This document provides an overview of accounting procedures for non-profit organizations. It discusses the key financial statements prepared by non-profits, including the receipts and payments account, income and expenditure account, and balance sheet. It describes how items like donations, subscriptions, and assets are treated in each statement. Examples of each type of financial statement are also provided.
Non-profit organizations are formed by promoters to provide social services and activities that enhance public welfare, not to earn profits. They have separate legal identities from their members and trustees manage them. Non-profits prepare annual financial statements including a receipts and payments account showing cash flows, an income and expenditure account in place of a profit and loss statement, and a balance sheet showing assets, liabilities, and capital at a given date. Their main sources of funding are donations and government grants.
Accounting for Non Profit Organization Class 12- Part 1Aarti Kudhail
This document provides an overview of accounting for non-profit organizations. It defines non-profits as organizations that operate for charitable purposes rather than profit. It outlines the key financial statements used by non-profits, including the receipts and payments account, income and expenditure account, and balance sheet. It provides examples of how to prepare these statements, noting differences in terminology for non-profits compared to for-profit businesses. Specific accounting treatments are discussed for items like fixed assets, prepaid expenses, and the capital fund.
This document provides information about accounting for non-profit organizations. It defines non-profits as entities that do not trade but rather provide services to members and society. Key features noted include the objective to provide services not earn profit, the use of a cashbook to record transactions, and preparation of receipts and payments, income and expenditure, and balance sheet statements. The receipts and payments statement is described as a summary of the cashbook that classifies receipts and payments without distinguishing between capital and revenue items.
The document provides information about financial statements of not-for-profit organizations. It discusses the key components of their financial statements which include a receipts and payments account, income and expenditure account, and balance sheet. It explains items that appear on each financial statement such as subscriptions, donations, depreciation, capital and revenue expenditures. It also differentiates between general funds and specific funds maintained by not-for-profit organizations.
Ledger in financial accounting (11th commerce)Yamini Kahaliya
This presentation is on ledger which is the topic of financial accounting. it contents details about following points. There are:-
1. Meaning of ledger
2. Need & Importance of ledger
3. Advantage of Ledger
4. Difference b/w Journal & ledger
5. Format of ledger
6. Rules of posting
7. Illustrations
8. Exercise
This document introduces the key financial statements prepared at the end of an accounting period: the trading account, profit and loss account, and balance sheet. It explains that the trial balance is prepared first using debit and credit columns to show asset/expense and liability/income balances. The trading account calculates gross profit by subtracting the cost of goods sold from net sales. The profit and loss account then calculates net profit by subtracting total expenses from total profits including gross profit and other income. Finally, the balance sheet presents the financial position by showing assets, liabilities, and capital/net assets.
The document discusses trial balance, which is a statement that lists the debit and credit balances of ledger accounts to test the arithmetical accuracy of accounting books. A trial balance has certain features, such as being prepared on a specific date and including all ledger accounts. It also discusses the purpose of a trial balance, which is to test accuracy, provide a summary of ledger account balances, and serve as the basis for preparing final financial statements. The document outlines different methods for preparing a trial balance and provides examples of common account adjustments that are made, such as for closing stock, depreciation, outstanding expenses, and prepaid expenses.
This document provides an introduction to the concepts of accounting. It defines accounting as a system that collects and processes financial information to allow informed decisions by users. It discusses the need for accounting to determine results of business transactions and the financial position. It outlines the key functions of accounting like identifying, recording, classifying, summarizing, analyzing, interpreting and communicating financial information. It also discusses the accounting cycle and different branches and users of accounting information. Finally, it provides definitions of some basic accounting terms.
Non-profit organizations are formed by promoters to provide social services and activities that enhance public welfare, not to earn profits. They have separate legal identities from their members and trustees manage them. Non-profits prepare annual financial statements including a receipts and payments account showing cash flows, an income and expenditure account in place of a profit and loss statement, and a balance sheet showing assets, liabilities, and capital at a given date. Their main sources of funding are donations and government grants.
Accounting for Non Profit Organization Class 12- Part 1Aarti Kudhail
This document provides an overview of accounting for non-profit organizations. It defines non-profits as organizations that operate for charitable purposes rather than profit. It outlines the key financial statements used by non-profits, including the receipts and payments account, income and expenditure account, and balance sheet. It provides examples of how to prepare these statements, noting differences in terminology for non-profits compared to for-profit businesses. Specific accounting treatments are discussed for items like fixed assets, prepaid expenses, and the capital fund.
This document provides information about accounting for non-profit organizations. It defines non-profits as entities that do not trade but rather provide services to members and society. Key features noted include the objective to provide services not earn profit, the use of a cashbook to record transactions, and preparation of receipts and payments, income and expenditure, and balance sheet statements. The receipts and payments statement is described as a summary of the cashbook that classifies receipts and payments without distinguishing between capital and revenue items.
The document provides information about financial statements of not-for-profit organizations. It discusses the key components of their financial statements which include a receipts and payments account, income and expenditure account, and balance sheet. It explains items that appear on each financial statement such as subscriptions, donations, depreciation, capital and revenue expenditures. It also differentiates between general funds and specific funds maintained by not-for-profit organizations.
