Activating Brca1 And Brca2 With Estrogen
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This document discusses a proposed experiment to test the hypothesis that increased estrogen levels can activate mutated BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, leading to breast cancer development. The experiment would involve genetically engineering mice to have these mutated genes. The mice would then be given periodic doses of estrogen over their lifetime to observe if and when their normal cell growth turns cancerous. If cancer develops, repeating the experiment multiple times could help determine if estrogen is sufficient to trigger tumor growth by activating the mutated genes. Positive results may inform future research developing anti-estrogen treatments to prevent cancer formation in high-risk individuals.
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Gene expression profiling in breast carcinoma
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BRCA Testing is a gene test that uses DNA analyses.
This test is usually done to identify the harmful changes of the two breast cancer susceptibility genes.
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HEREDITARY BREAST and OVARY CANCER [HBOC] SYNDROME, Dr BUI DAC CHI.
The BRCA genes normally help repair DNA damage but mutations increase cancer risk. Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer (HBOC) Syndrome is caused by mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, increasing risks for early-onset breast, ovarian, pancreatic, and other cancers. Genetic testing can identify BRCA mutations to diagnose HBOC and determine risks for family members. Referral for genetic testing should be considered for those with personal or family histories of certain cancers.
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Freelance Robotics was created in 2009 to provide research and development services to industry, small businesses, and universities. They develop solutions to problems to help bridge research and commercialization. They offer a range of R&D services including robotics, electronics, IT, mechanics, physics, artificial intelligence, and control systems. Freelance Robotics helps improve productivity with robotics solutions, develop new products, and improve existing systems.
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The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
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Cancer genetics
Genetic testing and counseling can help determine cancer risk based on family history and genetic mutations. Most cancers are sporadic but 5-10% are hereditary due to inherited gene mutations. Genetic counselors use family histories and genetic tests to assess cancer risks, recommend screening, and provide counseling to relatives. While some cancers have clear high-risk genes, most have contributions from multiple common and rare variants, so interpretation requires expertise.
BRCA ONCOLOGY.ppt
This document provides an overview of BRCA genes and hereditary breast cancer. It discusses how BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations can increase cancer risk and the benefits of genetic testing, such as improving cancer screening and allowing for risk-reducing surgeries. For those who test positive, lifestyle changes and increased surveillance are recommended to reduce risk. Genetic testing eligibility requires a family history indicating at least a 10% chance of a BRCA mutation. While testing provides information, results may also cause psychological distress, so additional support may be needed. Overall, genetic testing allows high-risk individuals to make informed medical decisions to lower their cancer risk.
BRCA ONCOLOGY.ppt
This document provides an overview of BRCA genes and hereditary breast cancer. It discusses how most breast cancer is sporadic but about 5-10% is hereditary, often caused by mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. Carriers of these mutations have a significantly higher risk of developing breast and ovarian cancers. Genetic testing is available and can help determine risk. For those who test positive, increased screening and preventative surgeries like mastectomies and salpingo-oophorectomies can help reduce cancer risk. The document outlines referral guidelines for genetic testing and discusses the benefits, risks, and limitations of testing.
Ganz 2 13-13
This document discusses hereditary cancer predisposition. It notes that cancer arises from gene mutations, which can be either germline mutations present in eggs or sperm that are heritable, or somatic mutations in non-germline tissues that are not heritable. While all cancer has a genetic basis, not all cancer is inherited. It highlights BRCA1 and BRCA2 as genes commonly associated with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer risk, especially in Ashkenazi Jewish populations. Management options for related cancer risks include surveillance, chemoprevention, and prophylactic surgery. Genetic testing for predisposition involves multiple steps including counseling, consent, testing, and disclosure of results.
Hereditary Cancer Predisposition
This document discusses hereditary cancer predisposition. It notes that cancer arises from gene mutations, which can be either germline mutations present in eggs or sperm that are heritable, or somatic mutations in non-germline tissues that are not heritable. While all cancer has a genetic basis, not all cancer is inherited. It highlights BRCA1 and BRCA2 as genes commonly associated with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer risk, especially in Ashkenazi Jewish populations. Management options for related cancer risks include surveillance, chemoprevention, and prophylactic surgery. Genetic testing for predisposition involves multiple steps including counseling, consent, testing, and disclosure of results.
