According to the article title” Current US Federal Policy Framework for Self-Driving Vehicles: Opportunities and Challenges.” (2017) which was written by Hanna, M., Kimmel, S., the author describes the benefits and problems related to self-driving cars. First of all, the author mention self-driving can bring the benefits to the economy and researching how to improve the performance of self-driving cars is like artificial intelligence learning and Internet technology. Secondly, he points out the safety problem of the self-driving, moreover, the authors mentioned the possibility of self-driving cars being hacked. Last, does the self-driving can reduce the exhaust emissions and save energy consumption and save the earth from global warming. In this article, I decide to discuss about self-driving car of traffic accident responsibility.
I agree with the author, a self-driving car can bring a lot of benefits but there are too many issues that we have to discuss, such as the self-driving ecosystem, responsibility of traffic accident for self-driving vehicles…etc. The driver caused a car accident because of reliance on the self-driving mode. (Tesla in fatal on Autopilot, 2018) Is it about whether self-driving cars bring us convenience or in danger?
First of all, the issue of self-driving cars of traffic accident responsibility is always the top issue to discuss for the self-driving car. About the self-driving cars of traffic accident responsibility, who should take the responsibility after it happened? For example, if the driver was driving on a high-speed road and started using the mobile phone in the self-driving mode, but accidentally hit the truck in front of him. In this case, should the driver carry the responsibility? Or an automobile company? In my opinion, I believe that drivers should take all the responsibilities because self-driving like prevent slipping mode is just function which is provided by automobile companies, but there is no guarantee that it will not slip at all. According to the “NTSB Releases Report On 2018 Fatal Silicon Valley Tesla Autopilot Crash.” (2020) which was written by Brad Templeton, the author states that the self-driving mode can only “support” the driver, who still needs both hands on the steering wheel. Therefore, I think that Tesla doesn’t need to take all of the responsibility.
Last but not least, the judgment of the autopilot, who should sacrifice? Is the elder? Or the teenager? When the emergency comes, how the criteria of the judgment for autonomous driving should be determined? For example, if there were unavoidable car accident about to happen, there were pedestrians in front of car, and children beside the car on the sidewalk. What decision should be made by the self-driving cars? This is an ethical issue, and even humans cannot decide. How should the self-driving cars perform this mission?
In conclusion, I believe that after reading my opinion above, there are questions about the responsibility of s ...
Strategic Management – MGT 451: Final Exam
Your final exam’s deliverable is a written report addressing the question: How does Innovation contribute to create
Competitive Advantage? Students can rephrase this question and use it as your exam title.
To support your report, you need to include at least ten (10) relevant sources. Five (5) of them should come from the
Reference list distributed in class. To access key material, visit Marymount library (physically and/or online)
In your written report balance the opinions of scholars (quotes, citations, etc.), researchers (statistics, findings, etc.) with
your own analytical reflections (opinions, views, etc.). Also mentioned examples of companies that support your statements.
Blogs ARE NOT allowed to be cited unless they are written by a scholar or prominent business figure.
A. Essay Content and Structure:
The length of your exam should fluctuate between 9 to 12 pages. 5 pages correspond to content addressing the topic of
Innovation; the remaining pages should be used for cover, references, and annexes; see below.
# of
Pages
Section
1 Cover: Include your name, course name, school, university, professor name, and date.
1 Table of Contents: Consider the headings and page numbers included in your paper
5 – 5 ½ Body of the Report. Points a) to f) below must be addressed in your exam. In parenthesis, I include some illustrative
questions to guide your analysis; feel free to use those or other questions / ideas to produce your report.
a) Definition & Importance: What is Innovation? Why does Innovation matter? What is the relationship between
Innovation and Competitive Advantage? In this section, cite at least 3 relevant definitions of innovation (use the
provided Reference list, other articles, and/or textbooks) and based on those ideas provide your own definition of
Innovation.
b) Components: What are the key elements of Innovation? What are the distinctive characteristics of Innovation? Are
there different types of Innovation?
c) Key Issues: What challenges around Innovation does a firm typically face? What problems may arise when a
company decides to embrace an Innovation mind-set? In which ways does the lack of Innovation affect a firm’s
Competitive Advantage?
d) Process: What are the key steps (process) to maximize the results of Innovation and achieve sound business results?
What aspects cannot be forgotten? Are there best practices to further Innovation?
e) Culture: What values and/or behaviors do effectively create a culture of Innovation? How does organizational
culture support or limit Innovation? How can an Innovation culture be developed?
f) Lessons Learned: What have you learned about Innovation? How have your views on Innovation changed? How
can you develop your Innovation mind-set? What is the most surprising aspect you have found in your research?
1 - 2 References: Include.
Running Head NATURAL SCIENCE ISSUES .docxjeanettehully
Running Head: NATURAL SCIENCE ISSUES 1
NATURAL SCIENCE ISSUES 2
Natural Science Issues
China Brown
Southern New Hampshire University
Natural Science Issues
Introduction
Natural science involves the study of the physical world, such as biology, chemistry, and physics. It deals with how matter interacts and helps individuals to understand the role of biodiversity, environment, and evolution. However, several issues occur within natural science, which requires attention from scientists. One of such issues is electric cars. The electric vehicles have several challenges, such as limited driving range, a charging system that is spotty, battery issues, and high costs. The number of people who are buying these cars is rising at a high rate. In the past year, the number of sales for electric vehicles has increased above 75% (Helmers & Weiss, 2017). However, due to these issues, there have been a lot of doubts among the customers. Human rights have been abused during the production of electric cars. There is an abuse of child labor in mineral extraction, such as cobalt, which is used in the production of car batteries. The discussion of the electric car issues is essential as it will reduce the dangers posed by these vehicles to passengers, drivers, and even the manufacturers. The science sources that will be used in this paper include technical reports on electric vehicles, previous studies, and existing criticism and interpretation. This paper will try to find the reasons why electric cars have a spotty charging system and a limited driving range.
Electric Cars
In recent years, scientists have identified different challenges that are affecting electric cars. The vehicles have issues with their batteries, spotty charging system, and a limited driving range. The total production costs of an electric vehicle are very high as compared to other cars that run both on gasoline and battery. Individuals who would be interested in the results of this study include passengers and drivers who need to be concerned with their safety while on the road. The government plays a significant role in addressing this issue (Helmers & Weiss, 2017). For example, the government of China has implemented policies that guide the use of electric cars in the country. China is one of the fastest-growing markets in the world, and therefore, many industries, including automotive industries, are expanding their operations into the country. This has prompted the government to design policies revolving around the use of technology and how to protect the environment and its people. According to Helmers and Weiss, There are rapid technological developments in the electric car battery and charging. These developments are causing significant uncertainties among car users. It is a problem for car owners ...
Running Head: NATURAL SCIENCE ISSUES 1
NATURAL SCIENCE ISSUES 2
Natural Science Issues
China Brown
Southern New Hampshire University
Natural Science Issues
Introduction
Natural science involves the study of the physical world, such as biology, chemistry, and physics. It deals with how matter interacts and helps individuals to understand the role of biodiversity, environment, and evolution. However, several issues occur within natural science, which requires attention from scientists. One of such issues is electric cars. The electric vehicles have several challenges, such as limited driving range, a charging system that is spotty, battery issues, and high costs. The number of people who are buying these cars is rising at a high rate. In the past year, the number of sales for electric vehicles has increased above 75% (Helmers & Weiss, 2017). However, due to these issues, there have been a lot of doubts among the customers. Human rights have been abused during the production of electric cars. There is an abuse of child labor in mineral extraction, such as cobalt, which is used in the production of car batteries. The discussion of the electric car issues is essential as it will reduce the dangers posed by these vehicles to passengers, drivers, and even the manufacturers. The science sources that will be used in this paper include technical reports on electric vehicles, previous studies, and existing criticism and interpretation. This paper will try to find the reasons why electric cars have a spotty charging system and a limited driving range.
Electric Cars
In recent years, scientists have identified different challenges that are affecting electric cars. The vehicles have issues with their batteries, spotty charging system, and a limited driving range. The total production costs of an electric vehicle are very high as compared to other cars that run both on gasoline and battery. Individuals who would be interested in the results of this study include passengers and drivers who need to be concerned with their safety while on the road. The government plays a significant role in addressing this issue (Helmers & Weiss, 2017). For example, the government of China has implemented policies that guide the use of electric cars in the country. China is one of the fastest-growing markets in the world, and therefore, many industries, including automotive industries, are expanding their operations into the country. This has prompted the government to design policies revolving around the use of technology and how to protect the environment and its people. According to Helmers and Weiss, There are rapid technological developments in the electric car battery and charging. These developments are causing significant uncertainties among car users. It is a problem for car owners .
Running Head: NATURAL SCIENCE ISSUES 1
NATURAL SCIENCE ISSUES 2
Natural Science Issues
China Brown
Southern New Hampshire University
Natural Science Issues
Introduction
Natural science involves the study of the physical world, such as biology, chemistry, and physics. It deals with how matter interacts and helps individuals to understand the role of biodiversity, environment, and evolution. However, several issues occur within natural science, which requires attention from scientists. One of such issues is electric cars. The electric vehicles have several challenges, such as limited driving range, a charging system that is spotty, battery issues, and high costs. The number of people who are buying these cars is rising at a high rate. In the past year, the number of sales for electric vehicles has increased above 75% (Helmers & Weiss, 2017). However, due to these issues, there have been a lot of doubts among the customers. Human rights have been abused during the production of electric cars. There is an abuse of child labor in mineral extraction, such as cobalt, which is used in the production of car batteries. The discussion of the electric car issues is essential as it will reduce the dangers posed by these vehicles to passengers, drivers, and even the manufacturers. The science sources that will be used in this paper include technical reports on electric vehicles, previous studies, and existing criticism and interpretation. This paper will try to find the reasons why electric cars have a spotty charging system and a limited driving range.
Electric Cars
In recent years, scientists have identified different challenges that are affecting electric cars. The vehicles have issues with their batteries, spotty charging system, and a limited driving range. The total production costs of an electric vehicle are very high as compared to other cars that run both on gasoline and battery. Individuals who would be interested in the results of this study include passengers and drivers who need to be concerned with their safety while on the road. The government plays a significant role in addressing this issue (Helmers & Weiss, 2017). For example, the government of China has implemented policies that guide the use of electric cars in the country. China is one of the fastest-growing markets in the world, and therefore, many industries, including automotive industries, are expanding their operations into the country. This has prompted the government to design policies revolving around the use of technology and how to protect the environment and its people. According to Helmers and Weiss, There are rapid technological developments in the electric car battery and charging. These developments are causing significant uncertainties among car users. It is a problem for car owners .
Student 1 Game Theory aims to help us to understand the interacblazelaj2
Student 1:
Game Theory aims to help us to understand the interaction of decision-makers and their situation. A game in the everyday sense “a competitive activity . . . in which players contend with each other according to a set of rules”, in the words of my dictionary is an example of such a the situation, but the scope of game theory is vastly larger.
GM can use game theory to identify the potential risks from the perspective of consumers, suppliers, competitors, and employees. If GM wants to undergo any change, the suppliers must also make changes in order to satisfy GM’s needs for the new model. GM does build its cars, but there are many suppliers involved in manufacturing (Budler & Trkman, 2017). GM has to completely change the requirements for the suppliers to electrical components required to build electric cars from the traditional requirements which they had previously.
a. One of the major risks involved to make electric cars is the lack of expertise. GM’s employees work on traditional vehicles that run on gasoline. The new electric line of vehicles needs employees who are experts in electrical components and there’s always a risk involved in finding such employees.
b. Another risk involved is the lack of electric charging stations across the globe. As we all know that electric vehicles can only go up to a range of 300 miles in a single charge and needs at least 30-40 mins of charging before running another 300 miles. This means charging stations need to be placed every 300 miles across the country. GM might face the risk of losing customers to another competitor if they do not have enough charging stations.
Reference
Budler, M., & Trkman, P. (2017, June). The role of game theory in the development of business models
n supply chains. In 2017 IEEE Technology & Engineering Management Conference (TEMSCON) (pp. 155-
59). IEEE.
Student 2:
One of the leading companies in dealing with motor vehicles is the general motors. It has successfully managed concurrences with the arrival of the Chevrolet Bolt EV. The size of the car is an important aspect when it comes to motor vehicles. The electric vehicle can be used in demonstrating masses in affiliation (Case study E hot-rod car project, 2019). The GM decided to replace one of their traditional model of cars with electric vehicles. The introduction of the electric vehicles supporters and correspondents assures that GM feared more significant advancement in the field of electric vehicles. Meddling with the extra parts option since the electric-powered vehicles have a smaller number of parts compared to the traditional vehicles that they intended to replace.
For the General Motors, the Game theory is very important, and it resolves to neglect the conventional model and to adopt the new models which are electric. The change will act as a strategy to attract and expand the customer base to suit them on the advantage, to have a more significant impression to the clients, the general motors need t ...
Informative Essay Cause and Effect Important Terms .docxpauline234567
Informative Essay
Cause and Effect
Important Terms:
Informative Writing is a specific type of nonfiction writing that teaches the reader about a topic.
The thesis of informative writing explains the main idea and what the writer is teaching about. This is the topic
the writer is explaining.
Each topic sentence is the first sentence of each body paragraph. These first sentences break the topic down
into the most important aspects of what the writer is teaching.
The supporting details are the evidence you find that explain each of your topic sentences. There are six types
of evidence. You can remember the six types of evidence using the acronym F.E.A.S.T.ExO.
F Facts Facts come from a source and can be proven true from that source.
Ex. Renewable energy comes from natural sources and can be
replenished.
E Examples This type of evidence gives a specific example to illustrate your point.
Ex. One type of renewable energy source is solar energy. Solar energy
is energy from the sun and is the cleanest and most abundant
renewable energy.
A Anecdotes An anecdote is a short, personal, true story.
Ex. When my neighbor installed solar panels on his roof, he not only
saved money, but he also received a monthly check from the electric
company for any additional energy collected from his panels.
S Statistics Statistics include numbers and percentages.
Ex. Renewable energy has increased 100% from 2000 to 2018.
T Truths Truths include information that is widely accepted.
Ex. Renewable energy is considered an alternative to fossil fuels.
Ex. Solar energy comes from the sun.
ExO Expert Opinions The opinion of an expert in a specific field has significant experience
and knowledge about the topic.
Ex. The Environmental Protection Agency is an example of a source for
expert opinions related to renewable energy.
Identifying Cause and Effect
Cause-and-Effect Writing requires that you do some backwards planning. Usually, a writer can see the effect of
something right away, but identifying the reason, or cause, of that effect might take some exploring.
We ask certain questions in order to discover who or what is responsible for an action; in other words, we ask,
“What is the cause of the effect I see?”
Take a look at the photo of the car accident below.
We can see the effect right away:
• two cars are damaged,
• the front end of each vehicle is damaged, and
• there is debris on the road.
This is where we start to ask questions to figure out the cause.
• Was someone driving too fast or driving distracted?
• Did one of the drivers run a stop sign or traffic light?
• Was one of the drivers on the wrong side of the road?