Ledger in financial accounting (11th commerce)Yamini Kahaliya
This presentation is on ledger which is the topic of financial accounting. it contents details about following points. There are:-
1. Meaning of ledger
2. Need & Importance of ledger
3. Advantage of Ledger
4. Difference b/w Journal & ledger
5. Format of ledger
6. Rules of posting
7. Illustrations
8. Exercise
This document introduces the key financial statements prepared at the end of an accounting period: the trading account, profit and loss account, and balance sheet. It explains that the trial balance is prepared first using debit and credit columns to show asset/expense and liability/income balances. The trading account calculates gross profit by subtracting the cost of goods sold from net sales. The profit and loss account then calculates net profit by subtracting total expenses from total profits including gross profit and other income. Finally, the balance sheet presents the financial position by showing assets, liabilities, and capital/net assets.
The document discusses trial balance, which is a statement that lists the debit and credit balances of ledger accounts to test the arithmetical accuracy of accounting books. A trial balance has certain features, such as being prepared on a specific date and including all ledger accounts. It also discusses the purpose of a trial balance, which is to test accuracy, provide a summary of ledger account balances, and serve as the basis for preparing final financial statements. The document outlines different methods for preparing a trial balance and provides examples of common account adjustments that are made, such as for closing stock, depreciation, outstanding expenses, and prepaid expenses.
This document provides an introduction to the concepts of accounting. It defines accounting as a system that collects and processes financial information to allow informed decisions by users. It discusses the need for accounting to determine results of business transactions and the financial position. It outlines the key functions of accounting like identifying, recording, classifying, summarizing, analyzing, interpreting and communicating financial information. It also discusses the accounting cycle and different branches and users of accounting information. Finally, it provides definitions of some basic accounting terms.
Here is the bank reconciliation statement presented to show the overdraft balance:
- Begin with the overdraft balance per the cash book
- Add any items that increase the overdraft
- Deduct any items that decrease the overdraft
- End with the overdraft balance per the bank statement
This presentation clearly shows the bank overdraft position.
This document discusses key concepts in accounting, including the double-entry system, T-accounts, journal entries, posting transactions, closing revenue and expense accounts, preparing trial balances, and correcting errors. It also covers how computers have transformed accounting data processing.
Bookkeeping means systematic recording of day-to-day activities such as financial transactions and expense accrual for a business. The company needs to track such details for making well operational decisions.
- The document discusses key steps in the accounting process including preparing trial balance, final accounts (trading account, profit & loss account, balance sheet), and various adjustments needed for the financial statements.
- It provides examples and explanations of key final account components like trading account, profit & loss account, balance sheet, and adjustments for closing stock, outstanding expenses, prepaid expenses, accrued income, and more.
- The purpose is to explain how to close accounts and prepare final financial statements that show the profit/loss for the period and current financial position.
This document provides information about final accounts or financial statements prepared at the end of an accounting period. It includes an income statement (also called a profit and loss account) and a position statement (also called a balance sheet). The document discusses the trading account, which is the first part of the income statement and is used to calculate gross profit or loss from trading activities. It provides the format of a trading account and explains the items shown on the debit and credit sides, including opening and closing stock, purchases, sales, expenses, and gross profit or loss. Examples are provided to illustrate the calculation of cost of goods sold and gross profit from the trading account information.
There are several methods to value goodwill:
1. Average Profits Method - Goodwill is calculated as the average profits of past years multiplied by the agreed number of years of purchase.
2. Super Profits Method - Goodwill is calculated as the super profits (profits above normal rate of return) multiplied by the agreed number of years of purchase.
3. Capitalization Method - Goodwill is calculated by capitalizing the average or super profits at the normal rate of return.
4. Annuity Method - Under this method, super profits are discounted using an annuity factor to calculate the present value of goodwill.
Humans can make unintentional errors, but in Accounting, there is an option to make a Rectification entry for the errors.
Some errors affect the Trial Balance, some not
Rectification of errors depends on the timing of its detection:
1.Errors detected before preparation of Trial Balance are corrected by
"Writing a Narration" for Single Sided Errors &
" Rectified entry for Double Sided Error"
2. Errors detected after Trial Balance : by
" Opening Suspense A/C for Single Sided Errors"
" Rectification Entry"
3. Errors detected in Next accounting period :
Through P&L Adjustment Accounts
Both the chapters journal and ledger along with the accounting cycle is resent in the PPT with their formats. It makes the learning of the chapters easy for an accountancy student.
This presentation is based on the subject Financial Accounting which helps the beginners to know the basic concept of accounting . This is according to the syllabus of Pt. Ravishankar University , Raipur and Durg University, Durg.
A trial balance is a bookkeeping worksheet that compiles the debit and credit balances of all general ledger accounts. It is prepared periodically, usually at the end of a reporting period, to check that the mathematical totals of debits and credits in the general ledger are equal. It acts as the first step in preparing financial statements and ensures account balances are accurately extracted from ledgers. While a trial balance verifies arithmetic accuracy, some errors may remain undetected if offsetting incorrect debits and credits are made.