Ovarian cancer abbey
Ovarian cancer forms in the ovaries and there are several types, with epithelial carcinoma being the most common at 90%. It can be hereditary when there is a genetic mutation to the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes. While hereditary, ovarian cancer can also be caused by environmental factors like infertility, hormone replacement or estrogen therapy, obesity, and talcum powder use. Symptoms are usually vague and include abdominal bloating or pain, changes in digestion or urination, but treatment options include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, and immunotherapy. Prevention focuses on lifestyle changes and avoiding known risk factors.
Cancer genetics and diagnosis
This document discusses cancer genetics and diagnosis. It begins by defining cancer and tumors, explaining that cancer is characterized by uncontrolled cell growth that causes malignant tumors. It then explains that cancer arises from mutations in DNA, particularly in cancer genes like tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes. Tumor suppressor genes normally prevent cell growth but mutations cause loss of function, while oncogenes promote cell growth but mutations result in constant activity. Some cancers are caused by viruses like HPV. Cancer diagnosis is usually based on finding lumps or masses, not genetics. Treatments include surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, anti-angiogenesis drugs, and differentiation therapies.
risk factor for breast cancer.pptx
Risk factors for breast cancer include both hormonal and non-hormonal factors. Hormonal risk factors include increased estrogen exposure from early menarche, nulliparity, late menopause, and obesity. Non-hormonal factors include radiation exposure during breast development, alcohol consumption, and high-fat diet. Several risk assessment models can estimate individual risk, such as the Gail and Claus models which incorporate family history and lifestyle factors. Risk management options include screening, chemoprevention drugs like tamoxifen, and risk-reducing surgeries for high-risk individuals like those with BRCA gene mutations.
Reduce your risk of Breast Cancer
Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in women. Several factors can increase a woman's risk of developing breast cancer, including family history, lifestyle factors like obesity and lack of exercise, and hormonal influences. Regular screening through self-exams and mammograms can help detect breast cancer early when it is most treatable. Diet and nutrition also play an important role, as certain foods and dietary patterns may promote inflammation and increase cancer risk, while others provide protective antioxidants.
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Surviving and Thriving with Gynecologic Cancer - 9.7.19
Join Gynecologic Oncology and wellness experts for a special "brunch and learn," event for ovarian, cervical and other gynecologic cancer survivors and champions. Speaker-led sessions will cover innovation in treatment and complementary medicine to help manage menopause and other symptoms. Moderated by Darlene Gibbon, MD. FACOG, Medical Director of Gynecologic Oncology.
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Gene therapy
This document discusses gene therapy as a promising treatment for breast cancer. It begins by providing background on breast cancer prevalence and current treatment options. It then describes how gene therapy could target mutated genes, cancer cell markers, block metastasis, and induce apoptosis. The document focuses on gene therapy approaches for breast cancer, including using antisense technology to inhibit pathogenic genes, RNA interference to downregulate genes like c-myc, and suicide genes to make cancer cells more sensitive to chemotherapy.
genetic screening in cancer presentation
Genetic testing can be useful for some people when certain types of cancer seem to run in their families. It can also be helpful for certain people with cancer who don’t have a family history of cancer. But genetic testing isn't recommended for everyone. Here we offer basic information to help you understand what genetic testing is and how it is used for people and families concerned about their cancer risk.
Genetic screening
This document discusses different types of genetic tests. It provides examples of molecular tests like testing the DMD gene for muscular dystrophy and KRAS gene testing for colon cancer. Cytogenetic tests like karyotyping and arrayCGH are explained. Biochemical tests like newborn screening for phenylketonuria are also summarized. The uses and implications of genetic testing for various clinical purposes are covered.
Development of cancer
Cancer is characterized by uncontrolled cell growth and spread. Key points:
- Oncogenes are mutated proto-oncogenes that regulate cell growth. Carcinogens and hereditary factors can cause mutations.
- Cancer cells lack contact inhibition and crowd out healthy cells. They reproduce rapidly, forming tumors.
