizers and indigenous preparations to enrich soils. Overall trends in organic cultivation in India are presented, showing it is a growing sector but still makes up a small percentage of total agricultural land.
This document discusses resource conserving technologies (RCTs) and conservation agriculture (CA) practices for improving resource use efficiency in agriculture. It provides an overview of challenges facing agriculture such as increasing population pressure, rising costs, and resource degradation. It then summarizes global and Indian rice production systems and scenarios. Conservation agriculture practices like minimum soil disturbance, residue retention, and crop rotation are presented as ways to sustainably intensify agriculture and efficiently manage resources. Specific CA techniques for rice-wheat systems are also outlined, such as laser land leveling, zero-tillage, and raised bed planting.
This document discusses cropping systems models in Uttar Pradesh, India. It outlines the challenges of rice farming in eastern Uttar Pradesh, including irregular monsoons and waterlogging. It then discusses different rice cropping systems for irrigated and upland conditions based on the basic principles of complementing crops, utilizing resources efficiently, and maintaining soil fertility. Finally, it provides examples of different cropping systems for rice, wheat, maize, pulses, sugarcane, and vegetables that could be adopted in Uttar Pradesh based on local conditions and resources.
Title: System of Wheat Intensification - A New Technology for Wheat Intensification Practiced in Kailali Nepal (SWI)
Presenter: Ram B. Khadka, Programme Coordinator, European Union Food Facility, FAYA- Nepal, Dhangadhi, Kailali l
Nematodes can negatively impact rice yields under the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) method. Studies found yield reductions of 8-69% attributed to nematode build-up under aerobic rice cultivation compared to flooded conditions. Controlled irrigation in SRI may be associated with the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola, which can cause yield losses of 21-64%. A field and greenhouse study examined the effects of different irrigation treatments on root galling and nematode populations caused by the root-knot nematode. The results showed greater gall formation and nematode populations under aerobic or saturated conditions compared to alternate flooding.
The document discusses rice production in Fiji. It notes that Fiji imports about 33,720 tons of rice per year, costing $19.55 million on average. Between 2005-2007, the government aimed to increase domestic rice production by 7,500 tons to reduce imports. However, rice's contribution to Fiji's GDP has declined from 25% to 12% and self-sufficiency has declined from 65% to 20%. The document evaluates the performance of SRI, ICM and local recommended practices at a research station, finding higher yield with SRI.
This document summarizes research on using SRI (System of Rice Intensification) methods and other water saving techniques to increase rice yields and water use efficiency in Sichuan, China. Key points include:
- SRI methods increased average rice yields in Sichuan by 20-55% and reduced water use by 25.6% compared to conventional practices.
- Improved SRI techniques for Sichuan include using tray nurseries, transplanting younger seedlings in oblong patterns with triangles, applying herbicides, and using shallow furrows with alternate wetting and drying for water management.
- Adoption of SRI and other water saving methods like dry seedbed nurseries and mul
Sugarcane and potato intercropping can help double farmer incomes in India. The document proposes planting sugarcane in October followed by potato intercropping. This minimizes risk and makes efficient use of resources as potato grows between the widely spaced sugarcane rows. Economic analysis shows sole sugarcane yields Rs. 97,190 income while sugarcane-potato intercropping yields Rs. 263,950, more than doubling income. Intercropping benefits include higher total yields, additional potato income, and efficient land use.
sustainabilty of rice wheat cropping systemRajni Sinha
1) The document discusses challenges facing the rice-wheat cropping system in South Asia, including declining soil health, nutrient deficiencies, climate change impacts, and livelihood issues.
2) It then outlines some opportunities to improve sustainability, such as conservation agriculture practices, crop diversification, and integrated crop and resource management technologies.
3) Field studies found that conservation agriculture practices like zero-tillage, crop residue retention, and diversification with maize or potatoes can increase yields and farmer incomes compared to conventional rice-wheat systems.
This document summarizes a study on maize-potato intercropping in Tigray, Ethiopia. Intercropping was found to increase land productivity and total yields compared to sole cropping. The highest land equivalent ratio of 1.58 was found for the treatment of one row of maize intercropped with two rows of potato, indicating a 58% yield advantage over sole crops. This treatment is recommended as a viable option for smallholders to improve food security and increase income through more efficient use of land. Further research on different locations, seasons, and crop combinations could help optimize the maize-potato intercropping system.
This document summarizes research on establishing rice using conservation agriculture practices in Bangladesh. Key findings include:
1) Trials of non-puddled transplanting of rice seedlings found no significant yield differences compared to conventional puddled transplanting, while reducing labor costs and increasing profits.
2) Direct seeding of rice using a versatile multi-crop planter produced similar or slightly higher yields than transplanting, with significantly higher profits.
3) Over multiple seasons, farmers' perceptions of the benefits of non-puddled rice establishment increased as perceptions of negatives decreased, indicating farmer acceptance was growing over time.
1. The document compares the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) method of paddy cultivation to traditional methods in Gujarat, India. Key differences between the methods include younger seedlings, fewer seedlings per hill, and alternating wet and dry soil conditions in SRI.
2. Preliminary results show SRI yields higher returns - average yield was 3150 kg/ha for SRI and 2005 kg/ha for traditional, with net returns of Rs. 17,909/ha and Rs. 7,036/ha respectively. However, more research is needed to fully evaluate the benefits of SRI.
