1) The respiratory system includes the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and lungs. 2) The lungs contain millions of alveoli which are the sites of gas exchange between the air and blood. 3) Breathing is controlled by respiratory muscles and regulated by centers in the brain in response to changes in blood chemistry.

1. eothing and Kachange of taaes
Brenthing: Binpe inhalaton Ciialke
ezhaluan (ednaig
Inhalaian Tmsiraion
Respinaon Brienkcouon
c ain ) and

2. Heapirtatoy
(4)Halita+
Tertes ial Lungs (pulronar aapiaicn)
Porikerra
(hi) tissIe: coeleoaka,cancphrto
Ploaghelnimine
) craun stem: sChel minthes :
HOUBCO keatherr iho Gs cienlai
eChmdermao utert asculast-Siren
JHemicnortdota Gille
hordota:
Ernghibia Lungs Gilei

3. Hunan ieepi(ator
SxteDal nosHileNaeR
obove
Tpema. NOsHils Narres
Tkachec
VenHta
NGSHg
Photynx Lcommon paunge or foad ain
hutyx
xCeSangs
Dorsa

4. Laxunx (souns /voke box
’14 has vOca) corc iha
thich covecg
ifenchea to sroend
is made up ak cailoge
canhage
9 BrtonChî
NO4e
Tracheo kuind pipe)cia
2 Tnika Bronchiole
teimal Bronchiake
thal
Pepincossu
LICduce sord
produe
Glotie he cpeoing ak
Alveolot åct
AIVeoli
Treachea dvides into 4° Brconchi 0t
Dorso due to the priAEDCA c the
ngs
oRingg)
BrionchioIO aued as ponduinaxone
Condueionak aie
Bringit ody tem
Trrop dus Parcicle
BitonchioIe
6th THORACiC Jeebratea
Janthea
ivide
Heapjtaatyzane
dexmina
/exrange

5. ALVEOL] (exchonge zane)
Alvecli
Bosemert
unga in t04a) haue 300 mitio n alueoli
Oimpie 2aliaceirou
´endthel'u
Tamono
Iayer)
Smdo tneium Pumenarts capila92
X Erthange o membrane pieien membrtane
Simple guamous epithelum(alveoi )
Basementswesnce hickness ks than

6. Lungi
’ Double membyane
CPlou menbriane
Thotacc Chumbert /Cage
inner: Viccera Pleuta Tn ciOge conCt Luuih
Has leua auid beKITen them to reduce AricHion
1)
Lngs
Kungs (are Prto+e ed fnside Rie- caae

7. Mechaniem dBrehing
Mueoes inuolved in ArOthing
nier coa3ta
(rEsenA betusen
Inigzcotta) mscle
Caxiera) intecoto mUsle)
intercota
(6) Diaphsogr

8. Conirocq
Tireisurte
Air insidé
Norma ehalaion
Molyrne
JncaeoAe the yokrne
borne
jomer
P
Rla
Pow aPinst
Doyeogge in youme
posisicoy
Rigs
COnotio
and Bertnum m
Olume o Thg°ncic
orao nrcalChomber COecreole)

9. Inhabnion
Neepiraons Volumes an capaoies
Respisas
Hespnany volumes Aperson ca
Help c7 a deuice calet as Spironte+ert
Aat bnhina Aate12-16 time /mim
TV
,Sxhalariov
IRV
FRC ERV
: A perscn can inhade Lexhole dereN Volumeg

10. 4 Tidal volume1V): The ama!
exhales.
apircaary yo|m)= Ty x Lieaiygy ste
a IAV (Ireplcauony
OH aita persoH
a5003000 m
y 001a00 mL
X
6000 R000mLoin.
AeaertNe Vou)i he addiHonad voluif.
can inhale
Reerje volume):
a) lesidun! volume (Rv) Tieamass
Can eehale
SPtr SPlROHEIER.
YoUmo.
TOia) volune
(6E piroDMr Cafooiy (Ec)i: Tola) volume d ain,a partson can exS

11. Tutbnal sesiduol eapacy
inkolakon.
Exchanae
Ve
antelu inhalaian.
NOre
(TLe) The toa
artia Presute: Airt anyg mouEs kxom the
porrial presuse io ou) Pasia Firesute
lungs

12. Diocolu in PIauma (a,)
Bind uoi tb CHoembgobin) (91/)
NOHE: Blooc Plosma Hormed elerene f wBC:

13. cuill ther
t
h
i
s Bindim
f hunce akec th
e bzugan- aca
Ipi 4emp ane known
St
h
er BueLkKSI
L
S Wi
u
e
t0Hb is
La) sabe The pacr
i
o
ID08040
50
C'
x
ygen Qcsodwion
Cuaje
pH

14. NDYMa
DigsocioiOn
a
(tiacue)
Voo’
Peos’
H
’
Temp.
HaCoaH
NOTE
-
CO
Tesue
ci)
PcoaA
iv)
Temp

15. Hbcoa
Covtba
minoha
emogo
Cost
Hb
Corboukaemaglob
The
sinaira
ale
Nate:

16. Hd
hemote
forcic Bies
onHal chemorscejptor eta
Sense Change
n )
By ceporC3
Chemí
c
ak riegulan
Pneumolosie
Rhyt
h
m
Nerccaus teauloon
hegulaon
oe Respioaion.

17. (Eibre aión)
in
Asbes
os AShesHsia
uLheh tresyltsnBAoSi
A person uortina
in i
o
ne Brenling bnctora
dujKy
BUOchi
or
C8E) Docupoi
o
na Reep itatot picordera.
:
ai
rt caI not cCCLCS auei fremain
anea cLenne
diarteSmaler
henre diinula
-in eahi
n
g
Atacion poiorgeo ontaeron
in th
e
Spoam
u
oi
d
er co
n Atacion paoloneo
Btonchic
IeA
IEAungin intanTOoHCn
in t
h
e wa
u
() Aet
h
ma