This document discusses different methods for accounting for branch operations in the books of the head office, including the debtor system, final account system, and stock and debtors system. The debtor system records branch transactions through a branch account in the head office books. The final account system determines branch profit/loss through a branch trading and profit/loss account. The stock and debtors system provides more detailed information on branch assets, liabilities, debtors, and inventory movements.
clubs & societies : final accounts of non - profit organisationsSanjaya Jayasundara
- The document provides information about accounting for clubs and societies, including preparing receipts and payments accounts, income statements for trading activities, subscriptions accounts, income and expenditure accounts, and statements of financial position.
- It includes examples of preparing these accounts for a fictional sports club called the SSS Sports Club, which has members' subscriptions as its main source of income and also runs a shop selling sportswear.
- Key terms discussed include accumulated fund, which is equivalent to capital for non-profit organizations, and how profits/losses from trading activities are treated differently than in a normal business.
This document defines key concepts related to ledgers. It begins with defining a ledger as a summary of all transactions relating to an account over a period of time, showing the net effect. It then provides a flow chart and discusses the utilities of ledgers, including providing quick information on accounts, controlling transactions, preparing trial balances and financial statements. The document also covers the format of ledger accounts, the distinction between journals and ledgers, and the procedures for posting transactions to ledgers, including opening entries, compound entries, and balancing accounts.
Ratios are used to analyze various aspects of a business's performance including liquidity, shareholders returns, efficiency, and profitability. Key ratios discussed include the current ratio and acid test ratio for liquidity, dividends per share and dividend yield for shareholders, gearing and asset turnover for efficiency, and gross profit margin, net profit margin, and return on capital employed for profitability. Limitations of ratio analysis include the need to compare ratios over time, between companies, and across industries to fully understand a business's performance.
The document discusses different types of financial statements used by non-profit organizations. It provides examples of receipts and payments accounts, which summarize cash received and paid, and are used by small charities with no assets or liabilities other than cash. Larger non-profits use income and expenditure accounts, which are similar to trading and profit/loss accounts but show a surplus or deficit rather than a profit or loss. The document also gives an example of preparing an income and expenditure account and balance sheet for a golf club.
- Not-for-profit organizations are established for charitable or social purposes, not to earn profits. They provide services to members and society on a voluntary basis.
- They prepare key financial statements including a Receipts and Payments Account, Income and Expenditure Account, and Balance Sheet. The Receipts and Payments Account records all cash receipts and payments regardless of period. The Income and Expenditure Account is prepared on an accrual basis and shows the surplus or deficit which is transferred to the Capital Fund on the Balance Sheet.
Here is the bank reconciliation statement presented to show the overdraft balance:
- Begin with the overdraft balance per the cash book
- Add any items that increase the overdraft
- Deduct any items that decrease the overdraft
- End with the overdraft balance per the bank statement
This presentation clearly shows the bank overdraft position.
This document discusses key concepts in accounting, including the double-entry system, T-accounts, journal entries, posting transactions, closing revenue and expense accounts, preparing trial balances, and correcting errors. It also covers how computers have transformed accounting data processing.
Bookkeeping means systematic recording of day-to-day activities such as financial transactions and expense accrual for a business. The company needs to track such details for making well operational decisions.
- The document discusses key steps in the accounting process including preparing trial balance, final accounts (trading account, profit & loss account, balance sheet), and various adjustments needed for the financial statements.
- It provides examples and explanations of key final account components like trading account, profit & loss account, balance sheet, and adjustments for closing stock, outstanding expenses, prepaid expenses, accrued income, and more.
- The purpose is to explain how to close accounts and prepare final financial statements that show the profit/loss for the period and current financial position.
This document provides information about final accounts or financial statements prepared at the end of an accounting period. It includes an income statement (also called a profit and loss account) and a position statement (also called a balance sheet). The document discusses the trading account, which is the first part of the income statement and is used to calculate gross profit or loss from trading activities. It provides the format of a trading account and explains the items shown on the debit and credit sides, including opening and closing stock, purchases, sales, expenses, and gross profit or loss. Examples are provided to illustrate the calculation of cost of goods sold and gross profit from the trading account information.
There are several methods to value goodwill:
1. Average Profits Method - Goodwill is calculated as the average profits of past years multiplied by the agreed number of years of purchase.
2. Super Profits Method - Goodwill is calculated as the super profits (profits above normal rate of return) multiplied by the agreed number of years of purchase.
3. Capitalization Method - Goodwill is calculated by capitalizing the average or super profits at the normal rate of return.
4. Annuity Method - Under this method, super profits are discounted using an annuity factor to calculate the present value of goodwill.
Humans can make unintentional errors, but in Accounting, there is an option to make a Rectification entry for the errors.
Some errors affect the Trial Balance, some not
Rectification of errors depends on the timing of its detection:
1.Errors detected before preparation of Trial Balance are corrected by
"Writing a Narration" for Single Sided Errors &
" Rectified entry for Double Sided Error"
2. Errors detected after Trial Balance : by
" Opening Suspense A/C for Single Sided Errors"
" Rectification Entry"
3. Errors detected in Next accounting period :
Through P&L Adjustment Accounts
Both the chapters journal and ledger along with the accounting cycle is resent in the PPT with their formats. It makes the learning of the chapters easy for an accountancy student.