3. Most farmers currently prefer SRI due to higher yields and returns, but some constraints
Presentation at the Workshop on Crop Production Equipment for the System of Rice Intensification (SRI)
Presenter: Dr. B. J. Pandian: TNAU, India
Title: Development of SRI Transplanter
Date: November 1, 2014
Venue: ACISAI, Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand
Effect of cereal, millet and legume bran supplement on yield and biological e...Dr. siddhant
Different bran, viz., wheat, rice, maize, barley (cereal bran), sorghum (millet bran) pea, gram and pigeon pea (legume bran) were evaluated as supplement @ 10% on dry weight basis of substrate for enhancing yield and biological efficiency of Pleurotus flabellatus. Among the bran used, wheat, rice, sorghum, pea and pigeon pea bran produced significant yield and biological efficiency of mushroom than the control. It was recorded maximum in rice bran (655 g, 131%) followed by wheat bran (615 g, 123%), pea bran (600 g, 120%), pigeon pea bran (595 g, 109%) and sorghum bran (580 g, 116%). Significantly (P=0.05) higher weight/sporocarp was obtained from the barley (12.50 g), pea (13.63 g) and pigeon pea bran (15.42 g) while none of them produced significant no of sporocarp.
1. The System of Rice Intensification (SRI) is a resource-saving, high-yielding rice farming method that can meet the needs of increased land and water productivity, accessibility for poor farmers, environmental friendliness, pest and drought resistance, and profitability for farmers.
2. SRI practices such as young seedlings, wider spacing, and intermittent flooding have been shown to increase yields by 50-100% with 25-50% less water and 10-20% lower costs of production compared to conventional methods across multiple countries.
3. SRI also provides benefits like reduced methane emissions, greater pest and disease resistance, stronger resistance to stresses like lodging and drought, and improved grain quality.
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on the effects of tillage and nutrient management practices on wheat grown after rice. Some key points:
- Wheat is the second most important crop in India after rice, accounting for 31.5% of food grain. Average wheat yield in India is 31.2 q/ha.
- Rice and wheat are the dominant crops in India, occupying 42 and 29.64 million hectares respectively and contributing 75% of food needs.
- Tillage practices like zero tillage, reduced tillage, and bed planting can help save time, costs, and irrigation water compared to conventional tillage. Nutrient management should match application to crop requirements to improve yields and reduce losses.
Comparative performance of rice establishment methods in north central platea...Ashutosh Pal
The document summarizes a study on the comparative performance of different rice establishment methods and nutrient management practices in Orissa, India. It finds that the system of rice intensification (SRI) method produced the highest grain yield (6655 kg/ha), 18-26% more than other methods. Integrated nutrient management also led to higher yields than chemical or organic fertilizers alone. The most suitable combination was found to be SRI establishment with integrated nutrient management, providing the maximum yield and profits. Future research opportunities are identified around evaluating other organic nutrient sources and direct seeding methods within the SRI system.
This document summarizes a study on the heritability estimates of production traits in bread wheat lines under rainfed conditions. The objectives were to identify high-yielding lines, estimate heritability and genetic advance for traits, and determine trait correlations. 36 wheat genotypes were evaluated over two seasons. Significant genotype variation was found for most traits. Grain yield showed positive correlations with tillers, plant height, spike length and biological yield. Genotypes G5, G9, G11 and G34 had the highest yields and are recommended for further testing. Heritability estimates ranged from 17-71% for traits.
Cash crop based intercropping: A step towards doubling farm incomeAshish Patel
This document summarizes research on intercropping sugarcane with other crops. It includes 7 tables that show intercropping sugarcane increased its yield, land equivalent ratio, and economic returns compared to sole sugarcane. Intercropping sugarcane with maize, vegetables, and pulses improved soil fertility. Studies found the highest cane yields and profits with sugarcane intercropped with vegetables like tomato and French beans. Intercropping sugarcane with cabbage or cauliflower also increased cane equivalent yield and net returns over sole sugarcane cultivation.
Impact of nutrient management practices on feasibility of organic farmingAshish Patel
This document discusses organic farming in India. It notes that while conventional farming led to increased crop production in the late 20th century through chemicals and technology, this has negatively impacted soil, water and human health. Organic farming is presented as a more sustainable alternative. The document outlines some of the key principles of organic farming such as nutrient management using crop rotation, residues and organic manures. It also discusses the use of biofertilizers and indigenous preparations to enrich soils. Overall trends in organic cultivation in India are presented, showing it is a growing sector but still makes up a small percentage of total agricultural land.
This document discusses resource conserving technologies (RCTs) and conservation agriculture (CA) practices for improving resource use efficiency in agriculture. It provides an overview of challenges facing agriculture such as increasing population pressure, rising costs, and resource degradation. It then summarizes global and Indian rice production systems and scenarios. Conservation agriculture practices like minimum soil disturbance, residue retention, and crop rotation are presented as ways to sustainably intensify agriculture and efficiently manage resources. Specific CA techniques for rice-wheat systems are also outlined, such as laser land leveling, zero-tillage, and raised bed planting.
