Ace inhibitors hf
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This document discusses the use of ACE inhibitors like lisinopril for the treatment of heart failure. It covers types of heart failure, how the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is activated in heart failure and contributes to disease progression, how ACE inhibitors work to inhibit this system, potential drug interactions with medications like Entresto and rifampin, side effects like cough and angioedema, pharmacokinetics of lisinopril, and the importance of monitoring for adverse reactions and assessing other medications when using ACE inhibitors.
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hi everyone, ACE inhibitors explained in an easy mannner..Students can overcome the hurdles in understanding the complexity of this mechanism.
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ACE inhibitors are a class of pharmaceutical drugs used to treat hypertension and congestive heart failure. They work by inhibiting the angiotensin-converting enzyme, which decreases the production of angiotensin II and lowers blood pressure. Some common ACE inhibitors discussed in the document include captopril, enalapril, lisinopril, and benazepril. Nursing considerations for ACE inhibitors include monitoring for hypotension, changes in renal function, and hyperkalemia.
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- A 48-year-old male presented with essential hypertension and was prescribed captopril. He returned with a persistent brassy cough.
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This document discusses drugs that inhibit the renin-angiotensin system for treating hypertension and other conditions. It describes how ACE inhibitors work by inhibiting the angiotensin converting enzyme and decreasing angiotensin II formation, while also increasing bradykinin levels. Angiotensin receptor blockers competitively block the angiotensin II receptor. Both classes lower blood pressure by vasodilation and reduced sodium retention. They are used to treat hypertension, heart failure, diabetic nephropathy, and myocardial infarction. Adverse effects include hypotension, hyperkalemia, and cough with ACE inhibitors.
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This document discusses the role of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in the treatment of hypertension. It defines hypertension and classifies antihypertensive drugs, describing ACE inhibitors' mechanism of action in inhibiting the angiotensin-converting enzyme. Common ACE inhibitors are discussed, along with their pharmacokinetic properties, clinical uses, adverse effects, and effectiveness in reducing cardiovascular events as demonstrated in clinical trials. ACE inhibitors are effective primarily for mild to moderate hypertension and for treating heart failure and kidney complications related to diabetes.
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ACE inhibitors block the angiotensin-converting enzyme found throughout vascular tissue that converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II. Let us know how do ACE Inhibitors work?
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A class of anti-hypertensive medications used to treat Hypertension.
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ACE inhibitors are a class of pharmaceutical drugs used to treat hypertension and congestive heart failure. They work by inhibiting the angiotensin-converting enzyme, which decreases the production of angiotensin II and lowers blood pressure. Some common ACE inhibitors discussed in the document include captopril, enalapril, lisinopril, and benazepril. Nursing considerations for ACE inhibitors include monitoring for hypotension, changes in renal function, and hyperkalemia.
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- A 48-year-old male presented with essential hypertension and was prescribed captopril. He returned with a persistent brassy cough.
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This document discusses the role of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in the treatment of hypertension. It defines hypertension and classifies antihypertensive drugs, describing ACE inhibitors' mechanism of action in inhibiting the angiotensin-converting enzyme. Common ACE inhibitors are discussed, along with their pharmacokinetic properties, clinical uses, adverse effects, and effectiveness in reducing cardiovascular events as demonstrated in clinical trials. ACE inhibitors are effective primarily for mild to moderate hypertension and for treating heart failure and kidney complications related to diabetes.
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2. ACEIs are used to treat hypertension, congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, diabetic nephropathy, and scleroderma renal crisis.
3. Common adverse effects of ACEIs include hypotension, cough, and hyperkalemia. ACEIs are contraindicated in pregnancy and bilateral renal artery stenosis due to risks of hypotension, renal failure, and fetal complications.
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This document provides an overview of the renin angiotensin system (RAS) and its applications. It discusses the history and components of the RAS, including renin, angiotensinogen, angiotensin peptides, and angiotensin receptors. It also summarizes the effects of the RAS and drugs that act on it, such as ACE inhibitors, ARBs, direct renin inhibitors, and aldosterone antagonists. The document provides details on the mechanisms, pharmacokinetics, uses, and side effects of these drug classes for conditions like hypertension, heart failure, and diabetic nephropathy.
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This document summarizes different classes of antihypertensive drugs and their mechanisms of action. It discusses:
1) Diuretics like thiazides and loop diuretics which decrease blood volume and cardiac output.
2) ACE inhibitors and ARBs which inhibit the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system to reduce vasoconstriction and sodium retention.
3) Calcium channel blockers which relax blood vessels by blocking calcium channels.
Each class is described along with examples, mechanisms, and potential adverse effects. The document provides an overview of the major pharmacological approaches for treating hypertension.