• Did one of the drivers turn into the wrong lane?
• Were there any factors in the weather leading to this accident?
We can also start asking ourselves questions about the longer effects of the accident.
• Will the insurance rates go up for one or bo.
As a backlash, the professional model, which reflects a "we are the experts and you are not" attitude, alienated the police from the public. Problems and crime kept growing, and people wanted to be more involved in their communities. Therefore, community members started to work closely with the police. The police saw their resources diminish and decided it was critical to engage the communities to more effectively combat rising crime.
Strategic Management – MGT 451: Final Exam
Your final exam’s deliverable is a written report addressing the question: How does Innovation contribute to create
Competitive Advantage? Students can rephrase this question and use it as your exam title.
To support your report, you need to include at least ten (10) relevant sources. Five (5) of them should come from the
Reference list distributed in class. To access key material, visit Marymount library (physically and/or online)
In your written report balance the opinions of scholars (quotes, citations, etc.), researchers (statistics, findings, etc.) with
your own analytical reflections (opinions, views, etc.). Also mentioned examples of companies that support your statements.
Blogs ARE NOT allowed to be cited unless they are written by a scholar or prominent business figure.
A. Essay Content and Structure:
The length of your exam should fluctuate between 9 to 12 pages. 5 pages correspond to content addressing the topic of
Innovation; the remaining pages should be used for cover, references, and annexes; see below.
# of
Pages
Section
1 Cover: Include your name, course name, school, university, professor name, and date.
1 Table of Contents: Consider the headings and page numbers included in your paper
5 – 5 ½ Body of the Report. Points a) to f) below must be addressed in your exam. In parenthesis, I include some illustrative
questions to guide your analysis; feel free to use those or other questions / ideas to produce your report.
a) Definition & Importance: What is Innovation? Why does Innovation matter? What is the relationship between
Innovation and Competitive Advantage? In this section, cite at least 3 relevant definitions of innovation (use the
provided Reference list, other articles, and/or textbooks) and based on those ideas provide your own definition of
Innovation.
b) Components: What are the key elements of Innovation? What are the distinctive characteristics of Innovation? Are
there different types of Innovation?
c) Key Issues: What challenges around Innovation does a firm typically face? What problems may arise when a
company decides to embrace an Innovation mind-set? In which ways does the lack of Innovation affect a firm’s
Competitive Advantage?
d) Process: What are the key steps (process) to maximize the results of Innovation and achieve sound business results?
What aspects cannot be forgotten? Are there best practices to further Innovation?
e) Culture: What values and/or behaviors do effectively create a culture of Innovation? How does organizational
culture support or limit Innovation? How can an Innovation culture be developed?
f) Lessons Learned: What have you learned about Innovation? How have your views on Innovation changed? How
can you develop your Innovation mind-set? What is the most surprising aspect you have found in your research?
1 - 2 References: Include.
Running Head NATURAL SCIENCE ISSUES .docxjeanettehully
Running Head: NATURAL SCIENCE ISSUES 1
NATURAL SCIENCE ISSUES 2
Natural Science Issues
China Brown
Southern New Hampshire University
Natural Science Issues
Introduction
Natural science involves the study of the physical world, such as biology, chemistry, and physics. It deals with how matter interacts and helps individuals to understand the role of biodiversity, environment, and evolution. However, several issues occur within natural science, which requires attention from scientists. One of such issues is electric cars. The electric vehicles have several challenges, such as limited driving range, a charging system that is spotty, battery issues, and high costs. The number of people who are buying these cars is rising at a high rate. In the past year, the number of sales for electric vehicles has increased above 75% (Helmers & Weiss, 2017). However, due to these issues, there have been a lot of doubts among the customers. Human rights have been abused during the production of electric cars. There is an abuse of child labor in mineral extraction, such as cobalt, which is used in the production of car batteries. The discussion of the electric car issues is essential as it will reduce the dangers posed by these vehicles to passengers, drivers, and even the manufacturers. The science sources that will be used in this paper include technical reports on electric vehicles, previous studies, and existing criticism and interpretation. This paper will try to find the reasons why electric cars have a spotty charging system and a limited driving range.
Electric Cars
In recent years, scientists have identified different challenges that are affecting electric cars. The vehicles have issues with their batteries, spotty charging system, and a limited driving range. The total production costs of an electric vehicle are very high as compared to other cars that run both on gasoline and battery. Individuals who would be interested in the results of this study include passengers and drivers who need to be concerned with their safety while on the road. The government plays a significant role in addressing this issue (Helmers & Weiss, 2017). For example, the government of China has implemented policies that guide the use of electric cars in the country. China is one of the fastest-growing markets in the world, and therefore, many industries, including automotive industries, are expanding their operations into the country. This has prompted the government to design policies revolving around the use of technology and how to protect the environment and its people. According to Helmers and Weiss, There are rapid technological developments in the electric car battery and charging. These developments are causing significant uncertainties among car users. It is a problem for car owners ...
Running Head: NATURAL SCIENCE ISSUES 1
NATURAL SCIENCE ISSUES 2
Natural Science Issues
China Brown
Southern New Hampshire University
Natural Science Issues
Introduction
Natural science involves the study of the physical world, such as biology, chemistry, and physics. It deals with how matter interacts and helps individuals to understand the role of biodiversity, environment, and evolution. However, several issues occur within natural science, which requires attention from scientists. One of such issues is electric cars. The electric vehicles have several challenges, such as limited driving range, a charging system that is spotty, battery issues, and high costs. The number of people who are buying these cars is rising at a high rate. In the past year, the number of sales for electric vehicles has increased above 75% (Helmers & Weiss, 2017). However, due to these issues, there have been a lot of doubts among the customers. Human rights have been abused during the production of electric cars. There is an abuse of child labor in mineral extraction, such as cobalt, which is used in the production of car batteries. The discussion of the electric car issues is essential as it will reduce the dangers posed by these vehicles to passengers, drivers, and even the manufacturers. The science sources that will be used in this paper include technical reports on electric vehicles, previous studies, and existing criticism and interpretation. This paper will try to find the reasons why electric cars have a spotty charging system and a limited driving range.
Electric Cars
In recent years, scientists have identified different challenges that are affecting electric cars. The vehicles have issues with their batteries, spotty charging system, and a limited driving range. The total production costs of an electric vehicle are very high as compared to other cars that run both on gasoline and battery. Individuals who would be interested in the results of this study include passengers and drivers who need to be concerned with their safety while on the road. The government plays a significant role in addressing this issue (Helmers & Weiss, 2017). For example, the government of China has implemented policies that guide the use of electric cars in the country. China is one of the fastest-growing markets in the world, and therefore, many industries, including automotive industries, are expanding their operations into the country. This has prompted the government to design policies revolving around the use of technology and how to protect the environment and its people. According to Helmers and Weiss, There are rapid technological developments in the electric car battery and charging. These developments are causing significant uncertainties among car users. It is a problem for car owners .
Running Head: NATURAL SCIENCE ISSUES 1
NATURAL SCIENCE ISSUES 2
Natural Science Issues
China Brown
Southern New Hampshire University
Natural Science Issues
Introduction
Natural science involves the study of the physical world, such as biology, chemistry, and physics. It deals with how matter interacts and helps individuals to understand the role of biodiversity, environment, and evolution. However, several issues occur within natural science, which requires attention from scientists. One of such issues is electric cars. The electric vehicles have several challenges, such as limited driving range, a charging system that is spotty, battery issues, and high costs. The number of people who are buying these cars is rising at a high rate. In the past year, the number of sales for electric vehicles has increased above 75% (Helmers & Weiss, 2017). However, due to these issues, there have been a lot of doubts among the customers. Human rights have been abused during the production of electric cars. There is an abuse of child labor in mineral extraction, such as cobalt, which is used in the production of car batteries. The discussion of the electric car issues is essential as it will reduce the dangers posed by these vehicles to passengers, drivers, and even the manufacturers. The science sources that will be used in this paper include technical reports on electric vehicles, previous studies, and existing criticism and interpretation. This paper will try to find the reasons why electric cars have a spotty charging system and a limited driving range.
Electric Cars
In recent years, scientists have identified different challenges that are affecting electric cars. The vehicles have issues with their batteries, spotty charging system, and a limited driving range. The total production costs of an electric vehicle are very high as compared to other cars that run both on gasoline and battery. Individuals who would be interested in the results of this study include passengers and drivers who need to be concerned with their safety while on the road. The government plays a significant role in addressing this issue (Helmers & Weiss, 2017). For example, the government of China has implemented policies that guide the use of electric cars in the country. China is one of the fastest-growing markets in the world, and therefore, many industries, including automotive industries, are expanding their operations into the country. This has prompted the government to design policies revolving around the use of technology and how to protect the environment and its people. According to Helmers and Weiss, There are rapid technological developments in the electric car battery and charging. These developments are causing significant uncertainties among car users. It is a problem for car owners .
Student 1 Game Theory aims to help us to understand the interacblazelaj2
Student 1:
Game Theory aims to help us to understand the interaction of decision-makers and their situation. A game in the everyday sense “a competitive activity . . . in which players contend with each other according to a set of rules”, in the words of my dictionary is an example of such a the situation, but the scope of game theory is vastly larger.
GM can use game theory to identify the potential risks from the perspective of consumers, suppliers, competitors, and employees. If GM wants to undergo any change, the suppliers must also make changes in order to satisfy GM’s needs for the new model. GM does build its cars, but there are many suppliers involved in manufacturing (Budler & Trkman, 2017). GM has to completely change the requirements for the suppliers to electrical components required to build electric cars from the traditional requirements which they had previously.
a. One of the major risks involved to make electric cars is the lack of expertise. GM’s employees work on traditional vehicles that run on gasoline. The new electric line of vehicles needs employees who are experts in electrical components and there’s always a risk involved in finding such employees.
b. Another risk involved is the lack of electric charging stations across the globe. As we all know that electric vehicles can only go up to a range of 300 miles in a single charge and needs at least 30-40 mins of charging before running another 300 miles. This means charging stations need to be placed every 300 miles across the country. GM might face the risk of losing customers to another competitor if they do not have enough charging stations.
Reference
Budler, M., & Trkman, P. (2017, June). The role of game theory in the development of business models
n supply chains. In 2017 IEEE Technology & Engineering Management Conference (TEMSCON) (pp. 155-
59). IEEE.
Student 2:
One of the leading companies in dealing with motor vehicles is the general motors. It has successfully managed concurrences with the arrival of the Chevrolet Bolt EV. The size of the car is an important aspect when it comes to motor vehicles. The electric vehicle can be used in demonstrating masses in affiliation (Case study E hot-rod car project, 2019). The GM decided to replace one of their traditional model of cars with electric vehicles. The introduction of the electric vehicles supporters and correspondents assures that GM feared more significant advancement in the field of electric vehicles. Meddling with the extra parts option since the electric-powered vehicles have a smaller number of parts compared to the traditional vehicles that they intended to replace.
For the General Motors, the Game theory is very important, and it resolves to neglect the conventional model and to adopt the new models which are electric. The change will act as a strategy to attract and expand the customer base to suit them on the advantage, to have a more significant impression to the clients, the general motors need t ...
Informative Essay Cause and Effect Important Terms .docxpauline234567
Informative Essay
Cause and Effect
Important Terms:
Informative Writing is a specific type of nonfiction writing that teaches the reader about a topic.
The thesis of informative writing explains the main idea and what the writer is teaching about. This is the topic
the writer is explaining.
Each topic sentence is the first sentence of each body paragraph. These first sentences break the topic down
into the most important aspects of what the writer is teaching.
The supporting details are the evidence you find that explain each of your topic sentences. There are six types
of evidence. You can remember the six types of evidence using the acronym F.E.A.S.T.ExO.
F Facts Facts come from a source and can be proven true from that source.
Ex. Renewable energy comes from natural sources and can be
replenished.
E Examples This type of evidence gives a specific example to illustrate your point.
Ex. One type of renewable energy source is solar energy. Solar energy
is energy from the sun and is the cleanest and most abundant
renewable energy.
A Anecdotes An anecdote is a short, personal, true story.
Ex. When my neighbor installed solar panels on his roof, he not only
saved money, but he also received a monthly check from the electric
company for any additional energy collected from his panels.
S Statistics Statistics include numbers and percentages.
Ex. Renewable energy has increased 100% from 2000 to 2018.
T Truths Truths include information that is widely accepted.
Ex. Renewable energy is considered an alternative to fossil fuels.
Ex. Solar energy comes from the sun.
ExO Expert Opinions The opinion of an expert in a specific field has significant experience
and knowledge about the topic.
Ex. The Environmental Protection Agency is an example of a source for
expert opinions related to renewable energy.
Identifying Cause and Effect
Cause-and-Effect Writing requires that you do some backwards planning. Usually, a writer can see the effect of
something right away, but identifying the reason, or cause, of that effect might take some exploring.
We ask certain questions in order to discover who or what is responsible for an action; in other words, we ask,
“What is the cause of the effect I see?”
Take a look at the photo of the car accident below.
We can see the effect right away:
• two cars are damaged,
• the front end of each vehicle is damaged, and
• there is debris on the road.
This is where we start to ask questions to figure out the cause.
• Was someone driving too fast or driving distracted?
• Did one of the drivers run a stop sign or traffic light?
• Was one of the drivers on the wrong side of the road?
• Did one of the drivers turn into the wrong lane?
• Were there any factors in the weather leading to this accident?
We can also start asking ourselves questions about the longer effects of the accident.
• Will the insurance rates go up for one or bo.
As a backlash, the professional model, which reflects a "we are the experts and you are not" attitude, alienated the police from the public. Problems and crime kept growing, and people wanted to be more involved in their communities. Therefore, community members started to work closely with the police. The police saw their resources diminish and decided it was critical to engage the communities to more effectively combat rising crime.
1. Who isare the author(s) of this article· McKenzie Griffin, BenitoSumpter862
1. Who is/are the author(s) of this article?
· McKenzie Griffin, Heloisa Cursi Campos, Irina Khramtsova, Amy R. Pearce
2. What is the title of the article?
· Stress and Anxiety Reduction in College Students through Biofeedback
3. What year was this article published?
· 2020
4. What are the 2-3 main things you learned from the introduction?
· Stress and anxiety are within the top five health concerns for college students which lead to mental, emotional, and academic struggles.
· When college students practice mindfulness, it increases levels of coping ability, and it also decreases anxiety levels when paired with meditation.
5. What is one of the articles cited in the introduction? (Refer to it by the authors & the year it was published.)
· Wyner, D. (2015).
6. What is the hypothesis?
· Levels of stress and anxiety would be lower and coping ability levels higher during periods of biofeedback intervention
7. How many participants were in the study?
· Originally 7 but dropped to 4
8. Who were the participants (e.g., college students, infants, etc)?
· Students aged 18-29
9. Were the participants compensated for their participation?
· Not that I saw
10. What was/were the independent variable(s)?
· Periods in where they received intervention or not.