This presentation is based on the subject Financial Accounting which helps the beginners to know the basic concept of accounting . This is according to the syllabus of Pt. Ravishankar University , Raipur and Durg University, Durg.
A trial balance is a bookkeeping worksheet that compiles the debit and credit balances of all general ledger accounts. It is prepared periodically, usually at the end of a reporting period, to check that the mathematical totals of debits and credits in the general ledger are equal. It acts as the first step in preparing financial statements and ensures account balances are accurately extracted from ledgers. While a trial balance verifies arithmetic accuracy, some errors may remain undetected if offsetting incorrect debits and credits are made.
This document discusses different methods for accounting for branch operations in the books of the head office, including the debtor system, final account system, and stock and debtors system. The debtor system records branch transactions through a branch account in the head office books. The final account system determines branch profit/loss through a branch trading and profit/loss account. The stock and debtors system provides more detailed information on branch assets, liabilities, debtors, and inventory movements.
clubs & societies : final accounts of non - profit organisationsSanjaya Jayasundara
- The document provides information about accounting for clubs and societies, including preparing receipts and payments accounts, income statements for trading activities, subscriptions accounts, income and expenditure accounts, and statements of financial position.
- It includes examples of preparing these accounts for a fictional sports club called the SSS Sports Club, which has members' subscriptions as its main source of income and also runs a shop selling sportswear.
- Key terms discussed include accumulated fund, which is equivalent to capital for non-profit organizations, and how profits/losses from trading activities are treated differently than in a normal business.
This document defines key concepts related to ledgers. It begins with defining a ledger as a summary of all transactions relating to an account over a period of time, showing the net effect. It then provides a flow chart and discusses the utilities of ledgers, including providing quick information on accounts, controlling transactions, preparing trial balances and financial statements. The document also covers the format of ledger accounts, the distinction between journals and ledgers, and the procedures for posting transactions to ledgers, including opening entries, compound entries, and balancing accounts.
Ratios are used to analyze various aspects of a business's performance including liquidity, shareholders returns, efficiency, and profitability. Key ratios discussed include the current ratio and acid test ratio for liquidity, dividends per share and dividend yield for shareholders, gearing and asset turnover for efficiency, and gross profit margin, net profit margin, and return on capital employed for profitability. Limitations of ratio analysis include the need to compare ratios over time, between companies, and across industries to fully understand a business's performance.
The document discusses different types of financial statements used by non-profit organizations. It provides examples of receipts and payments accounts, which summarize cash received and paid, and are used by small charities with no assets or liabilities other than cash. Larger non-profits use income and expenditure accounts, which are similar to trading and profit/loss accounts but show a surplus or deficit rather than a profit or loss. The document also gives an example of preparing an income and expenditure account and balance sheet for a golf club.
- Not-for-profit organizations are established for charitable or social purposes, not to earn profits. They provide services to members and society on a voluntary basis.
- They prepare key financial statements including a Receipts and Payments Account, Income and Expenditure Account, and Balance Sheet. The Receipts and Payments Account records all cash receipts and payments regardless of period. The Income and Expenditure Account is prepared on an accrual basis and shows the surplus or deficit which is transferred to the Capital Fund on the Balance Sheet.
Fund flow statement for BBa,B.com and BBA aviationparimalas3
Fixed expenses decrease as production increases and increase as production decreases. Marginal costing is also known as variable costing or direct costing. While computing profit in marginal costing, total marginal cost is deducted from total sales revenue. R&D budgets and capital expenditure budgets are examples of long-term budgets. The statement of changes in working capital is prepared as part of the process of funds flow analysis. Sources of funds include the conversion of loans or debentures into shares. The break-even point is the level of sales where total sales equal total fixed costs. Using the equation method, break-even point is calculated as sales equal to variable expenses plus fixed expenses. Given a selling price of Rs 20 per unit and
The document discusses key concepts in accounting and bookkeeping. It defines accounting as the recording, classifying, and summarizing of financial transactions and events to assess the results of operations and financial position of a business. Bookkeeping is described as merely recording transactions in books and ledgers, while accountancy provides compiled accounts to understand the state of business affairs. Key accounting concepts discussed include cost, money measurement, business entity, realization, and double entry principles.
What are the practical difficulties faced by NGOs while applying for tax exemptions? What are the caution points to avoid their withdrawal? Why do donors or NGOs need to put internal controls in place? What are the types of fund raising and the checklist that must be answered before accepting a donation? What is funding mix? How to combat the difficulties faced by NGOs during fund raising?
How to prepare budgets and what are the check points that make budgets an effective reporting tool?
Get all your queries answered.
The document contains questions and answers related to accounting concepts and transactions. It discusses entries for bad debts, depreciation, journal entries for salary payments and adjustments, differences between accounts receivable and payable, accrued interest, and the treatment of investments in the financial statements. It also addresses preliminary expenses, types of invoices, the order of assets in the balance sheet, central and state excise duties, and the effect of bad debts and destroyed assets on the balance sheet.