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The patient in option c) would most likely be treated with an ACE inhibitor. ACE inhibitors are commonly used to treat hypertension in diabetics to help preserve renal function and reduce cardiovascular risk. Option a) would not be treated during pregnancy due to risk of fetal injury. Option b) has multiple issues including renal failure where ACE inhibitors could further impair renal function. Option d) has septic shock where ACE inhibitors could worsen hypotension.
The lab value in option b) of potassium 5.6 would be a contraindication for taking an ACE inhibitor as it could cause potentially fatal hyperkalemia by inhibiting aldosterone. Options a), c), and d) have normal or non-concerning lab values.
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This document discusses angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, which are a class of drugs used to treat hypertension and other cardiovascular conditions. It first provides background on hypertension and its classification. It then explains that ACE is responsible for converting angiotensin I to the potent vasoconstrictor angiotensin II, and for breaking down bradykinin. ACE inhibitors work by decreasing angiotensin II production and increasing bradykinin levels, resulting in vasodilation. Common ACE inhibitors listed include captopril, enalapril, and lisinopril. The document notes ACE inhibitors are used to treat hypertension, heart failure, myocardial infarction, and diabetic neuropathy,
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Dr. Jibachha Sah,M.V.Sc( Veterinary pharmacology, TU,Nepal),posted lecturer notes on AUTONOMIC AND SYSTEMIC PHARMACOLOGY for B.V.Sc & A.H. 6 th semester veterinary students of College of veterinary science,Nepal Polytechnique Institute, Bharatpur, Bhojard, Chitwan, Nepal.I hope this lecture notes may be beneficial for other Nepalese veterinary students. Please send your comment and suggestion .Email:jibachhashah@gmail.com,moble,00977-9845024121
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The document summarizes the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), which regulates blood pressure and fluid balance. It describes the key components - renin, angiotensinogen, angiotensin I, angiotensin II, and aldosterone - and their interactions. It also discusses laboratory tests for renin, aldosterone, and angiotensin II levels that can help diagnose conditions like primary aldosteronism.
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This document discusses various classes of antihypertensive agents, including diuretics, beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, and direct arterial vasodilators. It provides details on the mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and contraindications of each class. The document was submitted by a pharmacy student as an assignment on antihypertensive agents.
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This document discusses various classes of antihypertensive agents including: diuretics, beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, and direct arterial vasodilators. It provides details on the mechanisms of action, indications, side effects and contraindications of each class. The document was submitted by Md.Moshiur Rahman from Gono Bishwabidyalay as an assignment on antihypertensive agents to his lecturer Mst. Rozina Parul.
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2. ACEIs are used to treat hypertension, congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, diabetic nephropathy, and scleroderma renal crisis.
3. Common adverse effects of ACEIs include hypotension, cough, and hyperkalemia. ACEIs are contraindicated in pregnancy and bilateral renal artery stenosis due to risks of hypotension, renal failure, and fetal complications.
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This document provides an overview of the renin angiotensin system (RAS) and its applications. It discusses the history and components of the RAS, including renin, angiotensinogen, angiotensin peptides, and angiotensin receptors. It also summarizes the effects of the RAS and drugs that act on it, such as ACE inhibitors, ARBs, direct renin inhibitors, and aldosterone antagonists. The document provides details on the mechanisms, pharmacokinetics, uses, and side effects of these drug classes for conditions like hypertension, heart failure, and diabetic nephropathy.
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The document summarizes the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and its significance. It discusses the key discoveries in RAAS including the identification of renin, angiotensinogen, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), and aldosterone. It then describes the components and functions of the RAAS pathway and how drugs like ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, and aldosterone antagonists can modulate this system to treat conditions like hypertension and heart failure.
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This document summarizes different classes of antihypertensive drugs and their mechanisms of action. It discusses:
1) Diuretics like thiazides and loop diuretics which decrease blood volume and cardiac output.
2) ACE inhibitors and ARBs which inhibit the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system to reduce vasoconstriction and sodium retention.
3) Calcium channel blockers which relax blood vessels by blocking calcium channels.
Each class is described along with examples, mechanisms, and potential adverse effects. The document provides an overview of the major pharmacological approaches for treating hypertension.
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The patient in option c) would most likely be treated with an ACE inhibitor. ACE inhibitors are commonly used to treat hypertension in diabetics to help preserve renal function and reduce cardiovascular risk. Option a) would not be treated during pregnancy due to risk of fetal injury. Option b) has multiple issues including renal failure where ACE inhibitors could further impair renal function. Option d) has septic shock where ACE inhibitors could worsen hypotension.