· The biofeedback they used
11. How many levels of the independent variable(s) were there?
· 4 levels
· 2 levels
12. What were the levels of the IV(s)? That is, what groups were people divided into?
· week 1 intervention week 2 no intervention week 3 intervention week 4 intervention
· if they used the device or not
13. What was the dependent variable?
· Stress and anxiety levels
· Coping method levels
14. What materials were used in the study? Did participants complete a survey, use a computer program, were they interviewed, etc?
· The HeartMath Inner Balance Lightning earlobe sensor, Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Coping Self-Efficacy scale (CSE), Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-tem scale (GAD-7), iPhone, log sheets
15. Summarize what the participants did.
· Participants were asked to use the device for the first phase of the study and take the same three assessments at the end of that period. In the second phase, the participants didn’t use the device and again completed the assessments. This pattern happened one more time and they took the assessment a final time. Participants returned logs and were provided with new ones each time.
16. What type of research method was used? That is, was it an experiment, a correlational study, an observational study or a case study?
· Repeated measures experiment
17. How was the data analyzed (that is, what statistical analysis was used)?
· They collected the scores on the three scales over the course of the study and compiling the data into individual graphs for each participant
18. Did the author(s) find a significant effect?
· They saw that their anxiety and stress levels decreased significantly and better able to monitor their stress
19. What did you ...
1. Who isare the author(s) of this article· McKenzie Griffin, SantosConleyha
1. Who is/are the author(s) of this article?
· McKenzie Griffin, Heloisa Cursi Campos, Irina Khramtsova, Amy R. Pearce
2. What is the title of the article?
· Stress and Anxiety Reduction in College Students through Biofeedback
3. What year was this article published?
· 2020
4. What are the 2-3 main things you learned from the introduction?
· Stress and anxiety are within the top five health concerns for college students which lead to mental, emotional, and academic struggles.
· When college students practice mindfulness, it increases levels of coping ability, and it also decreases anxiety levels when paired with meditation.
5. What is one of the articles cited in the introduction? (Refer to it by the authors & the year it was published.)
· Wyner, D. (2015).
6. What is the hypothesis?
· Levels of stress and anxiety would be lower and coping ability levels higher during periods of biofeedback intervention
7. How many participants were in the study?
· Originally 7 but dropped to 4
8. Who were the participants (e.g., college students, infants, etc)?
· Students aged 18-29
9. Were the participants compensated for their participation?
· Not that I saw
10. What was/were the independent variable(s)?
· Periods in where they received intervention or not.
· The biofeedback they used
11. How many levels of the independent variable(s) were there?
· 4 levels
· 2 levels
12. What were the levels of the IV(s)? That is, what groups were people divided into?
· week 1 intervention week 2 no intervention week 3 intervention week 4 intervention
· if they used the device or not
13. What was the dependent variable?
· Stress and anxiety levels
· Coping method levels
14. What materials were used in the study? Did participants complete a survey, use a computer program, were they interviewed, etc?
· The HeartMath Inner Balance Lightning earlobe sensor, Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Coping Self-Efficacy scale (CSE), Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-tem scale (GAD-7), iPhone, log sheets
15. Summarize what the participants did.
· Participants were asked to use the device for the first phase of the study and take the same three assessments at the end of that period. In the second phase, the participants didn’t use the device and again completed the assessments. This pattern happened one more time and they took the assessment a final time. Participants returned logs and were provided with new ones each time.
16. What type of research method was used? That is, was it an experiment, a correlational study, an observational study or a case study?
· Repeated measures experiment
17. How was the data analyzed (that is, what statistical analysis was used)?
· They collected the scores on the three scales over the course of the study and compiling the data into individual graphs for each participant
18. Did the author(s) find a significant effect?
· They saw that their anxiety and stress levels decreased significantly and better able to monitor their stress
19. What did you ...
Running head COMPANY ANALYSIS OF TARGET .docxtodd271
Running head: COMPANY ANALYSIS OF TARGET 1
6
COMPANY ANALYSIS OF TARGET
Project 1: Company Analysis of Target
Student’s Name
CMST 301 – Section Number
Summer 2018
Professor’s Name
Section 1: Company Information: Target
The introduction should never have a heading that identifies it as the introduction. It is the introduction by virtue of its location as described and displayed in Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association Chapter 2, 2.05, p. 27 and Figure 2.1, pp. 42-43 (6th ed., 2nd printing). Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum (Internet Usage Statistics, 2017).
"Sed ut perspiciatis unde omnis iste natus error sit voluptatem accusantium doloremque laudantium, totam rem aperiam, eaque ipsa quae ab illo inventore veritatis et quasi architecto beatae vitae dicta sunt explicabo” (TechJournal South, 2015). Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit, sed quia consequuntur magni dolores eos qui ratione voluptatem sequi nesciunt. Neque porro quisquam est, qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor sit amet, consectetur, adipisci velit, sed quia non numquam eius modi tempora incidunt ut labore et dolore magnam aliquam quaerat voluptatem.
Section 2: Target’s Digital and Social Media Use
In this section, you will list all of the social media platforms that the company you are writing about uses to interact with customers. Describe how social media is used, any special policies, special team members, options should the social media accounts become compromised, or any special requirements. You could also include a screen capture of the company’s social media collection, just ensure you cite the source. The label, Section 2, is used here to assist you in correlating this section with the content required. Remove the words Section 2 from this section.
The Use of Statisticians
Remember to check for spelling and grammar, while ensuring you followed all instructions. Check the rubric, too! This will ensure you understand the assessment process of your assignment. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. “Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum” (TechJournal South, 2011).
Section 3: A.
Five Paragraph Outline A classic composition format is ShainaBoling829
Five Paragraph Outline
A classic composition format is the five-paragraph essay. It is not the only format for
writing an essay, of course; however, it is a useful tool for you to use and adapt, especially
as you begin to develop your compositions skills.
Writing an outline allows you to organize your main thoughts into single segments and
establish the order in which information will be written. Usually, most academic essays are
written in 5 paragraphs. The essay outline template provided will contain main points that
will be addressed within your work. As a writer, you should use those points to construct a
logical and coherent flow of ideas that will build off of one another to strengthen your
overall argument. The outline is a tool that you will use to assist you in the construction of
an essay draft.
Below is a sample showing the basic elements of a five-paragraph essay. After looking at
these basic elements, we will discuss how to apply these elements to an outline.
Basic Elements
Paragraph 1: Introduction
The introductory paragraph should include the following elements:
1. A hook to get reader’s attention is how an essay begins and usually comprises the
first. Try to begin with a specific image or detail, a statistic, a story, a shocking fact, a
quote, a refutation of a common belief, etc.
2. Next, providing background information is necessary so that your readers can
understand the context of your thesis.
3. A thesis statement is necessary. This indicates your paper’s topic and makes
your paper’s purpose clear.
*Note: some professors may require a plan of development (also known as a road map),
which outlines the order of points in an essay. The plan of development can be in the same
sentence as the thesis or in a different sentence. Keep in mind, however, that some
professors may not want to see any plan of development. Be sure to specify all thesis
requirements with your professor before submitting
Paragraphs 2-4: Body Paragraphs
A body paragraph should include the following elements:
1. A topic sentence which explains the main, supporting point of the paragraph is
the first sentence of each body paragraph. The topic sentence gives an overview of the
paragraph and relates back to the thesis.
2. Sub points/supporting details represent the main point of the paragraph. The
purpose of sub points is to support the topic sentence of the paragraph.
3. These sub points themselves are supported by examples. Examples provide
evidence for your topic sentence, and ultimately your thesis; they consist of facts, details,
statistics, personal observation, experience, and expert opinions.
Paragraph 5: Conclusion
The conclusion should include the following elements:
1. The conclusion begins with the restatement of the thesis statement.
2. Closing remarks. There are many possible ways to close an essay. One common
method is to tie back to the hook (if the ...
Research Paper Using Word This assignment has two goals.docxdaynamckernon
Research Paper Using Word
This assignment has two goals: 1) have students increase their understanding of
ethical issues related to the use of information technology through research, and 2)
learn to correctly use the tools and techniques within Word to format a research paper,
including use of available References and citation tools. These skills will be valuable
throughout a student’s academic career. The paper will require a title page, NO
abstract, three to five full pages of content with incorporation of a minimum of 3 external
resources from credible sources and a Works Cited/References page. Wikipedia and
similar general information sites, blogs or discussion groups are not considered
creditable sources for a research project. No more than 10% of the paper may be in the
form of a direct citation from an external source.
A list of topics from which students can choose is provided below.
Topics for Research Paper
The focus of the paper should be on the following:
1. how information technology supports or makes possible biometrics and its
various implementations, and potential ethical and privacy issues related to the
use of biometrics.
2. how information technology supports or makes possible the development of
artificial intelligence (AI) and intelligent agents (such as Siri, Cortana, etc.) and
potential ethical and privacy issues related to AI.
3. how information technology supports or makes possible the development of
robots as intelligent as humans, smart machines and the IoT, What potential
benefits and risks can/will robots introduce?
4. how information technology supports or makes possible genome-based
treatments for curing diseases, and potential ethical and privacy issues that
might result from use of such treatments.
5. how information technology impacts family, eldercare, and parenting issues, and
potential ethical and privacy issues introduced by the use of information
technology and information systems in this area
6. how information technology has enhanced the use of computer-assisted
education in the elementary school classroom, and the possible positive and
negative impacts this enhancement provides.
7. issues facing the IT Manager or Security professional (e.g., privacy, ownership,
control, accuracy, and security) in an environment where information technology
is constantly expanding and changing.
8. how information technology plays a role in the era of Edward Snowden, Chelsea
Manning, WikiLeaks, et and the impact on defense information systems
9. how information technology plays a role in the rise (and fall) of cryptocurrency
and the positive and negatives of switching to the bitcoin environment.
If there is another topic that addresses ethical issues as related to information
technology that is of special interest to you but one that is not in the list above, request
permission from your instructor before selecting this alternate top ...
Chemistry ProjectThe last four chapters of this course involve looJinElias52
Chemistry Project
The last four chapters of this course involve looking at the Earth, the air, and the water around us, as well as the energy that we utilize. These chapters relate the chemistry concepts that we have been learning to the natural resources around us and some of the issues related to these resources. It is important to understand the chemistry involved if we want to actually find solutions to the environmental issues that we face. This project will require you to look at an environmental or energy related issue in more depth. You will apply some of the chemical knowledge that you have learned in this course, but also look at the human impact, as science and the environment are intricately related to humans.
This project will be completed in 3 parts in place of our weekly Unit Activities. After the first two parts are completed, you will have the opportunity to go back and make changes before the final report is due to earn points back.
· Choosing the topic-
· Avoid using too broad or generic topics like climate change/global warming, water or air pollution, or alternate sources of energy. Rather focus on some specific factors that could contribute to these issues. For example, choose some of the specific water contaminants like heavy metals and so on.
· Also avoid choosing topics on the past events such as Flint Water crisis or Deepwater Horizon Oil spill etc. Instead, think the other way, cite these events as examples in your paper but avoid writing the entire paper on these disasters.
· Since you would need to include the chemistry behind your topic, spend some time going through your chapters for Unit 4 and think about the topics that you could elaborate from chemistry perspective.
· Part 1 (Introduction)-
· After choosing the topic, give it a proper title.
· Write an introductory paragraph giving the topic you chose and explain why you chose this topic. Write a paragraph giving historical background information on what led to the issue.
· Write a paragraph explaining why this is (or was) an issue. Include the resources that you used.
· Part 2 (Main body)-
· This part should mainly focus on the chemistry of the issue. Explain the related chemistry and how the issue relates to what we have learned in class. Also, discuss things that have helped alleviate the issue or other things that could be possible solutions. Any environmental issue can be studied from a chemical perspective. In this part you want to discuss the properties of the elements or compounds that relate to your topic. If your topic involves any type of physical or chemical change you will want to show any relevant reactions. Another thing to discuss would be any energy changes that may be taking place. Talk about the topic from a chemistry perspective and do not elaborate too much on government policies, just a brief mention of that should suffice. Since each topic is unique, it is hard to give specific examples so please contact me if you need help with ...
10 Looking Forward
Mike Householder/Associated Press
Learning Outcomes
After reading this chapter, you should be able to do the following:
• Summarize potential ethical risks in business by recognizing relevant issues, performing environmental
scanning, and identifying reliable resources for uncovering future misconduct risks.
• Analyze how trends in the economic, geopolitical, social, and technological environment lead to ethical
issues in business.
• Evaluate how emerging ethical issues affect the ethics and compliance function in an organization.
ped82162_10_c10_295-324.indd 295 4/23/15 8:49 AM
Introduction
Introduction
Self-Driving Cars
Imagine driving along a winding mountain pass, with a ravine on the right and a rock wall
across the opposite lane on the left. Taking a sharp turn around the mountain, you see two
cars coming toward you in both lanes, one trying to pass the other. In seconds, each driver
must react. You slam on the brakes, hoping that the other cars adjust to allow the passing car
to move out of your lane.
Now imagine the same situation, except this time you are in a self-driving car, taking photos
of the scenery as you tour through the mountain pass. The car relies on radar sensors, lasers,
and cameras to keep the vehicle on a path to the designated destination (Greimel, 2013).
Turning the corner, the directional equipment cannot see around the mountain, but recog-
nizes an obstacle immediately. The computer controlling the car must now react. The decision
to stop or swerve can lead to a potentially fatal accident or save all passengers. Your life and
the lives of others depend on the computer program designed and installed by the automaker.
Do you trust the automaker to keep you safe?
Automakers are racing to launch self-driving, or autonomous, cars by the year 2020. Some mod-
els already feature technology that allows them to park themselves, warn of lane departures,
detect a vehicle in blind spots, and slow or stop to avoid an obstacle even before the driver reacts.
Such measures have already reduced traffic accidents in the United States, and studies predict
“that if just 10% of the cars in the U.S. were autonomous, there would be 211,000 fewer accidents
annually, and 1,100 lives would be saved each year” (Tuttle, 2013, para. 7). Other advantages
include greater use of fuel resources and greater mobility for persons with disabilities.
However, there are ethical challenges to market a car that requires little or no driver inter-
vention (Newman, 2014). What would prevent a car manufacturer from programming the
car’s route so passengers will pass sponsoring businesses? The safety features in existing
cars emit warnings and require driver intervention. As technology progresses toward a more
autonomous car, drivers may become accustomed to being able to read, work, or perform
other tasks while the vehicle transports them to their destination. Distracted drivers are less
likely to.
Problem StatementWith operations in more than 160 countries and r.docxwkyra78
Problem Statement:With operations in more than 160 countries and regions worldwide, 340,000 employees, and $17.9 billion in annual profits - Toyota Motor Corp has been referred to as the gold standard of the automotive industry. Toyota reached success in part because of its exceptional reputation for quality and customer care. In total contrast, Toyota embodies a culture of smug, insular arrogance unable to properly handle a recall crisis. The general problem and focus of the current case study is Toyota's arrogant organizational culture and structure of denial. The goal of this study is to examine characteristics of organizational culture as it relates to crisis management.
Research Questions:
1) What is the relationship between organizational culture and ethics?
2) Compare and contrast the transparency, efficiency, and consumer trust issues of GM and Toyota.
