The document discusses acupressure and acupuncture. It defines acupressure as applying manual pressure to specific points on the body, while acupuncture involves inserting thin needles into points. The document outlines the basic principles of Chinese medicine that acupressure and acupuncture are based on, describing the flow of energy through meridian pathways and how blockages can cause illness. It provides details on administering acupressure and acupuncture treatments, their mechanisms of action, effects, instruments used, precautions, and implications for treating mental illness.

1. 2/18/2015 1ANCY KURIAN I MSc.(N)

2. 2/18/2015 2ANCY KURIAN I MSc.(N)

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BY Ms. ANCY KURIAN
I MSc.(N) STUDENT
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5. OVERVIEW
ACUPRESSURE
 Definition & Principles
 General Directions
 Mechanism of Action
 Acupressure points
 Precautions
 Side-effects
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6. OVERVIEW (Contd…)
ACUPUNCTURE
 Definition and History
 Modalities used
 Acupuncture needles
 Effect of Acupuncture
 Legal Issues
 Complications and Contraindications
 Nurses’ Responsibility
 Implications in Mental illness
 Acupuncture in India
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7. • Definition
Acupressure involves application of manual
pressure usually with fingertips to specific
points on the body.
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8. General Directions
• Use firm pressure
• Acupressure points are very sensitive areas
• Massage until numbness is felt
• No limit in the number of exercises per day.
• Increase the massage in intensity slowly.
• During massage ,client can sit or lie down and
breathe deeply.
• Client need not massage on his own.
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9. Basic Principles
1. Chinese philosophy believes that a person is healthy
when Qi flows evenly along the merdians
2. The root cause of all diseases is a disorder in this energy
vibration
3. It defines 12 merdians connected to 12 vital organs .
4. Any factor affects the flow ILLNESS
5. Imbalances caused Blockage /Leakage of energy
in particular channel
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10. Procedure
Administered by acupuncturist
often
Pressure increased for about 30
seconds, held steadily for 30 sec –
2 min.
Repeated 3- 5 times
Acupressure & acupuncture –
same active points
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11. MECHANISM OF ACTION
• Energy flows through the various channels irrigating
and nourishing the tissues
• An obstruction in movement causes diseases and
ailments
• Needling unblocks the obstructions and reestablish
flow through merdians
• Acupuncture helps internal organs to correct
imbalances in digestion,absorption and energy
production.
• Stimulation of endorphins and hormones
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12. ACUPRESSURE POINTS
 Selection of points by acupuncturist
 Acupressure point sections
–Chest and Abdomen points
–Head,Scalp ,Shoulder points
–Arm and hand points
–Leg and feet points
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13. ACUPRESSURE POINTS ALONG THE MERDIANS
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14. Instruments used
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15. PRECAUTIONS
• Acupressure should never be painful
• Pressure should be gentle
• AVOID Osteoporosis, Bruising ,bleeding
disorders,Circulatory problems – Diabetes & in
Anticoagulant therapy/Antiplatelet medications(Warfarin)
 Else can be done under supervision of a qualified therapist.
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16. Side-effects
• RARE
• Sorenes and temporary lightheadedness
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18. It is the treatment of various diseases
of the body ,carried out by inserting
very fine filiform needles or giving
heat to specific points on the body.
Latin ‘Acus’ - needle & ‘pungus’ -
prick
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19. HISTORY
• Ancient Chinese medicine
about 5000 years old
• At that time – needles made
up of bones and bamboo were
used.
• Collective work - ‘Huang Di
Nei Jing ‘ – 3rd century B.C
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20. ACUPUNCTURE TREATMENT
• Detailed history
• Choosing of acupuncture points
• Usual length of treatment – 10-30
min.
• 1-2 times per week
ACUPUNCTURE POINTS
 14 merdians, 360 acupuncture
points
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21. MODALITIES USED
 Electro-Acupuncture - Diabetes ,asthma,slip
disc,sciatica,migraine,addictions,
deafness,menstrual disorders,azoospermia etc
 He-Ne Laser Therapy – Children,elderly
,debilitated and Hi-Fi patient
 Moxibustion – Asthma,Rhinitis etc
 Cupping/Fire cupping/Bekam Therapy
 Catgut Embedding Therapy
 Plum blossom Therapy.
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22. RISK RATIO
• 0.05 per 10000 treatments or
• 0.55 per 10000 individual patients
• Risk of a serious adverse event is low
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24. ACUPUCTURE NEEDLES
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•Size- 0.12mm – 0.35mm in diameter
•Length - 1- 1.5 inch
• Standards for acupuncture needles