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Company accounts provide a summary of a company's financial activities over a 12-month period. They consist of three key statements: the balance sheet, which provides a snapshot of the company's assets, liabilities and equity at a point in time; the profit and loss statement, which records revenues and expenses over the period; and the cash flow statement, which shows cash inflows and outflows from operating, investing and financing activities. Company accounts are prepared annually for regulatory bodies and give an overview of the company's financial performance and position.
The document is a financial plan prepared by Eduardo Vargas, a financial planner at Investza, for clients Mr. and Mrs. Wilkinson. It includes a net worth statement, annual cash flow statement, analysis of assets and liabilities, annual living expenses, and financial ratios for the Wilkinsons. The financial plan was commissioned to help the Wilkinsons achieve their financial goals through retirement planning, debt management, and investment strategies.
This document provides an overview of Chapter 8 which covers statement of cash flows. It defines operating, investing and financing activities and provides examples of cash flows for each. It discusses the purposes of the cash flow statement and the direct and indirect methods for reporting cash flows from operating activities. The document also covers the treatment of special items like foreign currency cash flows, interest and dividends, taxes and non-cash transactions.
Accounting For Non-Profit Organization.pptxZawarali786
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اگر آپ تعلیمی نیوز، رجسٹریشن، داخلہ، ڈیٹ شیٹ، رزلٹ، اسائنمنٹ،جابز اور باقی تمام اپ ڈیٹس اپنے موبائل پر فری حاصل کرنا چاہتے ہیں ۔تو نیچے دیے گئے واٹس ایپ نمبرکو اپنے موبائل میں سیو کرکے اپنا نام لکھ کر واٹس ایپ کر دیں۔ سٹیٹس روزانہ لازمی چیک کریں۔
نوٹ : اس کے علاوہ تمام یونیورسٹیز کے آن لائن داخلے بھجوانے اور جابز کے لیے آن لائن اپلائی کروانے کے لیے رابطہ کریں۔
This document defines disbursements as expenses incurred by a law office on behalf of clients. It explains that disbursements must be properly recorded in disbursement ledgers, journals, and fee books for accounting purposes and to comply with law society audits. Effective disbursement management, whether using software or manual records, is important for recovering expenses from clients and ensuring profit margins.
This document discusses key accounting concepts related to profit and loss, including:
- Profit and loss account which shows net profit or loss over a period
- Profit and loss appropriation account which shows how net profit is distributed
- Reserve for bad debts which is set aside to offset losses from future loan defaults
- Provision for bad debts which is the estimated amount of bad debt from receivables not yet collected
There are differences between reserves and provisions - reserves are appropriations of profit while provisions are charges on profits.
This document provides an overview of managerial accounting basics, including:
- Definitions of accounting as collecting, summarizing, analyzing, and reporting financial information about business transactions.
- An overview of the history of accounting tracing back thousands of years, and how the modern system originated in 1494 in Italy.
- Descriptions of the different types of accounts used in accounting like personal, real, and nominal accounts.
- The accounting cycle and key financial statements including the trial balance, trading account, profit and loss statement, and balance sheet.
- The uses of accounting information for business owners and outsiders.
This document provides an overview of advanced nonprofit accounting topics according to ASC 958 standards, including complex contribution agreements, endowment accounting, split-interest agreements, donated goods and services, and forward currency contracts. Specific examples are given of stock donations to universities, superseded pledges, endowment required disclosures, and accounting entries for split-interest agreements. Donated goods, services, and the use of assets are also addressed. The purpose of forward currency contracts for nonprofits is explained through an example.
The document provides an overview of various types of bank deposits including individual accounts, joint accounts, accounts for sole proprietorships, partnerships, limited companies, clubs, trusts, and more. It discusses the key documents and information required for opening different types of accounts. It also covers topics like interest payment processes, nominee facilities, and procedures regarding deceased account holders.
This document discusses accounting for not-for-profit organizations. It explains that not-for-profits have service, rather than profit, as their main objective. They prepare key financial statements including a Receipt and Payment Account, Income and Expenditure Account, and Balance Sheet. The Receipt and Payment Account summarizes cash receipts and payments into different categories for the accounting period. It is used to prepare the Income and Expenditure Account and Balance Sheet.
This document discusses key concepts related to share-based compensation. It defines a share-based payment transaction as one where an entity receives goods or services in exchange for its equity instruments. Share-based awards are commonly used to compensate directors, executives, and employees. Key concepts covered include grant date, vesting conditions, vesting period, exercise date, and fair value. Share-based payments can be classified as either equity-settled or cash-settled based on whether the counterparty receives equity instruments or a cash amount equal to the equity's fair value.
The document discusses strategies for Crime Stoppers programs to generate funding and manage risks. It recommends partnering with local businesses and governments, developing membership programs, holding fundraising events, and seeking sponsorship of reward programs. However, it notes Crime Stoppers must manage risks like non-payment, fraud, potential criminal ties of partners, and improper use of their brand. Strong governance and risk management are essential to mitigate these risks.
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The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
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আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
2. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
❑ ARCHANA SABAT OF SKCG COLLEGE,
PARALAKHEMUNDI, Dist:- GAJAPATI,
ODISHA IS DECLARING THAT THIS
PRESENTATION ON NON- PROFIT
ORGANIZATION IS ENTIRELY MADE BY ME I
WOULD LIKE TO THANK MY SUBJECT
TEACHER MR.DHRUBA CHARAN SHETTY SIR
FOR GUIDING ME.