- Tumors can be benign or malignant, with malignant tumors spreading to other sites (metastasizing).
- Early detection through screening and self-exams improves cancer treatment outcomes. Risk-reducing behaviors include not smoking, limiting alcohol, eating fruits/veggies, wearing sunscreen, and exercising regularly.
Breast cancer
This document provides an overview of chemotherapy for breast cancer. It begins with breast cancer statistics, then defines cancer and describes how breast cancer develops. It explains that breast cancer occurs when mutations take place in breast cells and ducts. Risk factors for breast cancer include genetics, lifestyle, and environmental exposures. The document outlines the different types and clinical stages of breast cancer and describes common diagnostic and treatment methods like mammography, chemotherapy, radiation, surgery, and drugs. The goal of treatments is to destroy cancer cells while sparing normal cells.
Epidemiology of uterine cancer
Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecologic cancer in the United States, with over 54,000 new cases and 10,000 deaths estimated in 2015. Risk factors include nulliparity, late menopause, obesity, diabetes, and use of unopposed estrogen therapy. The majority of cases are endometrioid adenocarcinomas associated with estrogen stimulation of the endometrium. About 3-5% of cases are caused by Lynch syndrome which is associated with mutations in mismatch repair genes. Prognosis is best for early stage localized disease, with an overall 5-year survival rate of 81.5%.
Cancer
Cervical and prostate cancer are discussed. Cervical cancer is more common in women and is caused by HPV virus. Risk factors include multiple sexual partners and family history. Symptoms include abnormal bleeding and discharge. Prostate cancer risks increase with age, family history, and diet high in animal fats. Symptoms include frequent urination and blood in the urine or semen. Both can be treated through surgery or radiation therapy if detected early. Screenings like pap smears and PSA tests are important.
Plegable
Gene mutations and their effects on cancer treatment and pregnancy were discussed. One study found that BRCA1 mutation carriers have lower ovarian reserves, suggesting guidance on pregnancy timing could help prevent complications. Another studied combining drugs with gene mutations to target cancer cells, believing this personalized approach may lead to more effective treatments. Both aimed to deepen understanding of cancer processes and genetics to eventually improve patient care and quality of life through more precise medical approaches.
Plegable
The documents discuss gene mutations and their impact on cancer treatment. The first document discusses how BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations impact ovarian reserves and risks for ovarian and fallopian tube cancer. It suggests guiding pregnancy for carriers. The second discusses finding drug-gene mutation combinations that target cancer cell growth and death. Researchers study existing drugs' effects with gene disruptions, seeking combinations that "fight" cancer cells. Both aim to advance personalized cancer treatment using genetics information. Future doctors may administer more precise treatments without trial and error.
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Breast cancer: Post menopausal endocrine therapy
Breast cancer in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) status is a common and complex condition that necessitates a multifaceted approach to management. HR+ breast cancer means that the cancer cells grow in response to hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. This subtype is prevalent among postmenopausal women and typically exhibits a more indolent course compared to other forms of breast cancer, which allows for a variety of treatment options.
Diagnosis and Staging
The diagnosis of HR+ breast cancer begins with clinical evaluation, imaging, and biopsy. Imaging modalities such as mammography, ultrasound, and MRI help in assessing the extent of the disease. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemical staining of the biopsy sample confirm the diagnosis and hormone receptor status by identifying the presence of estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) on the tumor cells.
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Endocrine Therapy
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Aromatase Inhibitors (AIs): These drugs, including anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane, lower estrogen levels by inhibiting the aromatase enzyme, which converts androgens to estrogen in peripheral tissues. AIs are generally preferred in postmenopausal women due to their efficacy and safety profile compared to tamoxifen.
Selective Estrogen Receptor Downregulators (SERDs): Fulvestrant is a SERD that degrades estrogen receptors and is used in cases where resistance to other endocrine therapies develops.
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Combining endocrine therapy with other treatments enhances efficacy. Examples include:
Endocrine Therapy with CDK4/6 Inhibitors: Palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib are CDK4/6 inhibitors that, when combined with endocrine therapy, significantly improve progression-free survival in advanced HR+ breast cancer.
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