3) How do organizational structures and models differ in contrast to Toyota's?
4) What are the behavioral implications of culture and conflict?
These questions are only food for thought. You can change these or add more. The goal is to stay consistent in research tone and focus to the research problem noted above.
SUB-HEADERS: Not limited to, your literature review MUST cross-reference and integrate a discussion on elements of the case and the following topics: (1) Organizational Culture, (2) Organization Structure, (3) Leadership, (4) Ethics, (5) Understanding Work Teams, & (6) Conflict and Negotiation. YOU MUST DISCUSS THE PROS AND CONS OF EACH. Research cannot be one-sided or it is not valid and reliable.
My Parts
Literature Review
You must address at least six scholarly resources in this section. Approach this section as a mini "book report" on each of the reference sources that significantly informed your analysis and proposed solutions. Give the reader an encapsulated review of what information you found most relevant to your research. You may have found conflicting opinions/theories related to your topic area. Identify and discuss any such contrasts and/or describe in detail significant agreement among your sources. Your literature review should be separate and distinct from your analysis section; it is a summation of your research.
Solution
s
Identify at least three potential workable solutions to your problem and identify the pros and cons of each alternative solution and its high-level implementation steps.
Identify your preferred solution and describe exactly what should be done and how it should be done, including by whom, with whom, and in what sequence. Always explain your thinking behind your final solution set. It's important to be clear about why a particular alternative (solution) was chosen, as opposed to others.
Reflection : Think about this assignment and write a well-thought-out reflective statement about how this assignment influenced your personal, academic, and professional leadership and managerial development.
CASE
Did Toyota’s Culture Cause Its Problem ...
Variables in a Research Study and Data CollectionIn this assignmen.docxdaniahendric
Variables in a Research Study and Data Collection
In this assignment, you will explore the variables involved in a research study.
Complete the following tasks:
Read the following articles from the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) Database in the South University Online Library.
Lee, A., Craft-Rosenberg, M. (2010). Ineffective family participation in
professional care: A concept analysis of a proposed nursing
diagnosis.
Nurs Diagn
. 2002 Jan-Mar;
13
(1), 5–14.
Witt, C. M., Lüdtke, R., Willich, S. N. (2010). Homeopathic treatment
of patients with migraine: A prospective observational study with
a 2-year follow-up period.
J Altern Complement Med
. 2010 Apr;
16
(4), 347–55. doi: 10.1089/acm.2009.0376.
Read the process for data collection employed in both these studies. Compare the method used in each of them.
Provide a bulleted list of the five tasks performed as part of data collection in each of them. Click
here
to enter your responses in the organizer.
.
Variation exists in virtually all parts of our lives. We often see v.docxdaniahendric
Variation exists in virtually all parts of our lives. We often see variation in results in what we spend (utility costs each month, food costs, business supplies, etc.). Consider the measures and data you use (in either your personal or job activities). When are differences (between one time period and another, between different production lines, etc.) between average or actual results important? How can you or your department decide whether or not the observed differences over time are important? How could using a mean difference test help?
.
Valerie Matsumoto's "Desperately Seeking "Deirde": Gender Roles, Multicultural Relations, and Nisei Women Writers of the 1930s," focuses on the writings of Deirde, a second generation Japanese American advice columnist. But as the abstract of this piece suggests, Matsumoto was not so much interested in the advice Deirde was giving her readers as much as she was interested in the questions her readers were asking the "Dear Abby"of their community in the mid-1930s to early 1940s. What were they asking about? From Deidre's columns, what were some of the concerns of the Japanese-American community during 1935-1941? While it is of extreme importance to study the experience of the Japanese-Americans during World War II , Matsumoto argues that it is also of importance to study the pre-war lives of Japanese-Americans. Why? What did these concerns reveal about the Japanese-American experience in the United States during this time period?
.
valerie is a 15 year old girl who has recently had signs of a high f.docxdaniahendric
valerie is a 15 year old girl who has recently had signs of a high fever, her parents took her to the ER and the test results say she has a bacterial infection and her white blood cells are trapping bacteria it is not binding with the vacuole and releasing necessarg enzymes to break the cell wall. What disease does valerie have?
.
Utilizing the Statement of Financial Position on page 196 of the Acc.docxdaniahendric
Utilizing the Statement of Financial Position on page 196 of the Accounting Fundamentals for Health Care Management text book (see attachement), compare the figures for 2013 and 2012. Compose a narrative of possible explanations for the documented charges in the year-end figures for the organization. Your response should be a minimum of 200 words in length and submitted in a Word document, utilizing APA format.
See attachment referencing Statement of Financial Position
.
Utech Company has income before irregular items of $307,500 for the .docxdaniahendric
Utech Company has income before irregular items of $307,500 for the year ended December 31, 2014. It also has the following items (before considering income taxes): (1) an extraordinary fire loss of $53,000 and (2) a gain of $27,100 from the disposal of a division. Assume all items are subject to income taxes at a 39% tax rate.
Prepare Utech Company’s income statement for 2014, beginning with “Income before irregular items.”
.
Using your work experience in the public and nonprofit sector, and t.docxdaniahendric
Using your work experience in the public and nonprofit sector, and the knowledge you have gained in this MPA program as a guide, address the following question in a detailed fashion:
What methods, specifically, have citizens utilized to influence and become involved in the budgeting and financial management arenas in the public sphere? Which movements or strategies have been most successful from a citizen perspective? To what degree do budgeting professionals and public administrators seek and consider this citizen involvement? What will be the trend for the future with regard to citizen participation in the process?
.
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1. Who isare the author(s) of this article· McKenzie Griffin, BenitoSumpter862
1. Who is/are the author(s) of this article?
· McKenzie Griffin, Heloisa Cursi Campos, Irina Khramtsova, Amy R. Pearce
2. What is the title of the article?
· Stress and Anxiety Reduction in College Students through Biofeedback
3. What year was this article published?
· 2020
4. What are the 2-3 main things you learned from the introduction?
· Stress and anxiety are within the top five health concerns for college students which lead to mental, emotional, and academic struggles.
· When college students practice mindfulness, it increases levels of coping ability, and it also decreases anxiety levels when paired with meditation.
5. What is one of the articles cited in the introduction? (Refer to it by the authors & the year it was published.)
· Wyner, D. (2015).
6. What is the hypothesis?
· Levels of stress and anxiety would be lower and coping ability levels higher during periods of biofeedback intervention
7. How many participants were in the study?
· Originally 7 but dropped to 4
8. Who were the participants (e.g., college students, infants, etc)?
· Students aged 18-29
9. Were the participants compensated for their participation?
· Not that I saw
10. What was/were the independent variable(s)?
· Periods in where they received intervention or not.
· The biofeedback they used
11. How many levels of the independent variable(s) were there?
· 4 levels
· 2 levels
12. What were the levels of the IV(s)? That is, what groups were people divided into?
· week 1 intervention week 2 no intervention week 3 intervention week 4 intervention
· if they used the device or not
13. What was the dependent variable?
· Stress and anxiety levels
· Coping method levels
14. What materials were used in the study? Did participants complete a survey, use a computer program, were they interviewed, etc?
· The HeartMath Inner Balance Lightning earlobe sensor, Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Coping Self-Efficacy scale (CSE), Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-tem scale (GAD-7), iPhone, log sheets
15. Summarize what the participants did.
· Participants were asked to use the device for the first phase of the study and take the same three assessments at the end of that period. In the second phase, the participants didn’t use the device and again completed the assessments. This pattern happened one more time and they took the assessment a final time. Participants returned logs and were provided with new ones each time.
16. What type of research method was used? That is, was it an experiment, a correlational study, an observational study or a case study?
· Repeated measures experiment
17. How was the data analyzed (that is, what statistical analysis was used)?
· They collected the scores on the three scales over the course of the study and compiling the data into individual graphs for each participant
18. Did the author(s) find a significant effect?
· They saw that their anxiety and stress levels decreased significantly and better able to monitor their stress
19. What did you ...
1. Who isare the author(s) of this article· McKenzie Griffin, SantosConleyha
1. Who is/are the author(s) of this article?
· McKenzie Griffin, Heloisa Cursi Campos, Irina Khramtsova, Amy R. Pearce
2. What is the title of the article?
· Stress and Anxiety Reduction in College Students through Biofeedback
3. What year was this article published?
· 2020
4. What are the 2-3 main things you learned from the introduction?
· Stress and anxiety are within the top five health concerns for college students which lead to mental, emotional, and academic struggles.
· When college students practice mindfulness, it increases levels of coping ability, and it also decreases anxiety levels when paired with meditation.
5. What is one of the articles cited in the introduction? (Refer to it by the authors & the year it was published.)
· Wyner, D. (2015).
6. What is the hypothesis?
· Levels of stress and anxiety would be lower and coping ability levels higher during periods of biofeedback intervention
7. How many participants were in the study?
· Originally 7 but dropped to 4
8. Who were the participants (e.g., college students, infants, etc)?
· Students aged 18-29
9. Were the participants compensated for their participation?
· Not that I saw
10. What was/were the independent variable(s)?
· Periods in where they received intervention or not.
· The biofeedback they used
11. How many levels of the independent variable(s) were there?
· 4 levels
· 2 levels
12. What were the levels of the IV(s)? That is, what groups were people divided into?
· week 1 intervention week 2 no intervention week 3 intervention week 4 intervention
· if they used the device or not
13. What was the dependent variable?
· Stress and anxiety levels
· Coping method levels
14. What materials were used in the study? Did participants complete a survey, use a computer program, were they interviewed, etc?
· The HeartMath Inner Balance Lightning earlobe sensor, Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Coping Self-Efficacy scale (CSE), Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-tem scale (GAD-7), iPhone, log sheets
15. Summarize what the participants did.
· Participants were asked to use the device for the first phase of the study and take the same three assessments at the end of that period. In the second phase, the participants didn’t use the device and again completed the assessments. This pattern happened one more time and they took the assessment a final time. Participants returned logs and were provided with new ones each time.
16. What type of research method was used? That is, was it an experiment, a correlational study, an observational study or a case study?
· Repeated measures experiment
17. How was the data analyzed (that is, what statistical analysis was used)?
· They collected the scores on the three scales over the course of the study and compiling the data into individual graphs for each participant
18. Did the author(s) find a significant effect?
· They saw that their anxiety and stress levels decreased significantly and better able to monitor their stress
19. What did you ...
Running head COMPANY ANALYSIS OF TARGET .docxtodd271
Running head: COMPANY ANALYSIS OF TARGET 1
6
COMPANY ANALYSIS OF TARGET
Project 1: Company Analysis of Target
Student’s Name
CMST 301 – Section Number
Summer 2018
Professor’s Name
Section 1: Company Information: Target
The introduction should never have a heading that identifies it as the introduction. It is the introduction by virtue of its location as described and displayed in Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association Chapter 2, 2.05, p. 27 and Figure 2.1, pp. 42-43 (6th ed., 2nd printing). Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum (Internet Usage Statistics, 2017).
"Sed ut perspiciatis unde omnis iste natus error sit voluptatem accusantium doloremque laudantium, totam rem aperiam, eaque ipsa quae ab illo inventore veritatis et quasi architecto beatae vitae dicta sunt explicabo” (TechJournal South, 2015). Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit, sed quia consequuntur magni dolores eos qui ratione voluptatem sequi nesciunt. Neque porro quisquam est, qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor sit amet, consectetur, adipisci velit, sed quia non numquam eius modi tempora incidunt ut labore et dolore magnam aliquam quaerat voluptatem.
Section 2: Target’s Digital and Social Media Use
In this section, you will list all of the social media platforms that the company you are writing about uses to interact with customers. Describe how social media is used, any special policies, special team members, options should the social media accounts become compromised, or any special requirements. You could also include a screen capture of the company’s social media collection, just ensure you cite the source. The label, Section 2, is used here to assist you in correlating this section with the content required. Remove the words Section 2 from this section.
The Use of Statisticians
Remember to check for spelling and grammar, while ensuring you followed all instructions. Check the rubric, too! This will ensure you understand the assessment process of your assignment. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. “Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum” (TechJournal South, 2011).
Section 3: A.
Five Paragraph Outline A classic composition format is ShainaBoling829
Five Paragraph Outline
A classic composition format is the five-paragraph essay. It is not the only format for
writing an essay, of course; however, it is a useful tool for you to use and adapt, especially
as you begin to develop your compositions skills.
Writing an outline allows you to organize your main thoughts into single segments and
establish the order in which information will be written. Usually, most academic essays are
written in 5 paragraphs. The essay outline template provided will contain main points that
will be addressed within your work. As a writer, you should use those points to construct a
logical and coherent flow of ideas that will build off of one another to strengthen your
overall argument. The outline is a tool that you will use to assist you in the construction of
an essay draft.
Below is a sample showing the basic elements of a five-paragraph essay. After looking at
these basic elements, we will discuss how to apply these elements to an outline.
Basic Elements
Paragraph 1: Introduction
The introductory paragraph should include the following elements:
1. A hook to get reader’s attention is how an essay begins and usually comprises the
first. Try to begin with a specific image or detail, a statistic, a story, a shocking fact, a
quote, a refutation of a common belief, etc.
2. Next, providing background information is necessary so that your readers can
understand the context of your thesis.
3. A thesis statement is necessary. This indicates your paper’s topic and makes
your paper’s purpose clear.
*Note: some professors may require a plan of development (also known as a road map),
which outlines the order of points in an essay. The plan of development can be in the same
sentence as the thesis or in a different sentence. Keep in mind, however, that some
professors may not want to see any plan of development. Be sure to specify all thesis
requirements with your professor before submitting
Paragraphs 2-4: Body Paragraphs
A body paragraph should include the following elements:
1. A topic sentence which explains the main, supporting point of the paragraph is
the first sentence of each body paragraph. The topic sentence gives an overview of the
paragraph and relates back to the thesis.
2. Sub points/supporting details represent the main point of the paragraph. The
purpose of sub points is to support the topic sentence of the paragraph.
3. These sub points themselves are supported by examples. Examples provide
evidence for your topic sentence, and ultimately your thesis; they consist of facts, details,
statistics, personal observation, experience, and expert opinions.
Paragraph 5: Conclusion
The conclusion should include the following elements:
1. The conclusion begins with the restatement of the thesis statement.
2. Closing remarks. There are many possible ways to close an essay. One common
method is to tie back to the hook (if the ...
Research Paper Using Word This assignment has two goals.docxdaynamckernon
Research Paper Using Word
This assignment has two goals: 1) have students increase their understanding of
ethical issues related to the use of information technology through research, and 2)
learn to correctly use the tools and techniques within Word to format a research paper,
including use of available References and citation tools. These skills will be valuable
throughout a student’s academic career. The paper will require a title page, NO
abstract, three to five full pages of content with incorporation of a minimum of 3 external
resources from credible sources and a Works Cited/References page. Wikipedia and
similar general information sites, blogs or discussion groups are not considered
creditable sources for a research project. No more than 10% of the paper may be in the
form of a direct citation from an external source.
A list of topics from which students can choose is provided below.
