Dilemmas related to sharing research data were presented. We talked about fraud and misuse and examples of retracted journal articles because of proven fraud. Licences for research data were introduced and requests from journals about open access policies. Researchers need to check and verify journal in which they will published. They should use DOAJ for that. Unfortunately there are more and more hijacked journals. When making data available for secondary use researchers should confirm that distribution is in compliance with ethical norms and legal system. Event was one of Foster Cessda training events for doctoral students. Related link: https://www.fosteropenscience.eu/project/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=23&Itemid=104

1. Workshop for Doctoral Students
RESEARCH DATA MANAGEMENT AND OPEN DATA
6th October 2015
University of Manchester

2. ACCESS AND LICENCING
OF DATA
Irena Vipavc Brvar, Social Science Data Archives

3. Content
Why share:
• Fraud and Misuse
• Making it visible – Founders / Publishers requirements
Licensing:
• Intellectual Property Rights
• Conditions / Requests
• Different Regulations
Accessing

4. Frauds and Misuse
• „Considerable hard data have emerged on the scale of
misconduct. A metastudy (D. Fanelli PLoS ONE 4, e5738;
2009) and a detailed screening of all images in papers
accepted by The Journal of Cell Biology (M. Rossner The
Scientist 20 (3), 24; 2006) each suggest that roughly 1%
of published papers are fraudulent. That would be about
20,000 papers worldwide each year.“
• The U.S. National Science Foundation defines three
types of research misconduct: fabrication, falsification,
and plagiarism.

5. National Science Foundation: RESEARCH
MISCONDUCT
(1) Fabrication means making up data or results and
recording or reporting them.
(2) Falsification means manipulating research materials,
equipment, or processes, or changing or omitting data
or results such that the research is not accurately
represented in the research record.
(3) Plagiarism means the appropriation of another
person’s ideas, processes, results or words without
giving appropriate credit.
(http://www.nsf.gov/oig/regulations/)

6. Slovenian Case
• Renown professor / a lot of publications and projects
• In one of the latest analysis: „Slovenian journalists and
audiences about the use of Twitter: between political
propaganda and trustworthy reporting“ she claimed to
conduct interviews with 50 journalists
• Delo (the biggest Slovenian daily newspaper) noticed the
article and started to investigate: 2 journalists and 3
editors of Delo should be interviewed according to the
analysis – which was not the case

7. In 2013 Journal of Language, Identity &
Education retracted her article

8. Licensing data for re-use
Think about how you want
others to use it.
L. Horton, 2015

9. License: Clarify Intellectual Property
ownership
• You can only archive data you own
(or if you have permission)
• If you create it, check you own it
L. Horton, 2015

10. License: Clarify funder expectations
Funder expectations: data to be as open as possible
L. Horton, 2015

11. License: Clarify journal expectations
Funder expectations: data to be as open as possible
PLOS journals require authors to make all data
underlying the findings described in their manuscript
fully available without restriction, with rare exception.
When submitting a manuscript online, authors must provide
a Data Availability Statement describing compliance with
PLOS's policy. If the article is accepted for publication, the
data availability statement will be published as part of the
final article.
Refusal to share data and related metadata and methods in
accordance with this policy will be grounds for rejection.
Plos; / Recomended Repositories

13. Open Access
- Deposit your research data at the same time as
publication
- Repositories might be institutional or subject based
- They curate data and provide identifiers (DOI, URN) 
data can be cited

14. Where to publish
• Be aware of Hijacked journals
A case where researchers published at one of this
journals, not knowing the difference -> habilitation
issues.
Ask librarians!!!!

15. Original
Hijacked journal

16. License: Do you want to allow adaptation
and modification?
• Is format and design
intrinsic to the work?
• Does the work need to be
used in its entirety?
L. Horton, 2015

17. License: Do you want to allow commercial
re-use
• Is there a contractual
reason for preventing
commercial use?
• Will you or your work
benefit from or be
harmed by commercial
usage
L. Horton, 2015

18. Choosing a Creative Commons Licence
http://www.lse.ac.uk/library/usingTheLibrary/academicSupport/RDM/sharing/licen
singDataReuse.aspx

20. Licensing
• data available to the widest audience possible
• the widest range of uses possible
• reasons to limit both audience and usage

21. Ethical and Legal Compliance
Before collecting data:
• prepare informed consent: information about research, data sharing
and preservation
After collecting data:
• protect identities: anonymisation, avoid collecting personal data if not
needed
• regulate access where needed: by group, users, time period…
1) personal data – data that allows living individuals to be
identified legal aspect: data protection / privacy legislation
(data about living individuals)
2) confidential information - information given in confidence,
agreed to be kept confidential (secret) between two parties
legal: duty of confidentiality

22. Ethical and Legal Compliance: relevant
questions
• 3.1 How will you manage any ethical issues?
• Have you gained consent for data preservation and sharing?
• How will you protect the identity of participants if required?
e.g. via anonymisation
• How will sensitive data be handled to ensure it is stored and
transferred securely?
• 3.2 How will you manage copyright and Intellectual Property
Rights (IPR) issues?
• Who owns the data?
• How will the data be licensed for reuse?
• Are there any restrictions on the reuse of third-party data?
• Will data sharing be postponed / restricted e.g. to publish
or seek patents?

23. Where can you put data?
• UK Data Service ReShare
• GESIS – Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences datorium
• ADP – Slovene Social Science Data Archives
• Zenodo
• Figshare
• The Dataverse Project

24. Managing access to data
• available for download/online
access under open licence without
any registration
Open
• available for download/online
access to logged-in users who have
registered and agreed to an End
User Licence
Safeguarded
• available for remote or safe room
access to authorised and
authenticated users whose research
proposal has been and who have
received training
Controlled
Veerle Van den Eynden, 2015

25. Regulate access where needed (all or part of
data) by group, use, time period
Open access
- survey description –
metadata,
- related materials and
publications,
- questionnaire,
- frequency and descriptive
analysis - summary
statistics
Registration needed
- On-line analyzes (Nesstar)
- Download of data
- Special conditions apply
for access to more
restricted datasets (Safe-
room environment)