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Activity 5
- 1. Foundations for Graduate Study in Business Activity 5: Thinking Critically
- 2. Overview • Purpose – Understand logical reasoning – Be familiar with common errors in reasoning —logical fallacies – Keep mind open to ideas and findings • Time Required – 7 to 11 hours • Readings • Discussion post and response
- 3. Assignment- Readings (links in Course Room) • Article: Developing as Rational Persons: Viewing Our Development in Stages • Website: Common Logical Fallacies • Preparing the Discussion Post
- 4. Graded Assignment • Post 150-200 words (syllabus and course room will tell you where) • Deadline: 11:59:59 AZ time Wednesday – http://www.worldtimebuddy.com/ • Give one example for each of the four following logical fallacies. – Non Sequitur – Faulty Analogy – Hasty Generalization – Equivocation • Give one example of a “mystery logical fallacy”
- 5. Graded Assignment - Continued • Use examples that relate to your own field of study, – You can create yourself, or – You can locate in articles in your field. • Be sure to follow APA form and style to cite any outside source
- 6. Graded Assignment - Continued • Non Sequitur. Arguments in which irrelevant reasons are offered to support a claim – Example. I wore a red shirt when I took the test, so that is probably why I did so well on the test • Faulty Analogy. Because two things are alike in one or more respects, they are necessarily alike in some other respect. – Example. Banning drug paraphernalia sales to curb drug abuse makes about as much sense as banning bikinis to reduce promiscuity • Hasty Generalization. A single example or instance is used as the basis for a broader generalization – Example. All movie stars are rude. I asked Kevin Costner for his autograph and he was rude. • Equivocation. The conclusion of the argument is not concerned with the same thing as the premise – Example. Only man is rational. No woman is a man. Therefore, no woman is rational
- 7. Graded Assignment - Continued • “mystery logical fallacy” – Choose any other logical fallacy from the list of logical fallacies (not Non Sequitur, Faulty Analogy, Hasty Generalization, or Equivocation). – Find an example of this fallacy in the news media or in an internet source related to your field. – Share the example, and the source, but do not mention the name of the fallacy. – Your fellow students will have to identify this "mystery logical fallacy" in their responses to your post!
- 8. Graded Assignment-Continued • I will provide an example using the assignment instructions so you can see the final product – Look for the Activity 5 Example.doc attachment in the Pre-Activity 5 Email I send on Mondays
- 9. Graded Assignment - Continued • Post 75-100 words in response to another student • Deadline: 11:59:59 AZ time Sunday, – http://www.worldtimebuddy.com/ • Identify the "mystery logical fallacy" in another student's post. – The student post could be a current student or a past student post. • Explain the impact you think that such faulty logic would have on the beliefs and behavior of the general public? – What false conclusions and possible resulting actions might occur on the basis of this illogical statement?
- 10. Graded Assignment - Continued • Style – Usually use APA form as explained in the latest edition of the APA Publication Manual • http://www.apastyle.org/learn/faqs/index.aspx – For discussion questions, not as much • More “business casual”! However, use a professional tone and proper grammar and sentence structure • Use APA style when referring to outside resources
- 11. Tips • Spread the work out and give yourself sufficient time • For the 150-200 word post – Four following logical fallacies (Non Sequitur, Faulty Analogy, Hasty Generalization, Equivocation • Can create yourself, or • Can locate in articles in your field. – Follow APA form and style to cite any outside source – Mystery logical fallacy (other than Non Sequitur, Faulty Analogy, Hasty Generalization, or Equivocation). • Find an example in the news media or in an internet source related to your field • Follow APA form and style to cite any outside source
- 12. Tips - Continued • Read the Activity 5 Example.doc that I email to you as an attachment
- 13. Tips - Continued • For 75-100 word response: – Identify the "mystery logical fallacy" in another student's post. – Can be a current student or a past student post. – Explain impact would have on the beliefs and behavior of the general public? – What false conclusions might occur?
- 14. Grading • Your instructor has 4 days (until Thursday) to grade and give you feedback on your Foundations work.
Editor's Notes
- Hi this is Dave Johnson. In this presentation I'm going to explain Activity 5, Thinking Critically
- The purpose of this activity is to understand logical reasoning, to become familiar with common errors in reasoning--what we would call logical fallacies, and to keep an open mind to new ideas and findings that might conflict with common knowledge. The time required for this activity could range from 7 to 11 hours depending upon how much time you spend in the readings and searching for some logical fallacies for the assignment, which is a discussion post and a response post.