Topics for Research Paper
The focus of the paper should be on the following:
1. how information technology supports or makes possible biometrics and its
various implementations, and potential ethical and privacy issues related to the
use of biometrics.
2. how information technology supports or makes possible the development of
artificial intelligence (AI) and intelligent agents (such as Siri, Cortana, etc.) and
potential ethical and privacy issues related to AI.
3. how information technology supports or makes possible the development of
robots as intelligent as humans, smart machines and the IoT, What potential
benefits and risks can/will robots introduce?
4. how information technology supports or makes possible genome-based
treatments for curing diseases, and potential ethical and privacy issues that
might result from use of such treatments.
5. how information technology impacts family, eldercare, and parenting issues, and
potential ethical and privacy issues introduced by the use of information
technology and information systems in this area
6. how information technology has enhanced the use of computer-assisted
education in the elementary school classroom, and the possible positive and
negative impacts this enhancement provides.
7. issues facing the IT Manager or Security professional (e.g., privacy, ownership,
control, accuracy, and security) in an environment where information technology
is constantly expanding and changing.
8. how information technology plays a role in the era of Edward Snowden, Chelsea
Manning, WikiLeaks, et and the impact on defense information systems
9. how information technology plays a role in the rise (and fall) of cryptocurrency
and the positive and negatives of switching to the bitcoin environment.
If there is another topic that addresses ethical issues as related to information
technology that is of special interest to you but one that is not in the list above, request
permission from your instructor before selecting this alternate top ...
Chemistry ProjectThe last four chapters of this course involve looJinElias52
Chemistry Project
The last four chapters of this course involve looking at the Earth, the air, and the water around us, as well as the energy that we utilize. These chapters relate the chemistry concepts that we have been learning to the natural resources around us and some of the issues related to these resources. It is important to understand the chemistry involved if we want to actually find solutions to the environmental issues that we face. This project will require you to look at an environmental or energy related issue in more depth. You will apply some of the chemical knowledge that you have learned in this course, but also look at the human impact, as science and the environment are intricately related to humans.
This project will be completed in 3 parts in place of our weekly Unit Activities. After the first two parts are completed, you will have the opportunity to go back and make changes before the final report is due to earn points back.
· Choosing the topic-
· Avoid using too broad or generic topics like climate change/global warming, water or air pollution, or alternate sources of energy. Rather focus on some specific factors that could contribute to these issues. For example, choose some of the specific water contaminants like heavy metals and so on.
· Also avoid choosing topics on the past events such as Flint Water crisis or Deepwater Horizon Oil spill etc. Instead, think the other way, cite these events as examples in your paper but avoid writing the entire paper on these disasters.
· Since you would need to include the chemistry behind your topic, spend some time going through your chapters for Unit 4 and think about the topics that you could elaborate from chemistry perspective.
· Part 1 (Introduction)-
· After choosing the topic, give it a proper title.
· Write an introductory paragraph giving the topic you chose and explain why you chose this topic. Write a paragraph giving historical background information on what led to the issue.
· Write a paragraph explaining why this is (or was) an issue. Include the resources that you used.
· Part 2 (Main body)-
· This part should mainly focus on the chemistry of the issue. Explain the related chemistry and how the issue relates to what we have learned in class. Also, discuss things that have helped alleviate the issue or other things that could be possible solutions. Any environmental issue can be studied from a chemical perspective. In this part you want to discuss the properties of the elements or compounds that relate to your topic. If your topic involves any type of physical or chemical change you will want to show any relevant reactions. Another thing to discuss would be any energy changes that may be taking place. Talk about the topic from a chemistry perspective and do not elaborate too much on government policies, just a brief mention of that should suffice. Since each topic is unique, it is hard to give specific examples so please contact me if you need help with ...
10 Looking Forward
Mike Householder/Associated Press
Learning Outcomes
After reading this chapter, you should be able to do the following:
• Summarize potential ethical risks in business by recognizing relevant issues, performing environmental
scanning, and identifying reliable resources for uncovering future misconduct risks.
• Analyze how trends in the economic, geopolitical, social, and technological environment lead to ethical
issues in business.
• Evaluate how emerging ethical issues affect the ethics and compliance function in an organization.
ped82162_10_c10_295-324.indd 295 4/23/15 8:49 AM
Introduction
Introduction
Self-Driving Cars
Imagine driving along a winding mountain pass, with a ravine on the right and a rock wall
across the opposite lane on the left. Taking a sharp turn around the mountain, you see two
cars coming toward you in both lanes, one trying to pass the other. In seconds, each driver
must react. You slam on the brakes, hoping that the other cars adjust to allow the passing car
to move out of your lane.
Now imagine the same situation, except this time you are in a self-driving car, taking photos
of the scenery as you tour through the mountain pass. The car relies on radar sensors, lasers,
and cameras to keep the vehicle on a path to the designated destination (Greimel, 2013).
Turning the corner, the directional equipment cannot see around the mountain, but recog-
nizes an obstacle immediately. The computer controlling the car must now react. The decision
to stop or swerve can lead to a potentially fatal accident or save all passengers. Your life and
the lives of others depend on the computer program designed and installed by the automaker.
Do you trust the automaker to keep you safe?
Automakers are racing to launch self-driving, or autonomous, cars by the year 2020. Some mod-
els already feature technology that allows them to park themselves, warn of lane departures,
detect a vehicle in blind spots, and slow or stop to avoid an obstacle even before the driver reacts.
Such measures have already reduced traffic accidents in the United States, and studies predict
“that if just 10% of the cars in the U.S. were autonomous, there would be 211,000 fewer accidents
annually, and 1,100 lives would be saved each year” (Tuttle, 2013, para. 7). Other advantages
include greater use of fuel resources and greater mobility for persons with disabilities.
However, there are ethical challenges to market a car that requires little or no driver inter-
vention (Newman, 2014). What would prevent a car manufacturer from programming the
car’s route so passengers will pass sponsoring businesses? The safety features in existing
cars emit warnings and require driver intervention. As technology progresses toward a more
autonomous car, drivers may become accustomed to being able to read, work, or perform
other tasks while the vehicle transports them to their destination. Distracted drivers are less
likely to.
Problem StatementWith operations in more than 160 countries and r.docxwkyra78
Problem Statement:With operations in more than 160 countries and regions worldwide, 340,000 employees, and $17.9 billion in annual profits - Toyota Motor Corp has been referred to as the gold standard of the automotive industry. Toyota reached success in part because of its exceptional reputation for quality and customer care. In total contrast, Toyota embodies a culture of smug, insular arrogance unable to properly handle a recall crisis. The general problem and focus of the current case study is Toyota's arrogant organizational culture and structure of denial. The goal of this study is to examine characteristics of organizational culture as it relates to crisis management.
Research Questions:
1) What is the relationship between organizational culture and ethics?
2) Compare and contrast the transparency, efficiency, and consumer trust issues of GM and Toyota.
3) How do organizational structures and models differ in contrast to Toyota's?
4) What are the behavioral implications of culture and conflict?
These questions are only food for thought. You can change these or add more. The goal is to stay consistent in research tone and focus to the research problem noted above.
SUB-HEADERS: Not limited to, your literature review MUST cross-reference and integrate a discussion on elements of the case and the following topics: (1) Organizational Culture, (2) Organization Structure, (3) Leadership, (4) Ethics, (5) Understanding Work Teams, & (6) Conflict and Negotiation. YOU MUST DISCUSS THE PROS AND CONS OF EACH. Research cannot be one-sided or it is not valid and reliable.
My Parts
Literature Review
You must address at least six scholarly resources in this section. Approach this section as a mini "book report" on each of the reference sources that significantly informed your analysis and proposed solutions. Give the reader an encapsulated review of what information you found most relevant to your research. You may have found conflicting opinions/theories related to your topic area. Identify and discuss any such contrasts and/or describe in detail significant agreement among your sources. Your literature review should be separate and distinct from your analysis section; it is a summation of your research.
Solution
s
Identify at least three potential workable solutions to your problem and identify the pros and cons of each alternative solution and its high-level implementation steps.
Identify your preferred solution and describe exactly what should be done and how it should be done, including by whom, with whom, and in what sequence. Always explain your thinking behind your final solution set. It's important to be clear about why a particular alternative (solution) was chosen, as opposed to others.
Reflection : Think about this assignment and write a well-thought-out reflective statement about how this assignment influenced your personal, academic, and professional leadership and managerial development.
CASE
Did Toyota’s Culture Cause Its Problem ...
Variables in a Research Study and Data CollectionIn this assignmen.docxdaniahendric
Variables in a Research Study and Data Collection
In this assignment, you will explore the variables involved in a research study.
Complete the following tasks:
Read the following articles from the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) Database in the South University Online Library.
Lee, A., Craft-Rosenberg, M. (2010). Ineffective family participation in
professional care: A concept analysis of a proposed nursing
diagnosis.
Nurs Diagn
. 2002 Jan-Mar;
13
(1), 5–14.
Witt, C. M., Lüdtke, R., Willich, S. N. (2010). Homeopathic treatment
of patients with migraine: A prospective observational study with
a 2-year follow-up period.
J Altern Complement Med
. 2010 Apr;
16
(4), 347–55. doi: 10.1089/acm.2009.0376.
Read the process for data collection employed in both these studies. Compare the method used in each of them.
Provide a bulleted list of the five tasks performed as part of data collection in each of them. Click
here
to enter your responses in the organizer.
.
Variation exists in virtually all parts of our lives. We often see v.docxdaniahendric
Variation exists in virtually all parts of our lives. We often see variation in results in what we spend (utility costs each month, food costs, business supplies, etc.). Consider the measures and data you use (in either your personal or job activities). When are differences (between one time period and another, between different production lines, etc.) between average or actual results important? How can you or your department decide whether or not the observed differences over time are important? How could using a mean difference test help?
.
Valerie Matsumoto's "Desperately Seeking "Deirde": Gender Roles, Multicultural Relations, and Nisei Women Writers of the 1930s," focuses on the writings of Deirde, a second generation Japanese American advice columnist. But as the abstract of this piece suggests, Matsumoto was not so much interested in the advice Deirde was giving her readers as much as she was interested in the questions her readers were asking the "Dear Abby"of their community in the mid-1930s to early 1940s. What were they asking about? From Deidre's columns, what were some of the concerns of the Japanese-American community during 1935-1941? While it is of extreme importance to study the experience of the Japanese-Americans during World War II , Matsumoto argues that it is also of importance to study the pre-war lives of Japanese-Americans. Why? What did these concerns reveal about the Japanese-American experience in the United States during this time period?
.
valerie is a 15 year old girl who has recently had signs of a high f.docxdaniahendric
valerie is a 15 year old girl who has recently had signs of a high fever, her parents took her to the ER and the test results say she has a bacterial infection and her white blood cells are trapping bacteria it is not binding with the vacuole and releasing necessarg enzymes to break the cell wall. What disease does valerie have?
.
Utilizing the Statement of Financial Position on page 196 of the Acc.docxdaniahendric
Utilizing the Statement of Financial Position on page 196 of the Accounting Fundamentals for Health Care Management text book (see attachement), compare the figures for 2013 and 2012. Compose a narrative of possible explanations for the documented charges in the year-end figures for the organization. Your response should be a minimum of 200 words in length and submitted in a Word document, utilizing APA format.
See attachment referencing Statement of Financial Position
.
Utech Company has income before irregular items of $307,500 for the .docxdaniahendric
Utech Company has income before irregular items of $307,500 for the year ended December 31, 2014. It also has the following items (before considering income taxes): (1) an extraordinary fire loss of $53,000 and (2) a gain of $27,100 from the disposal of a division. Assume all items are subject to income taxes at a 39% tax rate.
Prepare Utech Company’s income statement for 2014, beginning with “Income before irregular items.”
.
Using your work experience in the public and nonprofit sector, and t.docxdaniahendric
Using your work experience in the public and nonprofit sector, and the knowledge you have gained in this MPA program as a guide, address the following question in a detailed fashion:
What methods, specifically, have citizens utilized to influence and become involved in the budgeting and financial management arenas in the public sphere? Which movements or strategies have been most successful from a citizen perspective? To what degree do budgeting professionals and public administrators seek and consider this citizen involvement? What will be the trend for the future with regard to citizen participation in the process?
.
Using your textbook, provide a detailed and specific definition to.docxdaniahendric
Using your textbook, provide a detailed and specific definition to the following terms:
Transformation Leadership
Transactional Leadership
Laissez-Faire Leadership
Idealized Influence
Inspirational Motivation
Intellectual Stimulation
Idealized Consideration
Contingent Reward
Management by Exception
Kouzes and Posner wrote a book entitled the
Leadership Challenge
in which they identified five practices of exemplary leaders. Using your textbook and Internet sources, discuss the five practices and give examples of leadership behaviors that would illustrate the practice. (1 page minimum)
.
Using your text and at least one scholarly source, prepare a two to .docxdaniahendric
Using your text and at least one scholarly source, prepare a two to three page paper (excluding title and reference page), in APA format, on the following:
Explain the difference between Charity Care and Bad Debt in a healthcare environment.
Explain how the patient financial services personnel assist in determining which category the uncollectible account should be placed.
Discuss the financial implications of gross uncollectibles on the bottom line of the healthcare institution, and explain how these are recorded on the financial statements.
This is the textbook that we are on:
Epstein, L. & Schneider, A. (2014).
Accounting for Health Care Professionals
. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education, Inc.
.
Using Walgreen Company as the target organization complete the.docxdaniahendric
Using
Walgreen Company
as the target organization complete the following three-step process:
First, conduct an external assessment and complete either an EFE or CPM. Use the following five websites in conducting your assessment:
http://marketwatch.com
www.hoovers.com
http://moneycentral.msn.com
http://us.etrade.com/e/t/invest/markets
http://globaledge.msu.edu/industries
Second, conduct an internal assessment and complete an IFE. Use the following documents, which may be found in the target organization’s corporate website:
Most current Form10K document
Most current Annual Report
Then develop a well-written paper describing the findings that you discovered by
analyzing the data
from the external assessment and from the internal assessment.
Present facts.
Consider putting some of the data into a graphical display (chart, figure, table) to present information in a clear way. Use citations to substantiate your ideas. Insert the completed matrixes as appendixes and reference them within the body of the paper according to APA standards.
Your paper should meet the following requirements:
Be 2-3 pages in length
Be formatted according to
APA GUIDELINES
Cite a minimum of three outside sources.
Include all required elements, including a reference page and required appendixes.
.
Using the text book and power point on Interest Groups, please ans.docxdaniahendric
Using the text book and power point on Interest Groups, please answer 3 of the 4 following questions.
1. Define and explain the relationship in power between interest groups and political parties.
2. Identify the different types of interest groups. Which interest groups are most powerful in Oregon? 3. What are the roles of interest groups and different tactics used by interest groups.
4. What is a lobbyist? What do they do?
I attached the powerPoint.
.
Using the template provided in attachment create your own layout.R.docxdaniahendric
Using the template provided in attachment create your own layout.
Review the Goals
Who is the Persona you are trying to reach?