This document discusses cropping systems models in Uttar Pradesh, India. It outlines the challenges of rice farming in eastern Uttar Pradesh, including irregular monsoons and waterlogging. It then discusses different rice cropping systems for irrigated and upland conditions based on the basic principles of complementing crops, utilizing resources efficiently, and maintaining soil fertility. Finally, it provides examples of different cropping systems for rice, wheat, maize, pulses, sugarcane, and vegetables that could be adopted in Uttar Pradesh based on local conditions and resources.
Title: System of Wheat Intensification - A New Technology for Wheat Intensification Practiced in Kailali Nepal (SWI)
Presenter: Ram B. Khadka, Programme Coordinator, European Union Food Facility, FAYA- Nepal, Dhangadhi, Kailali l
Nematodes can negatively impact rice yields under the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) method. Studies found yield reductions of 8-69% attributed to nematode build-up under aerobic rice cultivation compared to flooded conditions. Controlled irrigation in SRI may be associated with the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola, which can cause yield losses of 21-64%. A field and greenhouse study examined the effects of different irrigation treatments on root galling and nematode populations caused by the root-knot nematode. The results showed greater gall formation and nematode populations under aerobic or saturated conditions compared to alternate flooding.
The document discusses rice production in Fiji. It notes that Fiji imports about 33,720 tons of rice per year, costing $19.55 million on average. Between 2005-2007, the government aimed to increase domestic rice production by 7,500 tons to reduce imports. However, rice's contribution to Fiji's GDP has declined from 25% to 12% and self-sufficiency has declined from 65% to 20%. The document evaluates the performance of SRI, ICM and local recommended practices at a research station, finding higher yield with SRI.
This document summarizes research on using SRI (System of Rice Intensification) methods and other water saving techniques to increase rice yields and water use efficiency in Sichuan, China. Key points include:
- SRI methods increased average rice yields in Sichuan by 20-55% and reduced water use by 25.6% compared to conventional practices.
- Improved SRI techniques for Sichuan include using tray nurseries, transplanting younger seedlings in oblong patterns with triangles, applying herbicides, and using shallow furrows with alternate wetting and drying for water management.
- Adoption of SRI and other water saving methods like dry seedbed nurseries and mul
Sugarcane and potato intercropping can help double farmer incomes in India. The document proposes planting sugarcane in October followed by potato intercropping. This minimizes risk and makes efficient use of resources as potato grows between the widely spaced sugarcane rows. Economic analysis shows sole sugarcane yields Rs. 97,190 income while sugarcane-potato intercropping yields Rs. 263,950, more than doubling income. Intercropping benefits include higher total yields, additional potato income, and efficient land use.
sustainabilty of rice wheat cropping systemRajni Sinha
1) The document discusses challenges facing the rice-wheat cropping system in South Asia, including declining soil health, nutrient deficiencies, climate change impacts, and livelihood issues.
2) It then outlines some opportunities to improve sustainability, such as conservation agriculture practices, crop diversification, and integrated crop and resource management technologies.
3) Field studies found that conservation agriculture practices like zero-tillage, crop residue retention, and diversification with maize or potatoes can increase yields and farmer incomes compared to conventional rice-wheat systems.
This document summarizes a study on maize-potato intercropping in Tigray, Ethiopia. Intercropping was found to increase land productivity and total yields compared to sole cropping. The highest land equivalent ratio of 1.58 was found for the treatment of one row of maize intercropped with two rows of potato, indicating a 58% yield advantage over sole crops. This treatment is recommended as a viable option for smallholders to improve food security and increase income through more efficient use of land. Further research on different locations, seasons, and crop combinations could help optimize the maize-potato intercropping system.
This document summarizes research on establishing rice using conservation agriculture practices in Bangladesh. Key findings include:
1) Trials of non-puddled transplanting of rice seedlings found no significant yield differences compared to conventional puddled transplanting, while reducing labor costs and increasing profits.
2) Direct seeding of rice using a versatile multi-crop planter produced similar or slightly higher yields than transplanting, with significantly higher profits.
3) Over multiple seasons, farmers' perceptions of the benefits of non-puddled rice establishment increased as perceptions of negatives decreased, indicating farmer acceptance was growing over time.
1. The document compares the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) method of paddy cultivation to traditional methods in Gujarat, India. Key differences between the methods include younger seedlings, fewer seedlings per hill, and alternating wet and dry soil conditions in SRI.
2. Preliminary results show SRI yields higher returns - average yield was 3150 kg/ha for SRI and 2005 kg/ha for traditional, with net returns of Rs. 17,909/ha and Rs. 7,036/ha respectively. However, more research is needed to fully evaluate the benefits of SRI.
3. Most farmers currently prefer SRI due to higher yields and returns, but some constraints
Presentation at the Workshop on Crop Production Equipment for the System of Rice Intensification (SRI)
Presenter: Dr. B. J. Pandian: TNAU, India
Title: Development of SRI Transplanter
Date: November 1, 2014
Venue: ACISAI, Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand
Effect of cereal, millet and legume bran supplement on yield and biological e...Dr. siddhant
Different bran, viz., wheat, rice, maize, barley (cereal bran), sorghum (millet bran) pea, gram and pigeon pea (legume bran) were evaluated as supplement @ 10% on dry weight basis of substrate for enhancing yield and biological efficiency of Pleurotus flabellatus. Among the bran used, wheat, rice, sorghum, pea and pigeon pea bran produced significant yield and biological efficiency of mushroom than the control. It was recorded maximum in rice bran (655 g, 131%) followed by wheat bran (615 g, 123%), pea bran (600 g, 120%), pigeon pea bran (595 g, 109%) and sorghum bran (580 g, 116%). Significantly (P=0.05) higher weight/sporocarp was obtained from the barley (12.50 g), pea (13.63 g) and pigeon pea bran (15.42 g) while none of them produced significant no of sporocarp.
