This document summarizes the preliminary results of a 2014 survey of transportation management associations (TMAs) in the United States. It finds that while TMAs continue to be diverse in their structure, budgets, and goals, many are reducing their reliance on membership dues and increasing funding from government grants. The survey also examines the services TMAs provide, how they measure performance, and stakeholders' perceptions of TMAs' successes and challenges.

1. 1
2014 TMA
Survey –
Preliminary
Results
Philip L. Winters
Director, TDM Program
Center for Urban Transportation
Research
University of South Florida
2014 TMA Survey was developed by
ACT TMA Council, CUTR, and
UrbanTrans
Overview
 Background on the survey
 What is a TMA?
 TMA structure and motivations
 TMA budgets
 Measuring performance
 Next steps

2. 2
TMA Defined
If it looks like a duck …
 An organized group applying carefully
selected approaches to facilitating the
movement of people and goods within
an area. TMAs are often legally
constituted and frequently led by the
private sector in partnership with the
public sector to solve transportation
problems.
Source: TMA Handbook (2001)
Flexibility of organizational structure
U.S.
Incorporation
status
1993 2003 2009 2014
501(c)(3) 35% 21% 28% 19%
501(c)(4) 30% 27% 23% 22%
501(c)(5) -- 1% -- --
501(c)(6) 13% 7% 7% 6%
Total TMAs
incorporated
78% 56% 65% 54%

3. 3
Key Motivations (2009)
0% 20% 40% 60% 80%
Congestion
Improving the viability of non SOV access
General growth trends
Interest in working together/more efficient…
Air pollution
Government regulations/trip reduction…
New property development projects
Employee recruitment and retention challenges
Parking
Interest in advocacy
Global climate change
Current Originally
2009 survey allowed multiple responses
Top 3 Key Motivations (2014)
0% 20% 40% 60% 80%
Congestion
Improving the viability of non SOV access
General growth trends
Interest in working together/more efficient…
Air pollution
Government regulations/trip reduction…
New property development projects
Employee recruitment and retention challenges
Parking
Interest in advocacy
Global climate change
Current Originally
2014 survey allowed only 3 responses

4. 4
TMA Annual Budget
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
Share of TMAs
(n=71 in 2009 and n=50 in 2014
2009
2014
TMA Budget by Category
% Office operations
(including office
space, insurance,
utilities, etc.)
9%
% Staffing /
personnel (including
direct and contract
staffing, plus
benefits)
34%
% Professional
administrative
services (e.g.,
accounting, legal)
6%
% Consulting
12%
% Marketing
and
promotions
9%
% IT services /
products,
communications
3%
% Member services
(provided to
member businesses,
travelers,
stakeholders)
9%
% Measurement
and evaluation
(e.g., surveys)
3%
% Research
2%
% Other:
13%
55% have
<=2 FTE

5. 5
Number of Funding Sources
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Over half of
TMAs report
having 3 or
more sources
of revenue
N=45
Average Percent of Revenue
2009 2014
Membership dues 29.4% 20.2%
Fees for services 6.5% 4.8%
Service contracts/brokered services 4.0% 1.9%
Developer funding agreements 2.5% 1.7%
Business Improvement District (or similar
taxing district) 5.7% 3.4%
National / federal government 11.5% 22.3%
Regional government grants 6.5% 11.3%
State government grants 15.5% 14.3%
Local government grants 7.8% 11.1%
Foundation / other grants 1.1% 3.3%
Vanpool revenues 1.2% 0.1%
Shuttle/Transit revenues 2.4% 2.6%
Parking fees 1.1% 0.9%
Advertisting / Sponsorships 1.1% 1.1%
Public transportation / transit pass sales 1.8% 0.6%
Other 1.9% 0.6%
TOTAL 100.0% 100.0%

6. 6
Source % of TMAs
receiving
some income
from this
source
Range of % of total
income for TMAs
with this income
source
Most common
answer (mode)
% of TMA’s total
income
2009 2014 2009 2014 2009 2014
Services 32% 33% 4 – 75% 1 – 70% 19% 15%
Government
Grants
31% 93% 4 – 100% 1 – 100% 37% 10%
Developer
funding
10% 7% 4 – 50% 15 – 40% 23% NA
Business
Improvement
Districts
10% 16% 9 – 100% 1 – 45% 23% 25%
Membership
dues
58% 53% 1 – 100% 1 – 95% 43% 60%
Other 21% 40% 1 - 55% 2 – 70% 14% 5%
Are TMAs Reducing Reliance
on Membership Dues?
2009
 20% of respondents
receive 90% or more of
their revenue from
membership dues
 21% of respondents
receive 10% or less of
their revenue from
membership
 42% do not receive any
income from dues at all
2014
 4% of respondents
receive 90% or more of
their revenue from
membership dues
 56% of respondents
receive 10% or less of
their revenue from
membership
 47% do not receive any
income from dues at all