The lab value in option b) of potassium 5.6 would be a contraindication for taking an ACE inhibitor as it could cause potentially fatal hyperkalemia by inhibiting aldosterone. Options a), c), and d) have normal or non-concerning lab values.
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This document discusses angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, which are a class of drugs used to treat hypertension and other cardiovascular conditions. It first provides background on hypertension and its classification. It then explains that ACE is responsible for converting angiotensin I to the potent vasoconstrictor angiotensin II, and for breaking down bradykinin. ACE inhibitors work by decreasing angiotensin II production and increasing bradykinin levels, resulting in vasodilation. Common ACE inhibitors listed include captopril, enalapril, and lisinopril. The document notes ACE inhibitors are used to treat hypertension, heart failure, myocardial infarction, and diabetic neuropathy,
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This document provides an overview of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), including its history, components, functions, and inhibitors. It describes renin, angiotensinogen, angiotensin-converting enzyme, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, local RAS, and alternative pathways for angiotensin biosynthesis. It also discusses the main effects of angiotensin II and therapeutic uses, mechanisms of action, pharmacology, and adverse effects of ACE inhibitors, ARBs, and the direct renin inhibitor aliskiren.
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This document provides an overview of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, including their indications, mechanisms of action, and evidence of effectiveness. ACE inhibitors are used to treat hypertension, congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, diabetes, proteinuria, and other conditions. They work by inhibiting the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Clinical trials have shown that ACE inhibitors reduce blood pressure, prevent complications of heart failure and diabetes, and slow the progression of kidney disease. Common ACE inhibitors discussed include captopril, enalapril, lisinopril, and fosinopril.
Antihypertensives
This document summarizes several classes of antihypertensive medications used to treat high blood pressure. It describes ACE inhibitors which work by inhibiting the angiotensin converting enzyme and decreasing production of angiotensin II, a chemical that causes blood vessel constriction. Beta blockers prevent stimulation of receptors responsible for increased heart rate and cardiac output. Angiotensin II receptor blockers block the action of angiotensin II to prevent constriction of blood vessels. Calcium channel blockers relax blood vessels and reduce workload on the heart. Thiazide diuretics increase sodium excretion to reduce fluid retention. Alpha blockers relax muscles in blood vessel walls to dilate vessels and increase blood flow.
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The document discusses angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) and their use in treating conditions like hypertension, heart failure, and myocardial infarction. It begins by outlining the concept of myocardial infarction and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). It then explains how ARBs work by blocking the angiotensin II type 1 receptor to reduce blood pressure by causing vasodilation, lowering aldosterone and vasopressin levels. The document covers the indications, contraindications, side effects and interactions of ARBs.
Vasodilators and antihypertensive agents-Dr.Jibachha Sah,M.V.Sc,Lecturer
Dr. Jibachha Sah,M.V.Sc( Veterinary pharmacology, TU,Nepal),posted lecturer notes on AUTONOMIC AND SYSTEMIC PHARMACOLOGY for B.V.Sc & A.H. 6 th semester veterinary students of College of veterinary science,Nepal Polytechnique Institute, Bharatpur, Bhojard, Chitwan, Nepal.I hope this lecture notes may be beneficial for other Nepalese veterinary students. Please send your comment and suggestion .Email:jibachhashah@gmail.com,moble,00977-9845024121
Drugs affecting the cardiovascular system
This document summarizes drugs used to treat cardiovascular conditions like angina pectoris and hypertension. It discusses the types of drugs used, including organic nitrates, calcium channel blockers, beta blockers, statins to lower cholesterol, anticoagulants like heparin and warfarin, and antiplatelet drugs like aspirin. The document provides details on the mechanisms of these drug classes and guidance on their administration and appropriate combinations.
Vasodilators and vasoconstrictors
Vasoactive drugs act on vascular smooth muscle to cause vasoconstriction or vasodilation. Vasoconstrictors such as endothelin, angiotensin II, and ADH cause contraction through increasing calcium levels or sensitivity. Vasodilators such as calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors, and nitrates cause relaxation through decreasing calcium, increasing cGMP/cAMP, or inhibiting phosphodiesterases. The vascular endothelium releases various mediators like prostanoids, nitric oxide, and C-type natriuretic peptide that regulate vascular tone. RAAS activation leads to vasoconstriction and sodium retention through angiotensin II, while drugs blocking RAAS cause indirect vasodilation.