- The readings include an article entitled Developing as Rational Persons: Viewing Our Development in Stages, a website that lists and explains common logical fallacies, and a reading entitled Preparing the Discussion Post .
- The graded assignment asks you to make a 150 to 200 word post. You can find where to post in the course room. This post is due midnight Arizona time on Wednesday. In the post you're supposed to provide five examples of logical fallacies. You are to give one example for each of the four following logical fallacies: a non sequitur, a faulty analogy, a hasty generalization, and an equivocation. Then you're supposed to provide one other example of what we’re calling a “mystery logical fallacy.”
- For the 4 examples, you should find them to your own field of study. You can either create them yourself or you can locate articles in your field. Just remember to cite the articles appropriately using APA format.
- Here are some explanations of the 4 logical fallacies you're supposed to find: A non sequitur occurs when irrelevant reasons are offered to support a claim in an argument. An example would be I wore a redshirt when I took the test so that is probably why I did so well on the test. The redshirt and the test in all likelihood have no relationship. A faulty analogy provides a faulty argument from an analogy when it observes that two things are alike in one or more respects, and concludes they are necessarily alike in some other respect. For example banning drug paraphernalia sales to curb drug abuse makes as much sense as banning bikinis to reduce promiscuity acuity. Bikinis and drug paraphernalia are unrelated. Hasty generalization occurs when a single example is used as a basis for broader generalization. For example say you ask a movie star for his autograph and he is rude to you. Then you conclude that all movie stars are rude. You are making a generalization from only one example. An equivocation occurs when you conclude an argument that is not connected with the premise of the argument. For example you could make the statement that only man as rational. Then make a statement no woman is a man. Then conclude that no woman as rational. The problem was that the term man in the first instance was a broad generalization including men and women and was meant to differentiate humans from other animals.
- The fifth example that you are going to provide in your post is what we are calling a “mystery logical fallacy.” You are to choose any other logical fallacy from the list so that means you can't choose a non sequitur, faulty analogy, hasty generalization, or equivocation. Then you need to find an example of this fallacy in the news media or in an Internet source related to your field. You're share the example and the source but do not disclose the name of the fallacy. One of your fellow students will then have to identify this mystery fallacy in their response to your post.
- I will provide an example using the assignment instructions so you can see what the final product looks like. You can use this as a model and use the overall organization and headings provided. You’ll notice that I provide 4 logical fallacies (a Non Sequitur, Faulty Analogy, Hasty Generalization, or Equivocation) and 1 mystery fallacy that I don’t identify but provide a source link. I cite references using APA and provide a reference list at the end. I would then copy all the text and references and post it in the message box at the Activity 5 page in the Northcentral Learner Portal. Look for this example attachment in the Pre-Activity 5 email I send on Mondays.
- In your 75 to 100 word response to another student the deadline is midnight Arizona time on Sunday. You are to read another student's post and the mystery logical fallacy that they have provided and identify what the logical fallacy is. The student can be a current student in the course or past student. You need to explain the impact you think such faulty logic would have on the general public. What false conclusions might they make or what actions might they take based upon this illogical statement?
- Now, remember that discussion questions are not as formal as typical academic writing. Discussion questions are more business casual. However, you must still use a professional tone and proper grammar and sentence structure, and you must use APA style when referring to outside sources.
- Here are some tips for you to complete this activity. Remember to spread the work out and provide yourself with sufficient time. For the 150 to 250 word post 4 fallacies, you can create them yourself or can locate articles in your field. Make sure that you find examples of those 4 fallacies that you see on the screen. And if you do find an article, make sure that you cite using a proper APA form. For the mystery logical fallacy you can't use the 4 logical fallacies you used previously. And for mystery logical fallacy you have to find an example in the news media or in an Internet source related to your field, so you can’t create an example yourself. Therefore, make sure that you follow APA form when you cite this source.
- Look for the Activity 5 Example document that I email to you on Monday as an attachment. This document is an example of Activity 5 in which I do the assignment myself as a model of the finished product. Look at that document to get an idea of what the finished assignment should look like.
- For the 75 to 100 word response make sure that you identify the mystery logical fallacy in the other student's post. It can be a current or past student. And remember to explain the impact this is going to have on the beliefs and behavior of the general public and also explain what false conclusions they may make.
- Remember that the instructor has four days--until Thursday--to grade and give you feedback on your Foundations assignments. I look forward to receiving your assignment and hope that you find this activity to be useful.