Adherens junctions in epithelia often form a continuous adhesion belt.pdf
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Adherens junctions in epithelia often form a continuous adhesion belt that encircles each of the cells just beneath a surface of the epithelium (see the figure Part A). Within each cell, a contractile bundle of actin filaments and myosin II lies adjacent to the adhesion belt, oriented parallel to the plasma membrane and tethered to it by cadherins. The actin-myosin bundles are thus linked, via the cadherins, into an extensive transcellular network. In the normal course of development, the coordinated contraction of this network provides the motile force for the folding of epithelial cell sheets into tubes - a fundamental process in animal morphogenesis (Part B). In animal development, which epithelial sheet in the figure gives rise to which epithelial tube? (B) Choose one: A. Epithelial sheet II folds into epithelial tube II. B. Epithelial sheet I folds into epithelial tube II. C. Epithelial sheet I folds into epithelial tube I. D. Epithelial sheet II folds into epithelial tube I..
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Cilia and flagella are hair-like organelles that project from the surface of eukaryotic cells. They are composed of microtubules arranged in a 9+2 pattern and powered by dynein motor proteins. Cilia are usually shorter and more numerous, while flagella are longer and occur singly or in pairs. Cilia create currents for functions like moving mucus and debris in the lungs. Flagella propel sperm and protists through fluid. Both undergo intracellular transport to assemble and are shed and regrown from basal bodies that anchor them.
Microtubules by jimmy
The document summarizes microtubules and microfilaments. It discusses the structure of microtubules, which are hollow tubes composed of tubulin protein. Microtubules function in cell division, forming the mitotic spindle, and in structures like cilia and flagella. Motor proteins like kinesin and dynein power movement along microtubules, transporting vesicles and organelles and driving cilia/flagella motion. Microfilaments are composed of actin and function in cell shape changes, muscle contraction through interacting with myosin, and cytokinesis.
Cytoskeleton
The cytoskeleton is a network of fibers that extends throughout the cytoplasm and provides structural support to the cell. It is composed of three main types of fibers - microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments. The cytoskeleton also functions in cell motility through motor proteins that interact with the fibers to transport vesicles and organelles within the cell. It plays an important role in cell division and shape change.
C mitosis
This document presents observations from a study on the effects of colchicine (C-mitosis) on cell division (mitosis) in root tip cells of onion (Allium cepa). Key findings include:
1) Colchicine treatment causes a delay in spindle formation and chromosome separation, resulting in chromosomes arranged in a scattered, diakinesis-like manner instead of an equatorial plate.
2) Over time, the chromosome halves coil into spirals then form characteristic X-shaped pairs as the centromeres remain undivided.
3) Eventually the centromeres divide, with daughter chromosomes arranged in parallel pairs. This causes chromosome doubling within each cell.
4)
CELL JUNCTIONS lecture .pptx
Cell junctions connect neighboring cells and classify into occluding, communicating, and anchoring junctions. Occluding junctions prevent molecule exchange between cells, like tight junctions. Communicating junctions allow molecule passage under 1,000 Da, like gap junctions. Anchoring junctions provide cell-cell or cell-matrix structural integrity, like adherens junctions and desmosomes. Tight junctions prevent large molecule passage between epithelial/endothelial cells. Gap junctions allow ion and small molecule exchange in heart and intestine. Adherens junctions connect actin between adjacent cells and desmosomes connect intermediate filaments.
Hap connective tissue.
Connective tissue is one of the most abundant and widely distributed tissues in the body. It has various forms and functions including binding and supporting other tissues, protecting organs, compartmentalizing structures, serving as the transport system, storing energy reserves, and contributing to immune responses. Connective tissue consists of cells and an extracellular matrix. The matrix includes ground substance and fibers that provide structure, strength, and flexibility. There are many types of connective tissue including loose connective tissue, dense connective tissue, cartilage, bone, and liquid connective tissue.
Cell junctions ppt
Cells have a cytoskeleton that provides structure, facilitates transport, and supports cell junctions. There are three main types of cytoskeletal filaments - microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules. Cell junctions consist of multiprotein complexes that provide contact between cells or between cells and the extracellular matrix. The main types of cell junctions are tight junctions, desmosomes, adherens junctions, and gap junctions. Tight junctions form a continuous belt around cells to control paracellular transport. Desmosomes and adherens junctions connect cells through adhesive proteins like cadherins and resist mechanical stress.
Bahan kuliah
This document summarizes the histology of epithelium and connective tissue. It describes the four basic types of tissues as epithelial, connective, muscle and nervous tissues. It focuses on epithelium and connective tissue. Epithelial tissue is composed of closely packed cells that line surfaces and form glands. Connective tissue contains extracellular matrix and fibers. The document classifies epithelia based on cell layers and cell shape. It describes the structure and functions of simple, stratified, pseudostratified and transitional epithelia. It also discusses the extracellular matrix, basement membrane and cells of connective tissue.