1. The System of Rice Intensification (SRI) is a resource-saving, high-yielding rice farming method that can meet the needs of increased land and water productivity, accessibility for poor farmers, environmental friendliness, pest and drought resistance, and profitability for farmers.
2. SRI practices such as young seedlings, wider spacing, and intermittent flooding have been shown to increase yields by 50-100% with 25-50% less water and 10-20% lower costs of production compared to conventional methods across multiple countries.
3. SRI also provides benefits like reduced methane emissions, greater pest and disease resistance, stronger resistance to stresses like lodging and drought, and improved grain quality.
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on the effects of tillage and nutrient management practices on wheat grown after rice. Some key points:
- Wheat is the second most important crop in India after rice, accounting for 31.5% of food grain. Average wheat yield in India is 31.2 q/ha.
- Rice and wheat are the dominant crops in India, occupying 42 and 29.64 million hectares respectively and contributing 75% of food needs.
- Tillage practices like zero tillage, reduced tillage, and bed planting can help save time, costs, and irrigation water compared to conventional tillage. Nutrient management should match application to crop requirements to improve yields and reduce losses.
Institute: People's Science Institute, Dehradun
Audience: 3rd National SRI Symposium,
TNAU, Coimbatore, India
Subject Country: Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand, India
Long term effects of soil tillage systems and crop sequence on irrigated whea...mohammad reza mehrvar
In the presented oral paper on long-term effects of Conservation Agriculture in irrigated production environments, the positive synergies as a result of adoption suitable managed approaches for holistic cropping systems can be observed.
Presenter: T.M. Thiyagarajan
Institution: Agricultural College & Research Institute Killikulam, Vallanadu 628 252 Tamil Nadu
Presented at: World Rice Research Conference, Tsukuba, Japan
Subject Country: Tamil Nadu, India
1. The document discusses the status of rice production in China and the principles and practices of the System of Rice Intensification (SRI).
2. SRI involves practices like younger seedlings, lower planting density, and intermittent irrigation which can save water and labor while increasing yields.
3. SRI has been adapted to new rice varieties in China and shown to increase transplanting efficiency, save water, and increase profits compared to traditional practices.
CMS Source
1. Cajanus scarabaeoides
2. Cajanus cajanifolius
3. Cajanus platycarpus
4. Cajanus lineatus
5. Cajanus sericeus
This document provides an overview of hybrid pigeonpea seed production technology and its validation on farms. It discusses the major components of hybrid technology including male sterility systems, stable fertility restoration, and cost-effective mass pollination methods. It also summarizes key commercial hybrids released in India, their traits, and yield advantages over traditional varieties. The document concludes that hybrid seed production is profitable but requires validation
Variability and Association of Yield and Yield Component Traits of Durum Whea...Premier Publishers
Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) is a member of the Poaceae family. It is tetraploid (genomes of AABB) with 28 chromosomes (2n = 4x = 28). The use of poor yielder local durum wheat genotypes was the major critical problem of durum wheat production in Ethiopia. The present study was specifically, to evaluate genetic variations of Ethiopian advanced durum wheat lines; to investigate the important yield component traits of durum wheat; to determine the magnitude of association between yield and yield component of traits and to identify promising candidate genotypes to be used in future durum wheat breeding programmes. The study was carried out on 81 genotypes and the experiment was laid out in a triple lattice design with total of 243 experimental units. The analysis of variance showed highly significant variation among the genotypes for all traits. Most traits, have showed higher PCV and GCV values (>10%) except days to maturity. Broad sense heritability (H^2) was ranged from 57.9% to 89.7%. Future research on durum wheat crop should give emphasis on quality parameter specially required standard for pasta and Makoroni requirement of the industry demand.:
This document discusses addressing food security in the Western Himalayan region of India through the System of Crop Intensification (SCI). SCI is based on the principles of SRI for rice but adapted for other crops. Initial trials from 2006-2008 saw yield increases of over 60% for wheat, finger millet, and kidney beans compared to conventional practices. Further trials from 2009-2010 expanded SCI to additional crops like maize, black gram, and soybean, also achieving average yield gains of over 45%. The document outlines the recommended SCI practices and principles as well as results that demonstrate SCI can significantly improve food production and livelihoods in the food deficit states of the region.
This document discusses addressing food security in the Western Himalayan region through promoting the System of Crop Intensification (SCI). It provides background on the region's climate, soils, crops, and food deficit status. SCI principles including transplanting young seedlings, wider spacing, and organic matter addition are described. Trial results from 2006-2010 showed average grain yield increases of over 60% for various crops under SCI compared to conventional practices. The document outlines ongoing research on SCI and presents results of direct seeding and transplanting trials showing higher productivity under SCI. Promoting SCI is presented as a way to enhance food security in the region.
The document summarizes the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) approach to rice cultivation. Key points:
- SRI involves simple techniques like transplanting young seedlings with wide spacing to promote root and plant growth without changing rice varieties or increasing external inputs.
- SRI has been shown to increase yields in over 35 countries through improved soil health and plant growth. Yields increases of 50-100% are common.
