This document discusses various turnover ratios that measure the efficiency of a company's use of resources like inventory, fixed assets, and working capital. It defines the inventory turnover ratio, trade receivable turnover ratio, trade payable turnover ratio, and working capital turnover ratio. For each ratio, it provides the formula to calculate it and explains that a higher ratio generally indicates more efficient use of resources and faster collection or payment periods.

2. Introduction
These ratios measure the efficiency and rapidity of
the resources of the company, like inventory, fixed
assets , working capital etc. These ratios are
normally calculated on the basis of revenue or its
cost so these are also called turnover ratio. Some of
these are discuss further…

3. Activity Ratios
Inventory Turnover Ratio
Trade Receivable Turnover Ratio
Trade Payable Turnover Ratio
Working Capital Turnover Ratio

4. Inventory Turnover Ratio
Introduction Indicates relationship between the cost of revenue
from operation and average inventory kept during
the year
Formula
Cost of revenue from operation/Average inventory
Cost of revenue
from operation
opening inventory+ Purchases+ Carriage+ wages+
other direct charges- closing inventory
Or Revenue from operations- Gross Profit
Average
inventory
(opening inventory+ closing inventory)/2
Significance higher the ratio shows higher efficiency

5. Trade Receivable Turnover Ratio
Introduction indicates relationship between credit revenue from operation
and average trade receivable during the year.
Formula Net credit Revenue from operations/Average Trade Receivables
Average trade
Receivables
(Opening receivable+ closing receivable)/2
Significance
Higher ratio shows speed of collection from debtors quickly.
Average Collection Days in year/Trade Receivable Turnover Ratio

6. Trade Payable Turnover Ratio
Trade Payable Turnover
Ratio
Indicates relation between credit
purchase and average trade payables
during the year.
Formula: Net Credit Purchases/Average Trade
Payables
Significance higher ratio means creditors are paid quickly
and company creditworthiness is good.
Average payment period Days in year/ Trade Payable Turnover Ratio

7. Working Capital Turnover Ratio
Introduction Reveals how efficiently working capital of the
business concern is utilized in non-manufacturing
concern
Formula Net Revenue From operation/Working Capital
Significance Higher ratio indicates how efficiently working capital (i.e.
current assets and trade receivables are utilized) in the
business.