Use the "How to Change Consumer Behavior" file
Integrate social media
A Twitter feed needs to be on the Home Page
Use a Site Architecture Excel File to let the IT Developer know sub menus
Simplify wherever you can. What is the 1 message you want the viewer to remember?
.
Using the simplified OOD methodologyWrite down a detailed descrip.docxdaniahendric
Using the simplified OOD methodology:
Write down a detailed description of the problem.
Identify all the (relevant) nouns and verbs.
From the list of nouns, select the objects. Identify the data components of each object.
From the list of verbs, select the operations.
Write a short paper in response to the following prompt:
Your local police department wants to design new software to keep track of people, property, and criminal activity. List at least three classes you think should be in the design. For each class, identify some data members and methods.
.
Using the text, Cognitive Psychology 5 edition (Galotti, 2014), .docxdaniahendric
Using the text,
Cognitive Psychology 5 edition
(Galotti, 2014), the University Library, the Internet, and/or other resources, answer the following questions. Your response to each question should be at least 150 words in length.
1.
What is primary memory? What are the characteristics of primary memory?
2.
What is the process of memory from perception to retrieval? What happens when the process is compromised?
3.Is it possible for memory retrieval to be unreliable? Why or why not? What factors may affect the reliability of one’s memory?
.
Using the Tana Basin in Kenya,1.Discuss the water sources and .docxdaniahendric
Using the Tana Basin in Kenya,
1.
Discuss the water sources and their quality - ( 5 marks)
2.
Outline the factors that influence their potential uses - (5 marks)
3.
Identify and map the current users of water in the catchment - (15 marks)
4.
Map the potential source of pollution in the catchment - (5 marks)
Need three pages APA format.
.
Using the template provided in a separate file, create your own la.docxdaniahendric
Using the template provided in a separate file, create your own layout.
Review the Goals
Who is the Persona you are trying to reach?
Use the "How to Change Consumer Behavior" file
Integrate social media
A Twitter feed needs to be on the Home Page
Use a Site Architecture Excel File to let the IT Developer know sub menus
Simplify wherever you can. What is the 1 message you want the viewer to remember?
.
Using the template provided in attachment create your own layo.docxdaniahendric
Using the template provided in attachment create your own layout.
Review the Goals
Who is the Persona you are trying to reach?
Use the "How to Change Consumer Behavior" file
Integrate social media
A Twitter feed needs to be on the Home Page
Use a Site Architecture Excel File to let the IT Developer know sub menus
Simplify wherever you can. What is the 1 message you want the viewer to remember?
.
Using the Sex(abled) video, the sexuality section in the Falvo text.docxdaniahendric
Using the "Sex(abled) video, the sexuality section in the Falvo text (Chapter 12), and your own thoughts and experiences as context, describe prominent issues related to forming intimate relationships by people with intellectual disabilities. You may consider the viewpoints from caregivers and family members, educators, societal attitudes, counselors or support personnel, and viewpoints from people with disabilities. You may include disabilities outside of intellectual disabilities if you wish.
Watch Video: Sexuality and Relationships
.
Using the required and recommended resources from this week and last.docxdaniahendric
Using the required and recommended resources from this week and last, as well as ‘found’ resources, identify at least one specific example of groups or individuals in your community, state, or at the national level that exemplify the following themes and include a brief description of why you feel this example meets the concept. Add a link for any ‘found’ resources.
Works “with” young people rather than conducting activities “for” them.
Creates an atmosphere that sparks young people’s aspirations.
Digs deep and incorporates key elements of authentic youth involvement by making sure that:
Youth are valued and heard
Youth shape the action agenda
Youth build assets for and with each other
Why is it important for programs and or organizations to work “with” young people rather than “for” them?
.
Using the Internet, textbook or related resources, research the crea.docxdaniahendric
Using the Internet, textbook or related resources, research the creation and role of the Federal Reserve. Then in a 1-2 page paper, address the following:
When was the Federal Reserve created and for what purpose?
How does the Federal Reserve manipulate our economy to foster economic growth?
Research at
least three
specific policies instituted by the Federal Reserve.
Finally give an analysis as to why or why not you feel these policies were successful. Remember to support your position with cited sources
Due Sunday 11/30/14 at 11am CST, in APA format with APA bibliography
.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Chapter 3 - Islamic Banking Products and Services.pptx
According to the article title” Current US Federal Policy Framew.docx
1. According to the article title” Current US Federal Policy
Framework for Self-Driving Vehicles: Opportunities and
Challenges.” (2017) which was written by Hanna, M., Kimmel,
S., the author describes the benefits and problems related to
self-driving cars. First of all, the author mention self-driving
can bring the benefits to the economy and researching how to
improve the performance of self-driving cars is like artificial
intelligence learning and Internet technology. Secondly, he
points out the safety problem of the self-driving, moreover, the
authors mentioned the possibility of self-driving cars being
hacked. Last, does the self-driving can reduce the exhaust
emissions and save energy consumption and save the earth from
global warming. In this article, I decide to discuss about self-
driving car of traffic accident responsibility.
I agree with the author, a self-driving car can bring a lot of
benefits but there are too many issues that we have to discuss,
such as the self-driving ecosystem, responsibility of traffic
accident for self-driving vehicles…etc. The driver caused a car
accident because of reliance on the self-driving mode. (Tesla in
fatal on Autopilot, 2018) Is it about whether self-driving cars
bring us convenience or in danger?
First of all, the issue of self-driving cars of traffic accident
responsibility is always the top issue to discuss for the self-
driving car. About the self-driving cars of traffic accident
responsibility, who should take the responsibility after it
happened? For example, if the driver was driving on a high-
speed road and started using the mobile phone in the self-
driving mode, but accidentally hit the truck in front of him. In
this case, should the driver carry the responsibility? Or an
automobile company? In my opinion, I believe that drivers
should take all the responsibilities because self-driving like
prevent slipping mode is just function which is provided by
automobile companies, but there is no guarantee that it will not
2. slip at all. According to the “NTSB Releases Report On 2018
Fatal Silicon Valley Tesla Autopilot Crash.” (2020) which was
written by Brad Templeton, the author states that the self-
driving mode can only “support” the driver, who still needs both
hands on the steering wheel. Therefore, I think that Tesla
doesn’t need to take all of the responsibility.
Last but not least, the judgment of the autopilot, who should
sacrifice? Is the elder? Or the teenager? When the emergency
comes, how the criteria of the judgment for autonomous driving
should be determined? For example, if there were unavoidable
car accident about to happen, there were pedestrians in front of
car, and children beside the car on the sidewalk. What decision
should be made by the self-driving cars? This is an ethical
issue, and even humans cannot decide. How should the self-
driving cars perform this mission?
In conclusion, I believe that after reading my opinion above,
there are questions about the responsibility of self-driving cars
and the ethical issues of self-driving cars. The above two points
are enough to reflect on whether self-driving cars should really
be on the road? For me, there is no perfect solution on both
issues right now, the only thing we can do for now is to limit
the self-driving cars, and force users to follow these
regulations.
Reference:
Hanna, M. J., & Kimmel, S. C. (2017). Current US Federal
3. Policy Framework for Self-Driving Vehicles: Opportunities and
Challenges. Computer, 50(12), 32–40.
https://doi.org/10.1109/MC.2017.4451211
Tesla in fatal California crash was on Autopilot. (2018, March
31). BBC. Retrieved from www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-
43604440
Tempeton, B. (2020, Feb) NTSB Releases Report On 2018 Fatal
Silicon Valley Tesla Autopilot Crash. Retrieved from
www.forbes.com/sites/bradtempleton/2020/02/13/ntsb-releases-
report-on-2018-fatal-silicon-valley-tesla-autopilot-
crash/#4eea302642a8
Name:______________/30 pts
Summary Response Writing
Concerns: Areas that Need Improvement
Criteria: Standards Outlined in the Assignment Guidelines
Strengths: Evidence of Meeting or Exceeding the standard.
Summary ________/10
· Accurately identifies the author’s main idea/thesis
· Explains important supporting ideas and not minor details
· Uses own words and sentence structures
Response ________/10
· Focuses on ONE specific topic that is logically connected to
the source article
· Includes relevant supporting ideas/evidence to logically
support their response
· Includes at least one outside academic source to support
response
4. · Demonstrates independent thinking/critical thinking
APA ________/5
· Correctly uses in-text citations for all summaries, paraphrases
and direct quotes
· Includes a correctly formatted reference page on a separate
page
· Follows paper formatting rules (double spaced, 1-inch
margins, etc)
Language ________/5
· Language errors do not cause comprehension problems
· Uses a variety of sentence structures
· Correctly uses academic vocabulary
IEPA 060 - Summary/Response
Summary-Response Writings
Throughout the term, you will write 3 summary-response papers
on articles assigned by your teacher. Your papers should
include a brief summary of the assigned article and a well-
developed personal response on one idea/concept from the
article. You should use at least one outside source to support
your response to the article.
Directions:
Step 1: Active Reading of the Article
5. A. Read the article more than once and be sure you understand
it.
B. Annotate the article.
Step 2: Writing your summary
Introduction: Write one well-developed paragraph to summarize
the author’s main ideas. Begin the paragraph by introducing the
author (i.e. first and last name) and the title of the article.
Thereafter, paraphrase* the author’s thesis and key points
expressed in the article. End with a thesis statement outlining
what you will discuss in the response section of your paper.
*Please, be careful when you summarize- use your own words
and grammatical structures to avoid plagiarism.
Step 3: Writing your response
Look at your annotations. Did you mark any places that you find
interesting/confusing? What do you agree or disagree with? Do
you agree with some of the characteristics that an author gives
but disagree with others? Do you agree with one author’s ideas
but not the other’s?
Once you decide on the topic of your response, find at least one
outside academic source to support or develop your idea. You
can also include personal examples to support your ideas.
Step 4: Conclusion
Summarize the main ideas of your response and end with a
comment that leaves the reader thinking about your ideas.
Step 5:Revise & Edit
6. Carefully look for and correct content, organization,
grammatical, mechanical, vocabulary and APA errors.
Format:
· 2-typed pages using 12-point standard font, double-spacing,
and one-inch margins.
· Be sure to type your name, the date, and the assignment title
at the top of the first page.
· APA reference page on a separate page. Don’t forget to
include the assigned article on your reference page.
Due Dates:
Grading: Summary response writing is worth 25% of your final
grade. Each paper is graded using the rubric below but is
weighted differently towards your final grade:
· Summary Response #1: 5%
· Summary Response #2: 10%
· Summary Response #3: 10%
Grading Criteria:
1. Summary
· Accurately identifies the author’s main idea/thesis
· Explains important supporting ideas and not minor details
· Uses own words and sentence structures
2. Response
· Focuses on ONE specific topic that is logically connected to
the source article
· Includes relevant supporting ideas/evidence to logically
support their response
7. · Includes at least one outside academic source to support
response
· Demonstrates independent thinking/critical thinking
3. APA
· Correctly uses in-text citations for all summaries, paraphrases
and direct quotes
· Includes a correctly formatted reference page on a separate
page
· Follows paper formatting rules (double spaced, 1-inch
margins, etc)
4. Language
· Language errors do not cause comprehension problems
· Uses a variety of sentence structures
· Correctly uses academic vocabulary
Contact Tracing Mobile Apps for COVID-19:
Privacy Considerations and Related Trade-offs
Hyunghoon Cho∗
8. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard
[email protected]
Daphne Ippolito∗
University of Pennsylvania
[email protected]
Yun William Yu∗
University of Toronto
[email protected]
Abstract
Contact tracing is an essential tool for pub-
lic health officials and local communities to
fight the spread of novel diseases, such as for
the COVID-19 pandemic. The Singaporean
government just released a mobile phone app,
TraceTogether, that is designed to assist health
officials in tracking down exposures after an in-
fected individual is identified. However, there
are important privacy implications of the exis-
tence of such tracking apps. Here, we analyze
some of those implications and discuss ways
of ameliorating the privacy concerns without
decreasing usefulness to public health. We
hope in writing this document to ensure that
privacy is a central feature of conversations
surrounding mobile contact tracing apps and to
encourage community efforts to develop alter-
native effective solutions with stronger privacy
protection for the users. Importantly, though
we discuss potential modifications, this docu-
ment is not meant as a formal research paper,
but instead is a response to some of the privacy
characteristics of direct contact tracing apps
9. like TraceTogether and an early-stage Request
for Comments to the community.
Date written: 2020-03-24
Minor correction: 2020-03-30
1 Introduction
The COVID-19 pandemic has spread like wildfire
across the globe [1]. Very few countries have man-
aged to keep it well-controlled, but one of the key
tools that several such countries use is contact trac-
ing [2]. More specifically, whenever an individual
is diagnosed with the coronavirus, every person
who had possibly been near that infected individual
during the period in which they were contagious
is contacted and told to self-quarantine for two
weeks [3]. In the early days of the virus, when
∗ Authors listed alphabetically.
there were only a few cases, contact tracing could
be done manually. With hundreds to thousands of
cases surfacing in some cities, contact tracing has
become much more difficult [4].
Countries have been employing a variety of
means to enable contact tracing. In Israel, legisla-
tion was passed to allow the government to track
the mobile-phone data of people with suspected
infection [5]. In South Korea, the government has
maintained a public database of known patients,
including information about their age, gender, oc-
cupation, and travel routes [6]. In Taiwan, medical
institutions were given access to patients travel his-
10. tories [7], and authorities track phone location data
for anyone under quarantine [8]. And on March
20, 2020, Singapore released an app that tracks
via Bluetooth when two app users have been in
close proximity: when a person reports they have
been diagnosed with COVID-19, the app allows the
Ministry of Health to determine anyone logged to
be near them; a human contact tracer can then call
those contacts and determine appropriate follow-up
actions.
Solution
s that have worked for some countries
may not work well in other countries with differ-
ent societal norms. We believe that in the United
States, in particular, the aforementioned measures
are unlikely to be widely adopted. On the legal side,
publicly revealing patients’ protected health infor-
mation (PHI) is a violation of the federal HIPAA
Privacy Rule [9], and the Fourth Amendment bars
the government from requesting phone data with-
out cause [10]. Some of these norms may be sus-
pended during times of crisis—HIPAA has recently
been relaxed via enforcement discretion during the
crisis to allow for telemedicine [11], and a pub-
11. lic health emergency could well be argued to be a
valid cause [12]. However, many Americans are
wary of sharing location and/or contact data with
tech companies or the government, and any privacy
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concerns could slow adoption of the system [13].
Singapore’s approach of an app, which gives in-
dividuals more control over the process, is perhaps
the most promising solution for the United States.
However, while Singapore’s TraceTogether app
protects the privacy of users from each other, it has
serious privacy concerns with respect to the gov-
ernment’s access to the data. In this document, we
discuss these privacy issues in more detail and intro-
13. duce approaches for building a contact tracing ap-
plication with enhanced privacy guarantees, as well
as strategies for encouraging rapid and widespread
adoption of this system. We do not make explicit
recommendations about how one should build a
privacy-preserving contact tracing app, as any de-
sign implementation should first be carefully vetted
by security, privacy, legal, ethics, and public health
experts. However, we hope to show that there exist
options for preserving several different notions of
user privacy while still fully serving public health
aims through contact tracing apps.