- SRI benefits small-scale farmers through higher and more stable yields, lower costs, and greater resilience to stresses like drought or floods.
- The basic SRI ideas of young seedlings, wide spacing, and soil management to promote root and plant growth are now being
This study evaluated the effects of three sowing methods (drilling, broadcasting, and broadcasting in standing water) and three seed rates (125 kg/ha, 150 kg/ha, 175 kg/ha) on the growth and yield of wheat. The experiment was conducted during the 2004-2005 winter season in Quetta, Pakistan using a randomized complete block design with four replications. Results showed that drilling wheat at a seed rate of 150 kg/ha significantly increased various growth and yield parameters compared to other treatments. This treatment led to taller plants, more tillers per plant, more spikes per plant, more grains per spike, higher 1000-grain weight, and greater grain and straw yield per plot. Uniform seed distribution and proper
Effect of Conservation Agriculture with INM Under Rice-Wheat cropping system”SauhardDubey
This document summarizes the results of a study on the effects of conservation agriculture with integrated nutrient management under a rice-wheat cropping system. Key findings from tables in the document are:
1) Systems using zero tillage, crop residue retention, and balanced nutrient sources like farmyard manure had higher wheat yields compared to conventional tillage without residues.
2) For rice, the system of rice intensification (SRI) technique combined with integrated nutrient management using zinc and vermicompost led to increased growth, yield, and harvest index compared to conventional practices.
3) Overall, conservation agriculture practices like zero tillage, crop rotation, and permanent soil cover were found to improve soil properties and
Effect of application of “Grinophyll” on Growth and Yield of RiceAI Publications
The present investigation entitled “effect of application of “Grinophyll” on growth and yield of rice was carried out during kharif season of the year 2021 on the field of ASPEE, Agricultural Research and Development Foundation, Tansa farm, At-Nare, Tal-Wada, Dist- Palghar, Maharashtra. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design. The three treatments (Control, Grinophyll @ 4ml, and Grinophyll @6ml per 15 liters of water) were replicated twice times on four varieties of rice namely Dandi, Gurjari, Jaya, and GAR-13. The plant population per meter square (34.5), plant height (105.9 cm), number of tillers per plant (13.7), number of panicles per plant (13), number of panicles per square meter (442) and length of panicle (25.8 cm) was recorded maximum with application of Grinophyll @ 6 ml /15 liters of water on rice cv. “GAR-13”. The highest number of seeds per panicle (203.5), test weight (34.1 g), grain yield (57.45 q/ha) and straw yield (85.08 q/ha) was found with application of Grinophyll @ 6 ml / 15 liters of water.The data clearly revealed that, the yield obtained with treatment Grinophyll @ 6 ml / 15 liters of water on rice cv. “GAR 13” was significantly higher than all other treatments and also for growth parameters.
- BARI is the largest agricultural research institute in Bangladesh that conducts research on over 100 crops except for rice, sugarcane, jute and cotton.
- It has developed 305 new varieties of crops and 310 other technologies related to production, soil and water management, farm machinery, and post-harvest processing.
- Some of the key varieties developed include high-yielding and disease-resistant varieties of wheat, maize, potato, pulses, oilseeds, vegetables and fruits.
Presented by Sue Edwards, Institute for Sustainable Development
at the National Colloquium on System of Crop Intensification
Held on March 2, 2011 in Patna, Bihar
Presenter: M.C. Diwakar, Director, Directorate of Rice Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperation, Patna
Audience: 2nd National SRI Symposium, Agartala, India
Subject Country: India
This document discusses safflower, including its origin, characteristics, production levels in India, and economic uses. It provides details on:
- India ranks first in area and production of safflower globally, with Maharashtra producing the most.
- Safflower is a drought tolerant crop grown as a rabi season crop for its oil and as a guard crop.
- Tables show optimal yields were obtained with 3 irrigations, at rosette stage, branching, and flowering. Intercropping with chickpeas also improved yields and profits.
- The document outlines nutrient, water, and weed management practices and includes variety recommendations.
Similar to 1163 SCI – A Pathway to Food Security - Experiences from HP and UKD (20)
Authors: Febri Doni and Rizky Riscahya Pratama Syamsuri
Title: System of Rice Intensification in Indonesia: Research adoption and Opportunities
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This document summarizes research on using System of Rice Intensification (SRI) methods in Iraq to increase water savings and rice yields. The research found that using SRI with 3-day or 7-day intervals between irrigation used 50% and 72% less water than continuous submergence, and increased yields by 20% and 11% respectively. SRI with 3-day intervals also had the highest water productivity and net economic return, making it a promising strategy for Iraq's water-deficit conditions. The document recommends wider adoption of SRI through incentives, mechanization support, and collaboration with water user associations.
(Partial slideset related to the System of Rice Intensification (SRI)
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This is a presentation about the SRI activities of the LINKS program, Catalysing Economic Growth for Northern Nigeria, which is implemented by Tetra Tech International Development
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Instituto de Investigaciones Agrícolas del estado Portuguesa: UNEFA-Núcleo Portuguesa Universidad Nacional Experimental Politécnica de la Fuerza Armada
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Title: Sistema Intensivo del Cultivo del Arroz para la Producción y Sustentabilidad del Rubro
Willem A. Stoop presents on ecological intensification lessons learned from the System of Rice Intensification (SRI). He discusses two approaches to intensification - conventional using modern varieties, dense planting, irrigation, and chemicals, and ecological using local varieties, low seeding rates, and organic inputs. SRI is presented as an example of an agro-ecological approach using practices like young seedlings, wide spacing, and alternate wetting and drying of soils. SRI results in increased growth, yields, and resilience through enhanced root and soil biology. However, SRI challenges conventional agricultural sciences' focus on increasing planting densities and fertilizer use over soil health and plant spacing.