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Directly acting vasodilators
Directly acting vasodilators include oral and parenteral drugs that act to dilate arteries and veins. Oral vasodilators include hydralazine and minoxidil which increase blood pressure by activating the renin-angiotensin system and sympathetic nervous system. Parenteral vasodilators such as sodium nitroprusside are used for hypertensive emergencies and directly cause vasodilation. These vasodilators are often used with beta blockers and diuretics to prevent reflex tachycardia and fluid retention respectively. Common side effects include headache, flushing, and tachycardia due to increased sympathetic activity.
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The document summarizes the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), which regulates blood pressure and fluid balance. It describes the key components - renin, angiotensinogen, angiotensin I, angiotensin II, and aldosterone - and their interactions. It also discusses laboratory tests for renin, aldosterone, and angiotensin II levels that can help diagnose conditions like primary aldosteronism.
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The document provides an overview of the cardiovascular system and drugs that affect it. It discusses the anatomy and physiology of the heart and circulation. It then explains different classes of drugs used to treat hypertension, arrhythmias, angina, hyperlipidemia, and blood clotting disorders. These include diuretics, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors, anticoagulants, and antiplatelet drugs.
L19b. antihypertension
This document discusses mechanisms of blood pressure regulation and treatment of hypertension. It covers the following key points:
1. Blood pressure is regulated by factors like cardiac output, peripheral resistance, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and sympathetic nervous system activity.
2. Antihypertensive drug classes discussed include diuretics, beta blockers, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, calcium channel blockers, and alpha blockers.
3. Treatment involves lifestyle modifications as well as pharmacologic therapy. The goals are to lower blood pressure and protect target organs like the heart, brain, kidneys, and eyes from long-term damage.
Antihypertensive agents
This document discusses antihypertensive agents used to treat hypertension. It begins by defining hypertension as blood pressure above 140/90 mmHg. It then discusses the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone pathway which controls blood pressure. Various classes of antihypertensive agents are described, including beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, and diuretics. Specific drugs from each class are provided along with their mechanisms and uses for treating hypertension. The mechanisms of action are summarized for each drug class, such as how beta-blockers work by blocking epinephrine to slow the heart rate and lower blood pressure.
Cardiovascular Drugs
This document summarizes various classes of cardiovascular drugs used to treat conditions like hypertension, angina, heart failure, and arrhythmias. It describes the mechanisms and clinical uses of diuretics, beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, alpha blockers, vasodilators, and other antihypertensive drugs. Adverse effects are also listed for each class. The document provides an overview of drug treatment approaches for different cardiovascular diseases and emergencies.
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Ace inhibitors hf
- 1. Presented by: Bethany Steely, BSN, RN, CCRN MSNE 5356 ACE Inhibitors for the Treatment of Heart Failure
- 2. Types of Heart Failure • Systolic Failure • Diastolic Failure • Decreased ventricular Ejection Fraction Major Elements • Preload • Afterload • Contractility Compensatory Mechanisms • Frank-Starling • SNS • RAAS • Natriuretic peptides • Endothelins • Inflammatory mediators • Myocardial hypertrophy & remodeling
- 3. Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System Activated when kidneys have a reduced blood flow and decreased GFR Increase circulation of Angiotensin II Excessive vasoconstriction Stimulates Aldosterone Ventricular dilation and increased wall tension
- 4. ACE INHIBITORS “Lisinopril” Inhibits RAAS Renin Angiotensin I Angiotensin II (vasoconstriction) Aldosterone (salt and water retention, potassium excretion) Inhibits degradation of bradykinin Increases vasodilating prostaglandins PRELOAD AFTERLOAD CARDIAC INDEX EJECTION FRACTION
- 5. Potential Interactions Entresto • Wean and discontinue lisinopril for 24 hours • Increased risk for angioedema
- 6. Side Effects Adverse Drug Reactions • Cough • Angioedema • Hypotension • Hyperkalemia
- 7. Pharmacokinetics Absorption GI tract Distribution Onset of action- 1 hour Peak- 6 hours Duration- 24 hours Metabolism Not metabolized Excretion Urine
- 8. Drug Binding Issues Lisinopril and Aspirin Rifampin ACE inhibitors block the degradation of bradykinin Bradykinin stimulates vasodilating prostaglandins by the COX pathway Aspirin inhibits the COX pathway Potent cytochrome P450 inducer Decreased effects by ~30%
- 9. • Once a day dosing • Increase medication compliance Assess for and report Adverse Reactions • Hyperkalemia • Angioedema • Hypotension • Ask about pregnancy or lactation • Assess what other medications are being used Improving Communication
- 10. Synthesis into Practice Communication with the interdisciplinary team Assess medications being used Assess adverse reactions Angioedema is a medical emergency Assess for acute kidney injury and electrolyte imbalances Once daily dosing Contraindicated in Pregnancy and lactating women