3. INTRODUCTION / MEANING
⮚A NOT-FOR-PROFIT ORGANIZATION IS ALSO KNOWN
AS NON PROFIT ORGANIZATION IS AN ORGANIZATION
SETUP TO RENDER SERVICES TO THE SOCIETY NOT
WITH THE AIM OF EARNING PROFIT.
⮚ IT IS A SEPARATE LEGAL ENTITY NOT OWNED BY AN
INDIVIDUAL OR AN ENTERPRISE .
⮚ THOUGH THE MAIN SOURCE OF INCOME OF SUCH
ORGANIZATIONS IS MEMBERSHIP, DONATIONS, AND
GRANTS ETC.
⮚AS THE MAIN AIM OF THESE ORGANIZATION IS NOT TO
EARN PROFIT, THEY DO NOT PREPARE TRADING AND
PROFIT AND LOSS ACCOUNT.
4. CONTD…
❖BUT STILL THEY HAVE TO MAINTAIN PROPER ACCOUNTS .
THIS IS ALSO A LEGAL REQUIREMENTS AND THEY WOULD
ALSO LIKE TO KNOW WHETHER THERE CURRENT
INCOMES ARE SUFFICIENT TO MEET THEIR CURRENT
INCOMES ARE SUFFICIENT TO MEET THEIR CURRENT
EXPENSES .
❖FOR THIS PURPOSE THEY PREPARE AN INCOME AND
EXPENDITURE ACCOUNT WHICH IS SIMILAR TO PROFIT
AND LOSS ACCOUNT OF PROFIT SEEKING ENTITY.
❖A BALANCE SHEET IS ALSO PREPARED IN ORDER TO
SHOW THE FINANCIAL POSITIONS OF THE ORGANIZATION
ON THE LAST DATE OF THE ACCOUNTING YEAR .
5. ACCOUNTING PROCEDURE OF
NOT-FOR-PROFIT ORGANIZATION
✔THE FINAL ACCOUNTS OF NOT FOR
PROFIT ORGANIZATION COMPRISE
OF:-
✔RECEIPTS AND PAYMENT ACCOUNT
✔INCOME AND EXPENDITURE
ACCOUNT
✔ BALANCE SHEET
6. RECEIPTS AND PAYMENT
ACCOUNT
⮚IT IS CLASSIFIED SUMMARY OF CASH BOOK CLASSIFYING
RECEIPT AND PAYMENT UNDER APPROPRIATE HEADS OF
ACCOUNT ALONG WITH CASH AND BANK BALANCES IN THE
BEGINNING AND AT THE END OF THE ACCOUNTING PERIOD .
⮚A FAIR IDEA CAN BE FORMED FROM THIS ACCOUNT ABOUT
THE CASH POSITION OF AN ORGANIZATION. IT IS MAINTAIN
ON CASH SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTING .
⮚IT DOES NOT SHOW EXPENSES AND INCOMES ON ACCRUAL
BASIS.
⮚IT IS A REAL ACCOUNT.
7. SPECIMEN RECEIPTS AND
PAYMENT ACCOUNT
Receipts Amt.. payments Amt..
To balance b/d :
Cash in hand
Cash in bank
Revenue receipts :
to subscription
To general donations
To sale of grass
Capital receipts :
To legacies
To bank loan
To entrance fee
Revenue payments
By salaries
By audit fee
By charities
Capital payments :
By furniture
By investments
By library books
By balance c/d :
Cash in hand
Cash in bank
Receipt And Payment Account for the year
ending..
Dr. Cr.
8. DISTINCTION BETWEEN RECEIPTS &
PAYMENT A/C AND CASH BOOK
BASIS OF
DIFFERENCE
1.NATURE OF CONCERN
2.CHROKNOLOGICAL
RECORDING
3.SUMMARY OF
TRANSACTIONS
4.HEAD-WISE
RECORDING
CASH BOOK
1.IT IS PREPARED BY
TRADING AND
MANUFACTURING CONCERNS
TO RECORD ALL CASH
TRANSACTION.
2.ALL CASH TRANSACTION
ARE RECORDED IN A DATE-
WISE.
3.ALL TRANSACTION ARE
RECORDED IN A DETAILED
MANNER AND NOT IN A
SUMMARIZED FORM.
4. THE CAPITAL AND REVENUE
ITEMS ARE RECORDED AS
AND WHEN RECEIVED OR
PAID.
RECEIPT &
PAYMENT A/C
1.IT IS PREPARED BY
NON-PROFIT
ORGANIZATION AND
PROFESSIONALS ONLY.
2.TRANSACTIONS ARE
NOT RECORDED DATE-
WISE IN THIS ACCOUNT.
3.IT IS BRIEF SUMMARY
OF CASH TRANSACTIONS
OF THE WHOLE YEAR
4.THE CAPITAL AND
REVENUE ITEMS ARE
RECORDED HEAD-WISE
9. INCOME AND EXPENDITURE ACCOUNT
❑IT IS A NOMINAL ACCOUNT. IT IS EQUIVALENT TO THE
PROFIT AND LOSS ACCOUNT OF A BUSINESS FIRM.