2 Singapore’s TraceTogether App
On March 20, 2020, the Singaporean Ministry of
Health released the TraceTogether app for Android
and iOS [14]. It operates by exchanging tokens
between nearby phones via a Bluetooth connec-
tion. The tokens are also sent to a central server.
These tokens are time-varying random strings, as-
sociated with an individual for some amount of
time before they are refreshed. Should an indi-
vidual be diagnosed with COVID-19, the health
officials will ask* them to release their data on the
14. app, which includes a list of all the tokens the app
has received from nearby phones. Because the gov-
ernment keeps a database linking tokens to phone
numbers and identities, it can resolve this list of
tokens to the users who may have been exposed.
By using time-varying tokens, the app does keep
the users private from each other. A user has no
way of knowing who the tokens stored in their app
belong to, except by linking them to the time the
token was received. However, the app provides
little to no privacy for infected individuals; after
an infected individual is compelled to release their
data, the Singaporean government can build a list
of all the other people they have been in contact
with. We will formalize these several notions of
privacy in Section 3.
*While the health officials ask, it is a crime in Singa-
pore not to assist the Ministry of Health in mapping one’s
movements, so ‘ask’ is a bit of a misnomer [15].
3 Desirable Notions of Privacy
Here, we discuss three notions of privacy that are
15. relevant to our analysis of contact-tracing systems:
(1) privacy from snoopers, (2) privacy from con-
tacts, and (3) privacy from the authorities. Note
that in this document, we do not rigorously define
what it means for information to be private, as this
is a topic better left for future works; some popular
definitions include information theoretic privacy
[16], k-anonymity [17], and differential privacy
[18]. Furthermore, we discuss only these three
notions of privacy to illustrate some of the short-
comings of direct contact-tracing systems. Other
recent work has presented a useful taxonomy of the
risks and challenges of contact tracing apps [19].
For any contact tracing app that achieves the aim
of telling individuals that they might have been
exposed to the virus, there is clearly some amount
of information that has to be revealed. Even if
the only information provided is a binary yes/no
to exposure, a simple linkage attack [20] can be
performed: if the individual was only near to one
person in the last two weeks, then there will be
an obvious inference about the infection status of
that person. The goal is of course to reduce the
amount of information that can be inferred by each
16. of the three parties (snoopers, contacts, and the
authorities) while still achieving the public health
goal of informing people of potential exposures to
help slow the spread of the disease.
Of note, here we use a semi-honest model for
privacy [21], where we do not consider the pos-
sibility of malicious actors polluting the database
or sending malformed queries, but rather instead
just analyze the privacy loss from the information
revealed to each party. A nefarious actor could,
for example, falsely claim to be infected to spread
panic; this is not a privacy violation, though we do
consider this further in the Discussion. Alternately,
when a server exposes a public API, queries can be
crafted to reveal more information than intended
by the system design, which is indeed a privacy
violation. We leave a more thorough analysis of
safeguards for the malicious model to future work.
3.1 Privacy from Snoopers
Consider the most naı̈ ve system for contact trac-
ing, which no reasonable privacy-conscious society
would ever use, where the app simply broadcasts
17. the name and phone number of the phone’s owner,
and nearby phones log this information. Then,
2
upon diagnosis of COVID-19, the government pub-
lishes a public list of those infected, which the app
then checks against its list of known recent contacts.
This is clearly problematic as a nefarious passive
actor (a ‘snooper’) could track the identities of peo-
ple walking past them on the street.
A slightly more reasonable system would as-
sign a unique user-ID to each individual, which
is instead broadcast out. This does not have quite
as many immediate security implications, though
all it would take is a nefarious actor linking each
ID to a user before one runs into the same prob-
lem, which is known as a ‘linkage attack.’ Given
how easy and common linkage attacks are, this ap-
proach also provides insufficient levels of privacy
for users [22; 23].
18. The Singaporean app TraceTogether does better,
in that it instead broadcasts random time-varying
tokens as temporary IDs. Because these tokens
are random and change over time, someone scan-
ning the tokens while walking down the street will
not be able to track specific users across different
time points, as their tokens are constantly refreshed.
Note that the length of time before refreshing a to-
ken is an important parameter of the system (too
infrequent and users can still be tracked, too fre-
quent and the amount of tokens that need to be
stored by the server could be huge), but with a rea-
sonable refresh rate, the users are largely protected
against attacks by snoopers in public spaces.
3.2 Privacy from Contacts
Here, the term contact is defined as any individ-
ual with whom a user has exchanged tokens in the
contact tracing app based on some notion of phys-
ical proximity. Privacy from contacts is harder to
achieve, because the information that needs to be
passed along is whether one of the individual’s con-
tacts has been diagnosed with COVID-19, so some
information has to be revealed.
19. The TraceTogether app gives privacy from con-
tacts by instead putting trust in government authori-
ties. When TraceTogether alerts a contact that they
have been exposed to COVID-19, the information
comes directly from the Singaporean Ministry of
Health, and no additional information is shared (to
our knowledge) that could identify the individual
that was diagnosed. Thus, TraceTogether does pro-
tect users’ privacy from each other, except for what
can be inferred based on the user’s full list of con-
tacts, as the only information that is revealed to
the user is a binary exposure indicator, which is ar-
guably the minimum possible information release
for the system to be useful.
3.3 Privacy from the Authorities
Protecting the privacy of the users from the au-
thorities, i.e. whoever is administering the app,
whether that is a government agency or a large
tech company, is also a challenging task. Clearly,
in the absence of a fully decentralized peer-to-peer
system, any information sharing among phones
20. with the app installed will have to be mediated by
some coordinating servers. Without any protective
measures (e.g. based on cryptography), the coordi-
nating servers are given an inordinate amount of
knowledge.
TraceTogether does not privilege this type of pri-
vacy, instead making use of relatively high trust
in the government in its design. While it does not
deliberately gather more information than neces-
sary to build a contact map—for example, it does
not use GPS location information, as Bluetooth
is sufficient for finding contacts—it also does not
try to hide anything from the Singaporean govern-
ment. When a user is diagnosed with COVID-19
and gives their list of tokens to the Ministry of
Health, the government can retrieve the mobile
numbers of all individuals that user has been in
contact with. Thus, neither the diagnosed user, nor
the exposed contacts, have any privacy from the
government.
Furthermore, because the government maintains
a database linking together time-varying tokens
with mobile numbers, they can also, in theory, track
21. people’s activities without GPS simply by placing
Bluetooth receivers in public places. There is no
reason to disbelieve the TraceTogether team when
they state that they do not attempt to track people’s
movements directly; however, the data they have
could be employed to do so. Citizens of countries
such as the U.S. trust authorities much less than
Singaporeans [24], so the privacy trade-offs that
Singaporeans are willing to make may not be the
same ones that Americans will accept.
4 Privacy-Enhancing Augmentations to
the TraceTogether System
Here, we discuss potential approaches to build
upon the TraceTogether model to obtain a con-
tact tracing system with differing privacy char-
acteristics for the users. Though important and
3
Table 1: Comparison of contact tracing systems discussed in
this document with respect to privacy of
22. the users in the semi-honest model and required computational
infrastructure.
Privacy
from
snoopers
Privacy from contacts Privacy from authorities Infrastructure
requirementsExposed
user
Diagnosed user Exposed user Diagnosed user
Trace To-
gether [14]
Yes Yes Yes
No. Exposure
status and all tokens
revealed.
No. Infection status,
all tokens, and all
contact tokens
revealed.
23. Minimal
Polling-
based*
(§4.1)
Yes Yes Yes†
Partial. Susceptible
to linkage attacks.
Partial. Susceptible
to linkage attacks.
Low. Single
server.
Polling-
based with
mixing
(§4.3)
Yes Yes Yes†
Almost private.
24. Protects against
linkage attacks by
mixing tokens from
different users.
Almost private.
Protects against
linkage attacks by
mixing tokens from
different users.
Medium.
Multiple
servers for
mixing.
Public
database
(§4.4)
Yes Yes
Partial. Info
leaked at time
of token
25. exchange.
Yes
Partial. Susceptible
to linkage attacks.
Communica-
tion cost to
phones is
high.
Private
messaging
system
(§5)
Yes Yes
Partial. Info
leaked at time
of token
exchange. ‡
Yes Yes
26. High.
Multiple
servers
performing
crypto.
* Augmenting with random tokens does not improve privacy.
† However, if contacts are malicious, and they send malformed
queries (e.g. a query that includes only a single token),
the diagnosed individual only has the same privacy level as in
the public database solution. Namely, there’s only partial
privacy because information is leaked through knowing the time
of token exchange.
‡ This information leakage might be fixable using data
aggregation based on multi-key homomorphic encryption, but
we
do not do so here.
highly nontrivial, various technical and engineer-
ing challenges behind the exchange of Bluetooth
tokens [25] are outside the scope of this document.
Our abstraction is that there exists some mecha-
nism for nearby phones to exchange short tokens if
27. the devices come within 6 feet of each other—the
estimated radius within which viral transmission
is a considerable risk [26]. We are primarily con-
cerned with the construction of those tokens, and
how those tokens can be used to perform contact
tracing in a privacy-preserving manner.
First, we formally describe the TraceTogether
system. Let Alice and Bob be users of the app, and
let Grace be the government server (or other cen-
tral authority). Alice generates a series of random
tokens A = {a0, a1, . . .}, one for each time inter-
val, and Bob generates a similar series of tokens
B = {b0, b1, . . .}, all drawn randomly from some
space {0, 1}N . They also both report their list of
tokens A and B, as well as their phone numbers
to Grace. At a time t, Alice and Bob encounter
each other, exchanging at and bt. Alice and Bob
keep lists of contact tokens  = {â0, â1, . . .} and
B
̂ = {b̂ 0, b̂ 1, . . .} respectively. These consist of
tokens from every person they were exposed to;
i.e. bt ∈ Â and at ∈ B
̂ because Alice and Bob
exchanged tokens at time t. Five days later, Bob
is diagnosed with COVID-19, and sends his list
28. of contact tokens B
̂ , which includes at, to Grace.
Grace then matches each b̂ i to a phone number,
reaches out to those individuals, including Alice,
and advises them to quarantine themselves because
they may have been exposed to the virus.
4.1 Partially Anonymizing via Polling
Instead of having Grace reach out to Alice when
Bob reports that he has been diagnosed, a more
privacy-conscious alternative is for Alice to “poll”
Grace on a regular basis. In this setting, Grace
maintains the full database, and Alice asks Grace
if she has been exposed. This alternative does not
require Alice and Bob to send their phone numbers
to Grace. In this setting, there are two reporting
choices for when Bob wishes to declare his diag-
nosis of COVID-19. Bob can send his own tokens
B to Grace, or he can send the contact tokens B
̂
to Grace. In the former case, Alice needs to send
Grace her contact tokens  to see if any have been
diagnosed with COVID-19. In the latter case, Alice
needs to send Grace her own tokens A to ask if any
4
29. of them have been published. Either way, Grace
is able to inform Alice that she has been exposed,
without revealing Bob’s identity. This presupposes
that Alice is Honest but Curious (semi-honest); if
Alice is malicious and crafts a malformed query
containing only the token she exchanged with Bob,
she may be able to reveal Bob’s identity.
Note that in either version of this system, indi-
viduals still have privacy from snoopers and from
contacts. However, they additionally gain some
amount of privacy from authority, as Grace does
not have their mobile numbers. Of course, Grace
does have some ability to perform linkage attacks.
If Bob publishes to Grace his own tokens B upon
being diagnosed, and Alice queries Grace with all
her contact tokens Â, then Grace can attempt to link
those sets of tokens to individuals or geographic
areas; further, Grace can also monitor the source
of Alice and Bob’s queries (i.e. IP addresses of
phones). For example, if Grace has Bluetooth sen-
sors set up in public places, she can then trace
30. Alice and Bob’s geographic movements. That kind
of location trace is often sufficient to deanonymize
personal identities [23]. Alternatively, the same is
true if Bob publishes his contact tokens to Grace
and Alice queries Grace with her own tokens. Thus,
there is not perfect privacy from the authorities, but
still better than in the original TraceTogether sys-
tem, at the cost of potentially lower privacy for Bob
in the malicious model.
4.2 Ineffectiveness of Adding Spurious
Tokens for Further Anonymization
To further anonymize the polling-based system
to increase privacy from authorities, there are a
number of techniques that can be used to hide Al-
ice and Bob’s identities. Let’s begin with a sim-
ple approach—that doesn’t actually work—to give
some intuition before moving on to more effective
approaches. Consider injecting random noise by
augmenting the data with artificial tokens. When-
ever Alice and Bob send information to Grace (ei-
ther in the form of a diagnosis report or a query),
they can augment their tokens with random ones.
Note that some care has to be taken in deciding
31. which distribution to draw the random tokens from.
Not only should the system keep the probability of
spurious matches low, but the distributions should
also be designed to make inferences by Grace diffi-
cult.
For example, assume that Alice and Bob sam-
ple their tokens uniformly at random from {0, 1}N ,
where N is chosen to be sufficiently large that ac-
cidental collisions between individuals’ tokens are
unlikely. Suppose Bob sends to Grace his own to-
kens B upon being diagnosed, and Alice queries
Grace with all her contact tokens Â. In theory,
Bob could augment his own tokens with a set of
n random tokens {ri}ni=1 drawn uniformly from
{0, 1}N , and send those to Grace as well. Un-
fortunately, N was chosen to prevent accidental
collisions; this means that the probability that the
additional random tokens correspond to the tokens
broadcast by any individual is vanishing small. But
then, there is actually little to no privacy gained.
Grace can just assume that the augmented set of
tokens correspond to Bob, and perform the same
linkage analysis that she would with only the cor-
32. rect set of tokens. This does nothing but pollute
Grace’s database with extra data, without affording
any real privacy gains for Bob. Similarly, Alice
also cannot obfuscate her exposure through Bob
from Grace, because any extra tokens she sends to
Grace will not change the fact that she has Bob’s
token as one of her contacts.
The root of the problem is that Grace has access
to the universe of all tokens through user queries,
and so can simply filter out all of the random tokens
generated. Thus, random noise is ineffective for
hiding information from Grace.
4.3 Enhancing Anonymity by Mixing
Different Users’ Tokens
Although introducing spurious random tokens into
the system achieves little in terms of privacy, as
discussed in the previous subsection, a slight mod-
ification of this idea leads to meaningful privacy
guarantees. The issue is that Grace has access to
the entire universe of tokens, as well as both of
the sets of tokens corresponding to Alice and Bob,
possibly augmented with random noise. Instead
33. of hiding true tokens with random noise, suppose
the system includes a set of M honest-but-curious
non-colluding “mixing” servers not controlled by
Grace that aggregate data before forwarding it on
to Grace.
When Bob is diagnosed with COVID-19, he par-
titions the tokens he wishes to send (depending on
the setup of the system, either his own tokens, or
those of his contacts) into M groups, and sends
each group to one of the mixing servers. The mix-
ing servers then combine Bob’s data with that of
5
other users diagnosed with COVID-19 before for-
warding it onto Grace. Similarly, Alice does the
same thing for querying, except she also needs to
wait on a response from the mixing server for each
of the tokens she sends. The linkage problem then
becomes much more difficult for Grace, because
the valid tokens for individuals have been split up.