Tmj
The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) connects the mandible to the temporal bone. It is a fibrous joint covered by fibrocartilage. The articular surfaces are the glenoid fossa and the condyle. The joint is divided into two cavities by the articular disc. The joint is surrounded by a capsule lined by synovial membrane. Synovial fluid within the joint provides nutrition and lubrication to allow smooth movement.
of layers- The or an epithelial tissue includes two descriptive terms-.pdf
of layers. The or an epithelial tissue includes two descriptive terms: the epithelial tissue mossible
shapes are squamos, cuboidal, and columt means that cell lay be simple or stratified. Simple
means that there is meaning that cell layers are placed on top of each other. Some epithelial t or
hairlike that they only appear to be layered. Epithelium may also have joins an epithelium to
underlying connective tissue. Observation: Simple and Stratified Squamous Epithelium Simple
Squamous Epithellum Simple squamous epithelium is a single layer of thin, flat, many-sided
cells, each with a central nucleus. It lines internal cavities, the heart, and all the blood vessels. It
also lines parts of the urinary, respiratory, and male reproductive tracts. 1. Study a model or
diagram of simple squamous epithelium. What does squamous mean? 2. Examine a prepared
slide of squamous epithelium. Under low power, note the close packing of the flat cells. What
shapes are the cells? 3. Under high power, examine an individual cell, and identify the plasma
membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus. 4. Add a sketch of this tissue to Table 6.1. Stratiffed
Squamous Epithelium As would be expected from its name, stratified squamous epithelium
consists of many layers of cells. The innermost. layer produces cells that are first cuboidal or
columnar in shape, but as the cells push toward the surface, they become flattened. The outer
region of the skin, called the epidermis, is stratified squamous epithelium. As the cells move
toward the surface, th protein called keratin, and eventually die. Keratin makes the outer layet
able to repel water. 1. Either now or when you are studying skin in section 6.2, examine the slide
that is stratified squamous epithelium. 2. Approximately how many layers of cells make up this
portion of st 3. Which layers of cells best represent squamous epithelium? 4. Add a sketch of this
tissue to Table 6.1. The linings of the mouth, throat, anal canal, and vagina are stratifi cells
surrounding the cavity is simple squamous epithelium. In these org moist, and alive. 58
Laboratory 6 Body Tissues Observation: Simple Cuboidol Epithellum Simple cuboidal
epithelium is a single layer of cube-shaped cells. each with a central nucleus. It is found in
tubules of the kidney and in the ducts of many glands, where it has a protective function. It also
occurs in the secretory portions of some glands - that is, where the tissue produces and releases
secretions. 1. Study a model or diagram of simple cuboidal epithelium. 2. Examine a prepared
slide of simple cuboidal epithelium. Move the slide until you locate cube-shaped cells that line a
lumen (cavity). Are these cells ciliated? 3. Add a sketch of this tissue to Table 6.1. Observation:
Simple Columnar Epithellum mple columnar epithelium is a single layer of tall, cylindrical lls,
each with a nucleus near the base. This tissue, which lines digestive tract from the stomach to the
anus, protects, cretes, and allows absorption of .
DIFFUSION BASED AND VASCULAR CONSTRUCTS, TRANSPORT OF NUTRIENTS AND METABOLITES
Tissue Engineering is the study of the growth of new connective tissues, or organs, from cells and a collagenous scaffold to produce a fully functional organ for implantation back into the donor host. It also refers to the application of engineering principles to the design of tissue replacements, usually formed from cells and biomolecules. Tissue engineering is a fast growing area of research that aims to create tissue equivalents of blood vessels, heart muscle, nerves, cartilage, bone, and other organs for replacement of tissue either damaged through disease or trauma. As an interdisciplinary field, principles from biological, chemical, electrical, materials science, and mechanical engineering are employed in research and development. Concepts and discoveries from the fields of molecular and cell biology, physiology and immunology are also readily incorporated into research activities for tissue engineering. Recent advancements in stem cell research provide exciting opportunities of using stem cells for regeneration of tissues and organs.
Sprint Final 09 B
The document describes the intracellular organization of a liver cell (hepatocyte). It includes a table showing the relative volumes occupied by major intracellular compartments, including the cytosol (54% of cell volume), mitochondria (22%), rough endoplasmic reticulum (9%), and nucleus (6%). It notes that the endoplasmic reticulum forms a single large compartment, while the Golgi apparatus is organized into discrete stacked cisternae.
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aravind cell bio.pptx ............................................
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