Speaker: Norman Uphoff
Title: Agroecological Opportunities with the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) and the System of Crop Intensification (SCI)
Date: June 25, 2021
Venue: online, presented in the International Webinar Series on Agroecology and Community Series
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Al Mishkhab Rice Research Station
Title: System of Rice Intensification SRI
Date: December 9, 2020
Organizer: Central and West Asian Rice Center (CWA Rice)
Venue: online
Author/Presenter: Karla Cordero Lara
Title: Towards a More Sustainable Rice Crop: System of Rice Intensification (SRI) Experience in Chilean Temperate Japonica Rice
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Title: Proyecto IICA - MIDA/ Sistema Intensivo de Arroz (SRI) Evaluación del primer ensayo de validación realizado en coclé para enfrentar al Cambio Climático (alternativa) Localizada en el Sistema de Riego El Caño. Diciembre /2018 - Abril/ 2019 - Octubre/ 2019
Author: Norman Uphoff
Title: Agroecological Management of Soil Systems for Food, Water, Climate Resilience, and Biodiversity
Date: December 6, 2019
Presented at: The Knowledge Dialogue on the Occasion of World Soil Day
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Title: Smallholder Rice Production Practice and Equipment: What about the Women?
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Venue: 2nd Global Sustainable Rice Conference and Exhibition
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Date: October 2, 2019
1. African farmers today are more educated, connected, market-oriented, and aware of issues like climate change than previous generations. They are also more open to new ideas and collective action approaches.
2. Efforts to improve agriculture must consider rural-to-urban migration trends in Africa. While migration is driven by rural challenges, the younger generation remaining in rural areas is more educated and eager for progressive agriculture.
3. Things that should be avoided include mechanization tied to large-scale capital-intensive operations, land grabs, and agricultural models that turn farmers into laborers with no opportunity for management roles. Monoculture and large-scale foreign-owned farming should also be avoided.
Authors: Christopher B. Barrett, Asad Islam, Abdul Malek, Deb Pakrashi, Ummul Ruthbah
Title: The Effects of Exposure Intensity on Technology Adoption and Gains: Experimental Evidence from Bangladesh on the System of Rice Intensification
Date: July 21, 2019
Presented at: USDA Multi-state Research Project NC-1034 annual research conference on
The Economics of Agricultural Technology & Innovation
Location: Atlanta, GA
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1163 SCI – A Pathway to Food Security - Experiences from HP and UKD
1. SCI – A Pathway to Food Security - Experiences from HP and UKD - PEOPLE’S SCIENCE INSTITUTE, DEHRADUN
2.
3. Uttarakhand: Trends in Rice & Wheat Production Source: Department of Agriculture, Uttarakhand, 2009 Total Geographical Area (lakh ha) Total Population (lakh) Average Rainfall (mm) Net Sown Area (lakh ha) Area under Paddy (lakh ha) Total Rice Production (lakh tonnes) Average Yield of Rice (t/ha) Area under Wheat (lakh ha) Total Wheat Production (lakh tonnes) Average Yield of Wheat (t/ha) 53.49 85 1547 7.66 2.76 5.50 1.9 3.92 8.15 2.1
4. Uttarakhand : A Food-Deficit State Source: Uttarakhand at a Glance, 2008
5. Himachal Pradesh: Trends in Rice & Wheat Production Source: Department of Agriculture, HP, 2009 Total Geographical Area (lakh ha) Total Population (lakh) Average Rainfall (mm) Net Sown Area (lakh ha) Area under Paddy (lakh ha) Total Rice Production (lakh tonnes) Average Yield of Rice (t/ha) Area under Wheat (lakh ha) Total Wheat Production (lakh tonnes) Average Yield of Wheat (t/ha) 55.67 60.78 1469 5.60 0.8 1.07 1.34 3.27 5.44 1.66
6. Himachal Pradesh : A Food- Deficit State Source: Statistical Outline of H.P., 2008
7. SRI : Practices and Principles SRI’s package of practices involving sustainable management of plants, soil, water and nutrients resulting in higher production with reduced external inputs could be extrapolated to other crops RECOMMENDED PRACTICES PRINCIPLES 1 Transplanting of young seedlings Utilizing early vigour of young seedlings 2 Wider spacing Reducing competition for light and nutrients 3 Single seedling per hill Reducing external inputs in form of seeds, water, etc 4 Alternate wetting and drying with shallow irrigation Keeping soil from becoming anoxic 5 Inter-cultivation with weeder Promoting healthy root growth 6 Addition of organic matter Increasing soil microbial activity and enhancing soil organic matter
10. Results of Trials on Other Crops (2006-08) The average increase in grain yield was more than 60 per cent 2006 2007 2008 Crop No. of farmers (area in ha) Conv. grain yield (Q/ha) SCI grain yield (Q/ha) (% incr.) No. of farmers (area in ha) Conv. grain yield (Q/ha) SCI grain yield (Q/ha) (% incr.) No. of farmers (area in ha) Conv. grain yield (Q/ha) SCI grain yield (Q/ha) (% incr.) Wheat (I) Research Farm (5.0 Ha) 16 22 (38%) 30 (0.224) 23.5 42.5 (81%) 557 (14.5) 24.4 48 (97%) Wheat (UI) - - - 19 (0.086) 15.5 25 (61%) 491 (6.7) 17.7 32.1 (81%) Mandwa - - - 5 (0.40) 18 24 (33%) 43 (0.80) 15 24 (60%) Rajma - - - 5 (0.40) 14 20 (43%) 113 (2.26) 18 30 (67%)
11.