Similarly, each mixing server only has access to
34. a subset of the tokens corresponding to each indi-
vidual, making the linkage analysis more difficult
for them. Of course, if the mixing servers collude,
then the privacy reduces to that of the standard
polling-based approach.
Note that this approach can also be simulated
without the mixing servers by either Alice or Bob
if they have access to a large number of distinct
IP addresses. They can simply send their queries
and tokens with some time delay from the different
IP addresses, preventing Grace from linking all of
them together. However, this approach may not be
feasible for most users.
4.4 Public Database of Infected Users’
Tokens is Efficient but Less Private
Alternatively, Grace can simply publish the entire
database of tokens she receives from infected in-
dividuals, including the ones from Bob. If Alice
simply downloads the entire database, and locally
queries against it, then no information about Al-
ice’s identity is leaked to Grace.
35. This approach may seem less computationally
feasible, especially on mobile devices. In circum-
stances where the total number of people infected is
not very high, this approach works, as evidenced by
the South Korean model [6], though the approach
may fail as the epidemic reaches a peak. However,
the computational and transmission cost can be
partially ameliorated by batching together Grace’s
database, so that Alice is not downloading the en-
tire thing. For example, in the version where Bob
sends his own tokens B to Grace, Alice can down-
load batches corresponding to her contact tokens Â.
If each batch has e.g. 50 tokens, then Grace does
not know which of those 50 tokens Alice came into
contact with.
Unfortunately, it is worth noting that this ap-
proach decreases Bob’s privacy from Alice, be-
cause Alice knows when she encountered the token
Bob sent; she can then limit the number of possible
individuals who could have sent the token based on
who she was in contact with during the time she en-
countered Bob’s token. If the token she exchanged
with Bob is present in the database, she gets a hint
36. as to the disease status of one of the individuals she
was in contact with during the token exchange.
5 Privacy from Authorities based on
Private Messaging Systems
None of the easy-to-implement augmentation ideas
given in Section 4 guarantee full privacy from the
authorities. At a cost of more computation, how-
ever, we believe that a solution for secure contact
tracing can be built using modern cryptographic
protocols. In particular, private messaging systems
[27; 28; 29] and private set intersection (cardinal-
ity) [30; 31; 32; 33] protocols seem especially rel-
evant. The sketch we provide below is based on
private messaging systems, though we do not claim
this to be an optimal implementation.
We will give the intuition here before going into
technical details necessary for an effective imple-
mentation. First, we replace the random tokens
(at, bt) exchanged by Alice and Bob with random
public keys (pkAt , pk
B
37. t ) from asymmetric encryp-
tion schemes [34]. The matching secret keys are
stored locally on each of Alice’s and Bob’s phones.
Then, imagine that Grace has established a collec-
tion of mailboxes, one for each public key that Al-
ice and Bob exchange. Additionally, we introduce
Frank and Fred. Frank forwards messages to/from
Fred. Fred forwards messages to/from Grace. They
do not tell each other the source of the messages.
At fixed time points after Bob’s contact with Al-
ice (up to some number of days), Bob addresses a
message to Alice encrypted using the public key
Alice gave Bob. Bob gives the message to Frank,
who then forwards it on to Grace (through Fred),
who puts it in Alice’s mailbox. The content of the
message is Bob’s current infection status, and the
reason he sends messages at fixed time points is
to prevent Frank from figuring out Bob’s infection
status from the fact that he is sending messages.
Alice checks all of the mailboxes corresponding to
her last several days worth of broadcasted public
keys. In one of the mailboxes, she then receives
and decrypts Bob’s message, and learns whether
she has been exposed to the virus. Grace cannot de-
38. crypt the message Bob sends to Alice because it is
protected by asymmetric encryption. Furthermore,
to protect Alice’s privacy, she can also access her
mailboxes through Frank and Fred, who deliver
the messages in Alice’s mailboxes to her without
6
Alice
Bob
At Contact
Alice and Bob
exchange public keys
Periodically After Contact
Bluetooth
Alice
39. Bob
Bob sends encrypted infection
status to Alice’s mailbox
Proxy servers obfuscate
mailbox access patterns
Grace maintains mailboxes, but
cannot tell Bob sent a message to Alice
GraceProxy Servers
(Frank and Fred)
“I am (not) infected.”
Alice retrieves and decrypts
messages in mailbox
Server 1
Server 2
Server
40. Figure 1: Overview of contact tracing based on private
messaging systems. When Alice and Bob are near each
other they exchange public keys as tokens. They then
periodically encrypt (using each other’s public key, followed
by the public keys of the proxy servers) a message indicating
their infection status, and send it to the proxy server.
They also periodically query the proxy server for messages
posted to the mailboxes corresponding to their public
keys to find out whether they have been exposed to the virus.
revealing which mailboxes she owns.
Contact tracing can be viewed as a problem of
secure communication between pairs of users who
came into contact in the physical world. The com-
munication patterns of who is sending messages
to whom can reveal each individuals contact his-
tory to the service provider (Grace). This notion
is known as metadata privacy leakage in computer
security [35], where the metadata associated with a
message (e.g. sender/recipient and time) is con-
sidered sensitive, in addition to the actual mes-
sage contents. In the contact tracing case, such
metadata could reveal who has been in contact
with whom, potentially revealing the users’ sen-
41. sitive activities. We believe that recent technical
advances [36; 27; 29] for designing scalable private
messaging systems with metadata privacy present
a promising path for developing a similar platform
for secure contact tracing.
Following recent works, our idea is to leverage
a ‘mix network [37], which is a routing protocol
that uses a chain of proxy servers (Frank/Fred)
that individually shuffle the incoming messages
before passing them onto the next server, thereby
decoupling the sender of each message from its
destination—these types of mix networks are per-
haps most well-known for being the basis of the
Onion Router/Tor anonymity network [38]. This is
a more sophisticated use of mixing servers than de-
scribed in Section 4.3 for the polling based solution.
When Bob wishes to send his encrypted message
to Alice, he first encrypts it multiple times with
public keys corresponding to each of the servers
in the mix network. Because the messages are en-
crypted in multiple layers, and each server peels
only the outermost layer, the final destination (Al-
ice’s mailbox) is revealed only to the last server,
42. and only Alice can read the content of the mes-
sage (i.e. infection status). To prevent Grace from
learning the identity associated with each mailbox,
Alice can also access her mailboxes through the
mix network, which shuffles the traffic to decouple
the mailboxes from their owners. As long as one
of the servers is neither breached nor controlled by
the adversary, the final message cannot be linked
to a specific sender even if the adversary has full
control of the rest of the network. Such a system
for private communication could allow the users
(Bob) to share their infection status with their re-
cent contacts (Alice) while hiding the metadata of
their contact patterns from the service providers.
The involvement of non-government entities, such
as an academic institution or a hospital, in the mix
network may help increase users trust in the system
and lower the bar for adoption.
There are several remaining issues that will
7
Weiwei Weng
43. Weiwei Weng
need to be addressed for this system to be widely
adopted. First, if time-varying IDs are used, then
the user receiving a token from a nearby person
could infer the identity of the sender based on their
travel history; i.e. Alice might be able to infer who
Bob is based on the time they exchanged the tokens,
as described in Section 4.4 in the case where the
database is made public. This loss of privacy from
contacts can be partially alleviated by choosing a
less frequent token refresh, so that with high like-
lihood, Alice cannot completely identify Bob by
the time interval. Actual implementations much de-
cide on the right tradeoffs between Alice and Bob’s
privacy from eachother and authorities, as well as
contact tracing effectiveness. Another possible way
to mitigate this problem would be to aggregate the
messages for Alice on the server before making
the results available to her. The messages are en-
crypted under different public keys, but it may be
44. possible to use multi-key homomorphic encryption
schemes [39; 40] which allow computation over
ciphertexts encrypted with different public keys to
sum up the count of ‘infected’ messages. We defer
the details of approach to future work.
One other issue is that the volume of messages
delivered to each user may reveal how socially ac-
tive each user has been, which could be considered
sensitive by some users. Approaches to flatten the
distribution with dummy messages could allevi-
ate this concern. Flattening the distribution with
dummy messages may however lead to scalability
challenges for existing private messaging systems.
Though many techniques [36; 27; 29] have been
proposed to address this challenge, further discus-
sion among the stakeholders is needed to determine
the suitable trade-off between the level of latency
that can be tolerated and the level of privacy guar-
antees desired by the users. Ultimately, though,
private messaging systems enable provable privacy
from the authorities while still maintaining the use-
fulness of contact tracing.
6 Strategies for Encouraging
45. Widespread Adoption
Contact tracing apps depend on the network effect
and critical mass to work. Having the app go ‘vi-
ral’ requires that people trust the app enough to
install it and are enthusiastic enough to convince
their friends to do the same. After all, app adop-
tion must have a higher ‘transmission rate’ than the
virus itself in order for it to be effective. Providing
strong privacy guarantees would likely encourage
voluntary adoption. Any app needs to clearly ex-
plain privacy guarantees in ways understandable
by the average user, which was our motivation in
describing here the different types of privacy (from
snoopers, contacts, and the authorities) that the app
should be able to provide to users in order to earn
their trust.
On that note, we believe it is imperative for any
app to be open source and audited by both secu-
rity professionals and privacy advocates. This is
not yet true for TraceTogether, but the app’s cre-
ators do claim that they will release the source code
soon [41]. Furthermore, open sourcing allows dif-
46. ferent countries to customize such apps for their
particular use cases and cultural preferences.
Also, while in some countries it may be difficult
to enforce a government mandate that all residents
install an app, it is possible to have this as a require-
ment for entering certain public places. Such a prac-
tice has precedence in so-called implied consent
laws, such as agreeing to field sobriety tests when
getting a driver’s license [42]. One could imagine
grocery stores, schools, and universities requiring
installing a contact tracing app as a precondition
for entrance. This does not stop users from unin-
stalling or turning off the app off-premises, but it
would at least be useful in getting people over the
initial activation barrier of installation.
Finally, some amount of social pressure may also
assist in reaching widespread adoption. Contact
tracing apps, by design, know how many other
people close by have the app installed. An app
could display that number. Given this knowledge,
a user may be incentivized to attempt to persuade
others nearby to install the app, in the interest of
public health.
47. 7 Discussion
In this document, we discuss ways to build an app
for contact tracing, based upon the premise that
phones can broadcast tokens to all nearby phones.
Notably, we do not address the engineering behind
applying Bluetooth to enable such a feature. Nor
do we address the possibility of location data col-
lection for assisting epidemiologists in forecasting
disease spread [43]. We also do not discuss ap-
propriate selection of token refresh interval and
frequency at which phones should poll for nearby
ones, which are important factors for balancing
privacy and efficiency—stale IDs have been seen
8
Weiwei Weng
Weiwei Weng
48. Weiwei Weng
Weiwei Weng
Weiwei Weng
Weiwei Weng
Weiwei Weng
to permit linkage attacks in other similar contexts
[44]. Lastly, we also do not build a full model for
privacy of contact tracing, which is a delicate and
easy-to-get-wrong task that requires much more
careful research. Instead, we focus only on the
privacy implications of a dedicated contact tracing
app, in the hopes that providing sufficiently strong
privacy guarantees would assist an app in gaining
the critical mass needed to be effective.
49. Note that here we only discuss direct contact trac-
ing using Bluetooth proximity networks, without
using any location data. Some indirect proposals
for contact tracing instead simply securely log the
user’s location history, which is then given to the au-
thorities if a user is diagnosed with COVID-19 [45].
This approach has the benefit of not requiring net-
work effects, because single individuals can track
their locations without needing their contacts to
have the app. The approach of logging location
history is inherently less private than direct con-
tact tracing, but that may possibly be resolved with
appropriate safeguards and redactions [45]. Fur-
thermore, hybrid approaches involving both GPS
data and Bluetooth proximity networks may prove
to be useful to public health officials in modelling
disease spread beyond just contact tracing [46].
We first discussed how, with just minor mod-
ifications, a polling-based direct contact tracing
solution allows for some anonymity from authori-
ties, which is lacking in the Singaporean Ministry
of Health app TraceTogether. We believe that this
may help an app succeed in countries such as the
50. U.S., where many citizens are loath to give too
much data to the government.
Even the polling-based solution still reveals quite
a bit of information to the authorities, who could
make use of linkage analysis to track individual
users. However, utilizing additional mixing servers
is relatively practical and does provide additional
protection. Alternately, a system can follow the
South Korean model of openly publishing data
about patients diagnosed with COVID-19, trading
off some of their privacy to enhance the privacy
of individuals who are trying to determine if they
have been exposed.
However, if we are willing to invest in additional
computational resources, it is possible to achieve
increased privacy from snoopers, contacts, and the
authorities, and we propose the beginnings of one
approach using private messaging systems, which
we hope will be further expanded upon in future
works. This is more computationally expensive,
but would assure users that they do not have to give
up their privacy in order to take part in public con-
51. tact tracing efforts. Indeed, the chief selling point
would be that they would get additional informa-
tion on their exposure without needing to trust any
individual third party with their private location or
medical information. We believe that such a guar-
antee would go a long way towards mass adoption
of a contact tracing app in the United States.
Future work remains to actually build such an
app, of course, and additional engineering, security,
and policy considerations are sure to arise. For ex-
ample, scalability of the data structures used in the
servers may become a major issue when the num-
ber of infected individuals rises. One additional
concern which we have not addressed is that of
nefarious actors seeking to spread panic by falsely
claiming to be infected. This could be prevented by
allowing only hospital workers to trigger the broad-
cast of infection status, as in Singapore’s system,
where the Ministry of Health directly contacts those
exposed, though that of course trades away some
of the privacy of diagnosed patients. Alternately,
others have proposed cryptographic verification of
contact events, which could perhaps be extended
to infection event broadcast without giving direct
52. access of tokens to the authorities [47]. However,
given that some cities are already rationing testing
kits and doctors’ visits to only the most serious
cases [48; 49], restricting self-reporting might re-
sult in many instances of virus spread to be missed.
Alternately, the system can also be designed to sep-
arate self-reports from confirmed reports by simply
keeping two databases.
Our goal in writing this document is to start a
conversation on (1) what kinds of privacy trade-offs
people are willing to endure for the sake of public
health, and (2) the fact that with sufficient computa-
tional resources and use of cryptographic protocols,
app-based contact tracing can be accomplished
without completely sacrificing privacy. Because
bad early design choices can persist long after roll-
out, we hope that developers and policy-makers
will give privacy considerations careful thought
when designing new contact tracing apps.
Acknowledgment
We would like to thank David Rolnick, Adam Seal-
fon, Noah Daniels, and Michael Wirth for helpful
53. comments.
9
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https://www.inquirer.com/health/coronavirus/coronavirus-
testing-20200321.html
https://www.inquirer.com/health/coronavirus/coronavirus-
testing-20200321.html