Use of near field remote sensing to monitor vegetation structural changes and bio-geochemical responses to climate change. Presented by Eva van Gorsel, CSIRO

1. phenology,
forest structure,
biogeochemistry,
plant functioning
and
the carbon and water cycle
Eva van Gorsel
CMAR
March 11, 2014

2. OzFlux: a continental network of flux
stations to measure ecosystem
fluxes using nationally-consistent
approaches

4. Today, a new scientific revolution is emerging [...] where groups of
scientists are producing global scale information on carbon and
water fluxes. They are doing so by merging of information from
networks of flux towers, biophysical models, ecological databases
and satellite-based remote sensing to produce a new generation
of flux maps.
Dennis Baldocchi, UC Berkeley
Pheno Tumbarumba| Eva van Gorsel | Page 2

5. Pheno Tumbarumba| Eva van Gorsel | Page 3
after M.Williams et al., www biogesciences.net/t/1341/2009/
time scales involved in the exchanges of carbon and
water between plants and atmosphere

6. Pheno Tumbarumba| Eva van Gorsel | Page 4
time and length scales covered
Courtesy Peter Isaac

7. Pheno Tumbarumba| Eva van Gorsel | Page 4
time and length scales covered
Tower observations provide
information on ecosystem
processes for the exchanges of
energy, water and carbon on all
relevant time scales.
Courtesy Peter Isaac

8. Pheno Tumbarumba| Eva van Gorsel | Page 4
time and length scales covered
Tower observations provide
information on ecosystem
processes for the exchanges of
energy, water and carbon on all
relevant time scales.
Remote sensing observations are
rich in spatial (and temporal)
information content and can be
used to ‘scale up’ from local to
larger scales.
Courtesy Peter Isaac

9. Pheno Tumbarumba| Eva van Gorsel | Page 4
time and length scales covered
Tower observations provide
information on ecosystem
processes for the exchanges of
energy, water and carbon on all
relevant time scales.
Remote sensing observations are
rich in spatial (and temporal)
information content and can be
used to ‘scale up’ from local to
larger scales.
Scaling up through modelling
allows quantification through
space and time and physical
understanding.
Courtesy Peter Isaac

10. schematic data-model integration
Pheno Tumbarumba| Eva van Gorsel | Page 5

11. schematic data-model integration
Pheno Tumbarumba| Eva van Gorsel | Page 5

12. Pheno Tumbarumba| Eva van Gorsel | Page 7
Tumbarumba, Bago State Forest
http://www.ozflux.org.au/

13. Interannual variability of NEE
-616 -331 230 -445 -534 -731 -546 -894 -913 -814 -793-580 gCm-2
dry
wet
Pheno Tumbarumba | Eva van Gorsel | Page 9

14. Pheno Tumbarumba| Eva van Gorsel | Page 10
Tumbarumba, Bago State Forest
Bago State Forest (hardwood, 305 km2 )
1 km radius around the tower

15. Pheno Tumbarumba| Eva van Gorsel | Page 11
Tumbarumba, Bago State Forest
Bago State Forest (hardwood, 305 km2 )
1 km radius around the tower
On an annual time scale
•NEE and NDVI are highly correlated.
NDVI together with Sd and Tair
explain 87% of the variance in NEE.
Further modifiers of NEE are
•the usual (prec, swc,...)
•minimum air temperature
•hours per year with Tair <10C
•spring (minimum) temperatures

16. Continuous measuring program:
structure, vegetation composition
continuous measurements of Logitech C920 webcam
➢ Logitech C920 webcam
➢ can do 15MP, does 2MP using Rasperry Pi native
drivers
Through collaborations with TERN AusCover (Alex
Held, Darius Culvenor)

17. Pheno Tumbarumba | Eva van Gorsel | Page
Tumbarumba, Bago State Forest

18. Sensor Network
continuous, real-time measurements (13 nodes) of
➢ PAR (fapar, fipar) | tower: PAR in,ref
➢ temperature
➢ VPD
Multispectral sensor network (10 nodes)
➢ Incoming and reflected VIS, Red, Green, Blue, NIR
➢ Normalized NDVI ((NNIR-NRed)/(NNIR+NRed))

19. Tumbarumba updates | Eva van Gorsel | Page
Tumbarumba, sensor network
http://www.ozflux.org.au/

20. Tumbarumba updates | Eva van Gorsel | Page 20
Courtesy Christopher Picket-Heaps
Variability of drivers of carbon and water fluxes

21. Tumbarumba updates | Eva van Gorsel | Page 21
Courtesy Christopher Picket-Heaps
Variability of drivers of carbon and water fluxes

22. Tumbarumba updates | Eva van Gorsel | Page 22
variability of fapar and fipar
In-canopy measurements PAR 11/2010-07/2011

23. Tumbarumba updates | Eva van Gorsel | Page 23
seasonality of fapar
In-canopy measurements PAR 11/2010-07/2011

24. Tumbarumba updates | Eva van Gorsel | Page 24
seasonality of fapar
In-canopy measurements PAR 11/2010-07/2011

25. Sensor Network
in progress: hyperspectral sensors
➢ STS-VIS microspectrometer, 350 – 800 nm
➢ Approximate Optical resolution (FWHM):
1.0nm (10μm slit), 1.5nm (25μm slit), 6nm
(100μm slit), 12nm (200μm slit )
➢ Raspberry Pi driven

26. R2D2
in progress:
➢ Hyperspectral line scanner (400-1100 nm)
➢ FLIR
➢ Ocean Optics USB2000 (200-1100 nm)
➢ Pan Tilt device

27. R2D2
in progress:
➢ Hyperspectral line scanner (400-1100 nm)
➢ FLIR
➢ Ocean Optics USB2000 (200-1100 nm)
➢ Pan Tilt device
Challenges:
Integration of the system  (thanks to Dale Hughes!)

28. R2D2
in progress:
➢ Hyperspectral line scanner (400-1100 nm)
➢ FLIR
➢ Ocean Optics USB2000 (200-1100 nm)
➢ Pan Tilt device
Challenges:
Integration of the system 
Calibration of the system

29. R2D2
in progress:
➢ Hyperspectral line scanner (400-1100 nm)
➢ FLIR
➢ Ocean Optics USB2000 (200-1100 nm)
➢ Pan Tilt device
Challenges:
Integration of the system 
Calibration of the system
Deployment of the system
Data movement and storage

30. Tumbarumba updates | Eva van Gorsel | Page
Sensor Network
http://www.ozflux.org.au/
➢ multi/hyperspectral: changes in greenness, grass curing,…
➢ PAR measurements on tower and in canopy can be used as to
validate remote sensing fapar/fipar.
➢useful for validation of absolute values and seasonality
➢useful as input in land surface models
Near field remote sensing
➢unprecedented measurement system (?)
➢great opportunity to monitor structure, biochemistry, plant
functioning and stresses.

31. Thank youThis work is supported in part by the Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network TERN and grants from
the Australian Climate Change Science Program and its predecessors through the DCCEE.
CSIRO/CMAR
Eva van Gorsel
t +61 2 6246 5611
e eva.vangorsel@csiro.au
w www.cmar.csiro.au
w www.ozflux.org.au
ENVIRONMENT/MARINE AND ATMOSPHERE

32. Pheno Tumbarumba| Eva van Gorsel | Page 6
the Australian focus
•Biochemistry
•Function
•Structure

33. Presentation title | Presenter name | Page