12. Alterations in SRI Practices in Drought Year Recommended Practices Normal Year Drought Year (2009) Young Seedling 8-12 days 10-25 days Wider Spacing 25 x 25 cm P to P : 15-25cm R to R : 15-20cm Single Seedling / hill 1 / hill 1-3/ hill Alternative Wetting & Drying Not under control Inter-Cultivation 2+ (mechanical weeding) 1+ (mechanical/ manual weeding) Organic Matter PAM PAM
13. Comparative Crop Cutting Results of 2009 The grain yields of conventional crop decreased by 31% as compared to a reduction of only 13% in SRI crops. In the drought year, while non-SRI yields stood close to 25 quintals per ha, the SRI yields were about 48 quintals per ha (an average increase of 92%). S. No. Particulars Normal Year (2006-2008) Drought Year (2009) Conventional SRI Conventional SRI 1 Ave. no. of effective tillers/ plant 7 21 5 18 2 Average plant height (cm) 99 122 88 102 3 Average panicle length (cm) 18 24 19 25 4 Average no. of grains/panicle 93 177 90 174 5 Grain yield (Q/ha) 36 55 25 48 6 Straw yield (Q/ha) 111 145 51 85
14. Adaptations for Other Kharif Crops in Drought Practice Conventional SCI Maize SCI Black Gram SCI Soyabean Young Seedling Direct seed Sowing Direct seed sowing in line Direct seed sowing in line Direct seed sowing in line Spacing Broadcasting P to P : 30/40 cm R to R : 30/40 cm P to P : 25 cm R to R : 30cm P to P : 30 cm R to R : 30 cm Single Seedling/hill - 1-2 seeds/hill 1-2 seeds/ hill 1-2 seeds/hill Inter- Culture 1+ (manual weeding) 3+ (manual weeding) 2+ (manual weeding) 2+ (manual weeding) Organic matter Compost Compost, PAM Compost, PAM Compost, PAM
15. Adaptations for Other Rabi Crops Practice Conventional SCI Mustard SCI Peas SCI Lentil SCI Gram Young Seedling Direct seed Sowing Direct seed sowing in line Direct seed sowing in line Direct seed sowing in line Direct seed sowing in line Spacing Broadcasting R to R : 15/20 cm P to P: 20 cm R to R: 30 cm P to P : 15 cm R to R : 15 cm P to P : 15-20 cm R to R : 30-45 cm Single seedling/hill - 1-2 seed/hill 1-2 seed/ hill 1-2 seed/hill 1-2 seed/hill Inter- culture 1+ (manual weeding) 2+ (manual weeding) 2+ (manual weeding) 2+ (manual weeding) 2+ (manual weeding) Organic matter Compost Compost, PAM Compost, PAM Compost, PAM Compost, PAM
16. Crop Coverage under SCI Management, 2009 -10 Kharif Rabi Name of crop Total farmers Area (in Ha) Name of crop Total farmers Area (in Ha) Maize 183 10.34 Wheat 4,151 84.03 Finger millet ( Mandwa ) 340 8.04 Mustard 68 1.74 Kidney bean ( Rajma ) 679 14.01 Peas 215 3.92 Black gram ( Urad ) 314 2.00 Gram 48 2.68 Soyabean 77 2.47 Lentil 31 1.88 Others 111 5.12 Others 82 1.46 1,704 41.98 4,595 95.71
17. SCI Crop Performance with Coarse Cereals, Kharif 2009 Particulars Finger Millet Maize Conven. SCI Conven. SCI Ave. no. of ears/plant (in maize: cob/plant) 3 5 2 3 Average plant height (cm) 69 87 142 177 Average no. of grains /ear (in maize: corns/cob) 310 493 230 380 Grain yield (T/ha) 1.2 2.2 1.7 2.3 % increase in grain yield - 83 - 35
25. Results of trials on SWI crop performance under direct seed sowing (Dehradun) Maximum grain and straw yield was obtained under 20 cm spacing – line to line and seed Variety: PBW 502 Plot Size: 25 sq.m. T -1 T -2 T-3 T-4 T-5 Parameter Conv. SWI SWI SWI SWI SWI Line distance (cm) 10 15 20 25 20 Plant distance (cm) 10 15 20 25 15 No. of seeds/hill 2 seeds 2 seeds 2 seeds 2 seeds 2 seeds Total no. of productive tillers/hill 5 12 14 20 15 19 Average plant height (cm) 69 76 83 82 74 81 Average ear length (cm) 15 16.7 18.2 20.5 18.6 17.6 Grain yield (Q/ha) 29 43 49 54 33 49 Straw yield (Q/ha) 46 59 66 70 49 65