❑INCOMES ARE SHOWN ON THE CREDIT SIDE AND
EXPENSES ARE SHOWN IN DEBIT SIDE .
❑THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE TWO SIDES IS EITHER
SURPLUS OR DEFICIT. THE SURPLUS/DEFICIT AS A CASE
MAY BE, IS ADDED TO /DEDUCTED FROM THE CAPITAL
FUND.
❑IT IS PREPARED ON ACCRUAL BASIS OF ACCOUNTING
AND THUS ALL ADJUSTMENT RELATING TO PREPAID
OUTSTANDING EXPENSES AND INCOMES , PROVISION
FOR DEPRECIATION DEBT ARE MADE.
10. SPECIMEN OF INCOME AND EXPENDITURE
ACCOUNT
Expenditure Amt.. Income Amt..
To Salaries Of Wages
To Prize Awarded
To Postage And
Telegram
To Municipals Taxes
To Surplus (Excess Of
Income Over
Expenditure)
By Donation Received
By Entrance Received
By Rent Received
By Hire Of Ground
By Deficit ( Excess Of
Expenditure Over
Income)
Income And Expenditure Account For The Year
Ending ….
Dr. Cr.
11. DISTINCTION BETWEEN PROFIT & LOSS
A/C AND INCOME AND EXPENDITURE A/C.
BASIS OF
DIFFRENCE
1.NATURE OF CONCERN
2.PURPOSE
3.BASIS OF
PREPARATION
4.SHARING OF SURPLUS
PROFIT
INCOME
&EXPENDITUR
E A/C
1.IT IS PREPARED BY NON
TRADING ORGANIZATION
2.IT IS PREPARED TO
FIND OUT THE SURPLUS
OR DEFICIT
3. IT IS PREPARED FROM
RECEIPT AND PAYMENT
A/C AND ADDITIONAL
INFORMATION
4.SURPLUS IS ADDED TO
CAPITAL ANS NOT
WITHDRAWN FOR
PERSONAL USE.
PROFIT AND
LOSS A/C
1.IT IS PREPARED BY
TRADING OR
MANUFACTURING
CONCERN.
2. IT IS PREPARED TO FIND
OUT THE NET PROFIT OR
LOSS.
3. IT IS PREPARED FROM
TRIAL BALANCE AND
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
4. PROFIT IS SHARED
AMONG THE OWNERS AND
WITHDRAWN FOR
PERSONAL USE .
12. TREATMENTS OF SOME
IMPORTANT ITEMS
1. SUBSCRIPTION : IT IS THE SOURCE OF INCOME OF NOT-
FOR-PROFIT ORGANIZATION . SUBSCRIPTION RELATED TO
CURRENT YEAR WHETHER OR NOT ARE SHOWN ON THE
CREDIT SIDE OF THE INCOME AND EXPENDITURE A/C.
OUTSTANDING SUBSCRIPTION ARE SHOWN ON THE ASSET
SIDE OF THE BALANCE SHEET. SUBSCRIPTION RECEIVE IN
ADVANCE FOR THE FOLLOWING YEAR ARE SHOWN ON THE
LIABILITIES SIDE OF THE BALANCE SHEET
2. LIFE MEMBERSHIP FEES: IT IS ACCOUNTED AS A CAPITAL
RECEIPT AND ADDED TO CAPITAL FUND ON THE LIABILITIES
SIDE OF THE BALANCE SHEET.
13. CONTD….
3. DONATION: IT IS TWO TYPES:
•GENERAL DONATION: IT IS TAKEN AS AN ITEM OF INCOME AND
IT IS SHOWN ON THE INCOME SIDE OF THE INCOME AND
EXPENDITURE ACCOUNT.
•SPECIFIC DONATION: IT SHOULD BE CAPITALIZED AND IT
SHOWN ON THE LIABILITIES SIDE OF THE BALANCE SHEET.
4. ENDOWMENT FUND RECEIPTS: IT IS A CAPITAL RECEIPT AND
SHOWN ON THE LIABILITIES SIDE OF THE BALANCE SHEET. ANY
INTEREST RECEIVED FROM ENDOWMENT FUND INVESTMENTS
IS CREDITED TO INCOME AND EXPENDITURE ACCOUNT.
14. CONTD…
5.SALE OF OBSOLETE ITEMS AND WASTE PAPERS: NON PROFIT
ORGANIZATION MAY ABANDON SOME OF EQUIPMENT'S , BATS,
CARPET ETC. THE AMOUNT REALIZED FROM THE SALE OF
SUCH OBSOLETE ITEMS MUST BE TREATED AS REVENUE
INCOME , HENCE IT SHOULD BE RECORDED ON THE CREDIT
SIDE OF INCOME AND EXPENDITURE A/C.
6.SALE OF OLD ASSETS : IF ANY ASSET IS SOLD THE AMOUNT
IS DEBITED TO RECEIPT AND PAYMENT A/C. IT IS NOT TAKEN
TO INCOME AND EXPENDITURE A/C. THE PROFIT OR LOSS
MADE ON SALE OF OLD ASSET RECORDED IN INCOME AND
EXPENDITURE A/C.