7. 7
TMA Budgets over past 3 years
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Increased
significantly
Increased
slightly
Stayed
about the
same
Decreased
slightly
Decreased
significantly
TMA is less
than 3 years
old
2009
2014
55% increased
significantly or slightly
TMA Services
2014
Rank
2009
Rank
Promotional/ Marketing
Materials 1 1
Promotional Events 2 3
Email newsletters 3 6
Employer Travel Surveys 4 2
Cycling program
assistance 5 10
Incentives for Alternative
mode use 6 18
Rideshare Matching 7 5
Employer networking
events 8 12
Advocacy 9 8
Advocate for infrastructure
issues 10 NA
GRH/ERH 11 7
Social media 12 25
Telework Asst 13 20
Individualized marketing 14 19
Trip Reduction Plan 15 4
Market research / focus
groups 16 NA
Vanpool services 17 22
2014
Rank
2009
Rank
ETC Training 18 9
Sample workplace
commute policies 19 NA
Transit pass sales 20 11
Parking Management
Planning 21 13
Tax benefit program
assistance 22 17
Personalized journey
planning 23 19
Carshare program 24 39
Web-based mapping
/Journey planner 25 27
Relocation services 26 16
Real-time Travel alerts 27 23
Subsidized Transit Passes 28 21
Land use / site design
assistance 29 15
Shuttle/Transit provision 30 24
Bikeshare 31 NA
Vanpool Subsidies 32 26
Freight delivery plans 33 30

8. 8
TMA Measurement Activities
Percent of
Respondents Measurement Activities
64.9% Survey travelers at workplaces or site level to assess travel modes
and patterns
63.2% Survey employers to assess satisfaction with TMA programs or test
interest in future services
56.1% Track website visitors
50.9% Tracking emails/calls received in response to a marketing/
outreach campaign
50.9% Survey participants in a specific program (e.g., rideshare
database members, vanpoolers
42.1% Encourage travelers to log daily/week trips online (or similar)
36.8% Gather raw transport use data such as traffic counts
28.1% Survey travelers at a TMA-wide level (e.g., phone surveys,
intercept surveys) to assess travel modes and patterns
17.5% Parking counts
19% didn’t report any measurement or evaluation activities
Self-
Reported
Degree of
Success
for the
Following
Outcomes
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Maintaining high level of
organizational member satisfaction…
Reducing SOV at the workplace
Increasing demand for TMA services
by travellers
Reducing SOV at the TMA-wide level
Reducing parking demand
Lowering the TMA's cost per unit of
pollution reduction
Lowering the TMA's cost per trip
reduced
Lowering the TMA's cost per VMT/KMT
reduced
Very Successful Successful
Somewhat Successful Neutral
Somewhat Unsuccessful Unsuccessful
Very Unsuccessful Do not use to measure success

9. 9
TMA Health
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
TMA staff is
thoroughly
trained and
prepared
TMA staff
turnover is very
low
There is a large
amount of
economic
development
occurring within
the TMA’s
service area
TMA Board
members are
actively
involved in
supporting the
TMA
The TMA’s
service area is
distinct and
widely
recognized
The TMA’s
external
stakeholders are
strongly
committed to
the organization
The TMA’s
service area
suffers from
significant
transportation
and access
issues
The TMA’s
funding sources
are stable, i.e.,
at least 60% of
your TMA’s
funding
automatically
renews each
year or is very
likely to
automatically
renew.
Strongly agree Agree Somewhat agree
Neutral Somewhat disagree Disagree
Strongly disagree
Points to Ponder
 Are incorporated TMAs disappearing or
simply do not identify themselves as a
TMA?
 TMAs continue to be diverse on many
levels
 Membership
 Not all TMAs are on a shoestring
 TMAs have support from stakeholders
 Success is different for different TMAs

10. 10
Contact Information
Phil Winters
Director, TDM Program
Center for Urban Transportation Research
University of South Florida
winters@cutr.usf.edu
813.974.9811