26. Results of trials conducted on transplanted SWI crop Under transplanted SWI, increases in grain yield of 41 to 87% were obtained Dharamshala Block, Kangra Jhandutta Block, Bilaspur Variety: HS 295 Variety: HS 277 Parameter Conv. SWI-1 SWI -2 SWI-3 Conv. SWI-1 SWI-2 SWI-2 Line distance (cm) 25 x 25 20 x 20 15 x 15 20 x 20 20 x 20 15 x 15 Seed distance (cm) 25 x 25 20 x 20 15 x 15 15 x 15 20 x 20 15 x 15 No. of seed/hill 2 2 2 1 1 1 No. of tillers/plant 2 13 7 5 2 14 12 9 Ave. plant height (cm) 73 85 78 82 73 84 84 84 Ave. ear length (cm) 7.5 11 9 9 11 14.4 12 9 Ave. no .of grain/ear 29 44 35 37 41 58 49 35 Grain yield (Q/ha) 9 13 15 10 30 63 55 50 Straw yield (Q/ha) 16 20 24 16 62 90 75 70
27. Impact of SWI crop on soil nutrient status Nitrogen Phosphorus Organic Carbon Treatment BS AH % Reduction BS AH % Reduction BS AH % Increase Conv. method 3.78 3.39 10 6.76 4.11 39 0.90 1.51 68 10 cm x 10 cm 10 cm x 10 cm 6.33 1.74 73 6.37 3.26 49 1.05 1.85 77 15 cm x 15 cm 15 cm x 15 cm 2.91 2.17 25 6.46 2.89 55 0.74 2.04 175 20 cm x 20 cm 20 cm x 20 cm 4.26 2.75 35 4.73 2.48 47 1.01 1.73 72 25 cm x 25 cm 25 cm x 25 cm 4.40 1.81 59 6.95 3.64 48 1.04 1.66 60 20 cm x 20 cm 15 cm x 15 cm 2.41 1.84 24 6.15 3.79 38 0.91 1.83 102 SWI method 4.06 2.06 49 6.13 3.21 48 0.95 1.82 92
28. Results of SWI trials conducted on inter-cropping with pulses Treatment -1 Treatment -2 Treatment-3 Parameter Wheat (HS 277) + Lentil /Masur (HPL 5) Wheat (HS 277) + Gram (HPG 17) Wheat (HS 277) + Masur (HPL 5) + Gram (HPG 17) Line distance (cm) 25 x 25 25 x 25 25 x 25 Crop production Wheat – 18.3 Q/ha Wheat - 18.7 Q/ha Wheat – 9.5 Q/ha Crop production Masur – 12.3 Q/ha Gram - 23.3 Q/ha Masur – 3 Q/ha Crop production Gram – 7.5 Q/ha
29. Results of trials on maize with different spacing (cm) Results of trials on maize with different no. of seeds Parameters Average plant height (cm) Average grains/cob Average cob length (cm) Grain yield (T/Ha) 50-50 X 50-05 (T-1) 185 322 25 5.7 40-40 X 40-40 (T-2) 192 356 29 6.5 30-30 X 30-30 (T-3) 187 297 23 5.8 Line sowing ( T-4) 193 255 20 4.8 Farmers’ practice (T-5) 155 191 17 2.3 Note: Line to line distance = 30 cm Parameters Average plant height (cm) Average grains/cob Average cob length (cm) Grain yield (T/Ha) One seed (T-1) 227 341 28 6.1 Two seed (T-2) 188 309 25 5.3 Farmers' practice (T-3) 171 215 20 2.8 Note: Line to line distance = 40 cm , Plant to plant distance = 40 cm
30. Cost:Benefit Analysis for SCI Crops vs. Conventional Method of Cultivation B:C ratio is more than 2:1 for most SCI crops Method Conventional SCI Total Expen-diture (Rs./ha) Gross Income (Rs./ha) Net Profit (Rs./ha) C-B Ratio Total Expen-diture (Rs./ha) Gross Income (Rs./ha) Net Profit (Rs./ha) C-B Ratio Direct seed sowing (wheat) 22,720 30,600 7,880 1:1.3 25,850 51,600 25,750 1:2.0 Finger millet ( mandwa ) 14,920 25,900 10,980 1:1.7 15,640 34,400 18,760 1:2.2 Kidney bean ( rajma ) 28,250 56,000 27,775 1:2.0 30,250 80,000 49,750 1:2.6 Mustard 21,630 32,000 10,370 1:1.4 17,500 48,000 30,500 1:2.7
31. Up-scaling Strategy Saturate villages where SRI has been successfully demonstrated by increasing the number of households and area coverage per household. Average family size = 5-6 members/household Ave. landholding = 0.3-0.4 ha/HH; 0.1 ha irrigated area (5 nalis ) Adoption of SCI on 3.25 lakh ha in UKD (45% of NSA) and on 1.31 lakh ha in HP (23% of NSA) can bring these states to foodgrain security Daily requirement (gm/p/d) Total annual HH require-ment (T) Average SCI production (T/ha/season) Target area coverage (ha/HH) Cereals 420 0.85-1.00 3 = 120 kg/nali/yr 0.14 = 7 nalis Pulses 40 0.08-0.09 1.5 = 60 kg/nali/yr 0.03 = 1.5 nalis