15. CONTD…
7. PURCHASE OF EQUIPMENT: THE PRICE PAID FOR
ACQUIRING ANY EQUIPMENT IS A CAPITAL EXPENDITURE.
8. SPECIAL FUND: IF THERE IS ANY SPECIFIC FUND, SUCH
AS PRIZE DISTRIBUTION FUND, THE EXPENSES OR INCOME
RELATING TO THE FUND MAY BE ADJUSTED TO THE FUND
ITSELF ( ON THE LIABILITY SIDE OF BALANCE SHEET).
9. LEGACY: IT IS LIKE DONATION. IT IS NON-RECURRING IN
NATURE. IT IS THE AMOUNT GIVEN TO A NON-TRADING
CONCERN AS PER THE WILL OF DECEASED PERSON. IT IS
TAKEN TO RECEIPT AND PAYMENT A/C AS CAPITAL
RECEIPT.
16. CONTD…
10.ENTRANCE FEE: THESE ARE THE FEE COLLECTED FROM EVERY
MEMBER AT THE TIME OF HIS / HER ADMISSION INTO
MEMBERSHIP.
11.HONARAIUM PAID: IT IS A REVENUE EXPENDITURE. IT IS A
PAYMENT OF REMUNERATION TO A PERSON WHO IS NOT AN
EMPLOYEE OF THE ORGANIZATION. SUCH AS ANY SPECIAL
PERFORMANCE IS DONE, BY AN OUTSIDER , AT THE
ORGANIZATION, THEN THE PAYMENT IS HONORARIUM.
12.SALE OF OLD SPORTS MATERIALS AND OLD NEWSPAPERS: THE
AMOUNT RECEIVED ON ACCOUNT OF SALE OF OLD SPORTS
MATERIAL AND OLD NEWSPAPERS ARE RECURRING INCOMES TO
A CONCERN AND THEREFORE , TREATED AS REVENUE INCOME.
17. BALANCE SHEET
❑ IT IS A STATEMENT THAT SHOWS THE FINANCIAL POSITION
OF AN ORGANIZATION.
❑ THE METHOD OF PREPARING THE BALANCE SHEET FOR
NOT-FOR- PROFIT ORGANIZATION IS SIMILAR TO THAT OF A
BUSINESS FIRM .
❑ IT IS PREPARED AT THE END OF THE ACCOUNTING PERIOD
AFTER PREPARING THE INCOME AND EXPENDITURE.
❑THE BALANCE SHEET SHOWS ASSETS AND LIABILITIES ,
CAPITAL FUND.
18. VIVEKANANDA CHARITABLE HOSPITAL HAS FURNISHED THE
FOLLOWING PARTICULARS, PREPARE INCOME AND
EXPENDITURE ACCOUNT FOR THE YEAR ENDING 31.12.2016
AND BALANCE SHEET ON THAT DATE:
Receipts Amount
.
Payment Amount
.
To cash in hand (1.1.16)
To subscription
To donation
To interest on investment
(7% for full year )
To proceeds from charity
shows
7150
47,996
14,500
7000
10,450
By medicine
By doctor’s honorarium
By salaries
By petty expenses
By equipments
By expension charity
shows
By cash In hand
(31.12.16)
30,590
9000
27,500
461
15,000
750
3795
Receipts & payment account for the year ended
31.12.16
Dr. Cr.
1.1.2016 31.12.16
a)Subscription due 240 280
b) Subscription received in advance 64 100
c)Stock of medicine 8810 9740
d)Estimated value of equipments 21200 31600
e)Building (cost less depreciation) 40,000 38000
Problem:
19. Expenditure Amoun
t.
Income Amoun
t.
To medicine
To doctor’s honorarium
To salaries
To petty expenses
To depreciation on
equipment
To depreciation on
building
To surplus
29600
9000
27,500
461
4600
2000
5979
79200
By subscription
47996
Add :outstanding(clsing)
280
Add: subscription received in
advance (opening)
64
48340
Less: outstanding 240
48100
less: received in adv. 100
By proceeds in charity
10,450
Less: expense on charity
750
By donation
48000
9500
14500
7000
79200
Solutio
n:
Income & expenditure account
for the year ended 31.12.2016
Dr
.
Cr.
20. Liabilities Amount. Assets Amount.
Capital fund 177336
Add: surplus
5979
Subscription received in
advance
183315
100
1,83,415
Cash in hand
Stock of medicine
Subscription due
Investment
Equipment
Building
3795
9740
280
1,00,000
31,600
38,000
1,83,415
Balance sheet
As on 31.12.2016
Solution
contd…
21. CONCLUSION
❑NONPROFIT ORGANIZATION SERVE THE
PUBLIC, PROVIDING A WIDE RANGE OF
SERVICES TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF
LIFE OF INDIVIDUALS OR COMMUNITIES.
THEY ARE OFTEN HEAVILY STAFFED
WITH VOLUNTEERS OR TEMPORAY
WORKERS WITH DIVERSE SKILL SETS,
WHO ARE STRONGLY MOTIVATED BY
ALTRUISM.