25. Specialised Acupuncture Needles
• Three-edged Needle
• Plum blossom needle
• Intradermal needle
• Press needles
• Ear seeds,press seeds and pellets
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26. Effect of ACUPUNCTURE
• Analgesic effect
• Sedative effect
• Homeostatic effect
• Effects on CNS
• Motor recovery
• Immunity enhancing
• Effects on blood vessels and blood
• Effects on Digestive system and respiratory
system
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27. Legal Issues
• Hands of an unskilled practitioner
• Indirect regulations
o Drugs & poisoning scheduling
o Skin penetration regulations
o Therapeutic Goods Administration
• Choosing a practitioner
o Associate membership
o Qualifications
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28. Complications
• Needle Dystocia
• Bent Needle
• Broken Needle
• Fainting
• Injury in internal
organs
• Bleeding
• Infection
• Forgotten Needle
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29. CONTrAINDICATIONS
• Acute Cardiac and congestive failureger
• Malignancies
• Surgical- intestinal obstruction etc
• Drugs
• Pregnancy
• Hemorrhagic diseases
• Miscellaneous – Very old patients,
Sweating profusely,After hot bath,after
food,hungry patients, Debilitated and dying patients.
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IMPLICATIONS ON MENTAL ILLNESS

31. • DEPRESSION
• Water – Fear (Renal)
• Fire – Joy (Heart and Sleep )
• Wood –Anger (Aggression &
Disappointment
• Metal – Grief (Respiratory)
• Earth – sympathy & empathy
(Digestive)
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33. •ANXIETY DISORDERS
• Innate deficiency of heart and kidney
energies,excess of liver Qi
• Lack of communication between heart and the
kidneys
Stillness with prominent EEG readings,deep
relaxation and degree ofunresponsiveness to pain
stimuli
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34. • Insomnia –ncreasing production of serotonin
• Addiction – Improveis immune function,increases
working memory and prevents neurological disorders.
• Smoking – Auriculopuncture & electroacupuncture
• Alzheimer’s Disease – Verbal & motor skills
,cognitive and mood functions
• Parkinson’s Disease – Alleviate muscle
stiffness,soreness and tremors
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35. • Anorexia Nervosa – Restore functioning of vital
organs and other essential bodily functions
• Nocturnal Enuresis
• Mental Retardation – IQ Developed and Social
adaptation behaviour increased.
• Insomnia
• Phobias – Increased production of
Endorphins,alleviates fears,anxieties and stress
• Schizophrenia
• Obsessive Compulsive Disorder- Dampness
/Phlegm entities removed
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36. NURSES RESPONSIBILITY
 Adequate information
Ensure sterilized needles
Proper history collection
Infection control
Careful count of needles
Documentation
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38. • Acupuncture – An Alternative Therapy
• Health Issues related
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39. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ACUPUNCTURE &
ACUPRESSURE
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40. ACUPUNCTURE IN INDIA
• Acupuncture CAM therapy Institute in India
• IANM
• IGNOU – PG Diploma courses
• Indian Academy of acupuncture
science,Aurangabad
• Indian Board of Alternative Medicine
• TRAINING
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41. CONCLUSION
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• “The future of acupuncturedoes not lie with
the west or east but with the third world
where one in three die from diseases or
poverty before the age of five ,five million
each year”. The third world cannot afford
western medicine.

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