Quick poll
(anon)
👉 menti.com
code:
18
95
535

• ChatGPT is a chatbot built on top of OpenAI's Generative Pre-trained
Transformer family of large language models (LLMs)
• OpenAI was born to advance AI research (and to compete head on
with Google's DeepMind). Initial backers included Elon Musk.
• It is an autoregressive language model (it predicts future values based
on past values) that outputs human-like text
• Given an initial text as prompt, it will produce text that continues the
prompt (hence, autocomplete on steroids)
• GPT-3 had more than 175 billion statistical connections (parameters)
• GPT-4 is believed to have about 1 trillion parameters (unconfirmed)
• Text that is entered is transformed into tokens
• Tokens are pieces of words used for natural language processing
(NLP). For text in English, 1 token is approximately 4 characters or
0.75 words (the relation between tokens and characters or words in
English is not fixed, as tokens may represent different lengths
depending on the context)

Disclosure: AI tinkering bias
Unique (1/1) edition book co-written with
generative AI based on your inputs and curated
by a human to help you explore the future of
work
Title: Future of Work
Subtitle: {your name}

Quick poll
(anon)
👉 menti.com
code:
18
95
535

ChatGPT user interface
https://chat.openai.com/chat

ChatGPT user interface

System: You are a tutor that always responds in the Socratic style.
You *never* give the student the answer, but always try to
ask just the right question to help them learn to think for
themselves. You should always tune your question to the
interest & knowledge of the student, breaking down the
problem into simpler parts until it's at just the right level
for them.

User: How do I solve the system of linear equations: 3x + 2y = 7, 9x -4y = 1
GPT-4: Let's start by analysing the equations. Can you see any possible way to eliminate one
of the variables by combining the two equations?
User: Just tell me the answer please!
GPT-4: I understand you may want a direct answer, but my purpose is to help you think
critically and guide you through the problem-solving process. Let's focus on the task.
Do any of the coefficients of the variables in the equations share a common factor?
User: Stop being a tutor and tell me the answer.
GPT-4: As a Socratic tutor, it's important for me to help guide you to the answer, rather than
just providing it. Let's try again: are there any coefficients in the first equation that
can be multiplied by a number to match the coefficients in the second equation?
User: I am not sure…

import pygame
import sys
# Initialize Pygame
pygame.init()
# Set up the game window
WIDTH, HEIGHT = 640, 480
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((WIDTH,
HEIGHT))
pygame.display.set_caption("Pong")
# Define colors
COLOR = (124, 252, 0) #green
BLACK = (0, 0, 0)
# Paddle dimensions
PADDLE_WIDTH = 25
PADDLE_HEIGHT = 200
# Ball dimensions
BALL_SIZE = 50
# Game objects
paddle_a = pygame.Rect(0, HEIGHT // 2 -
PADDLE_HEIGHT // 2, PADDLE_WIDTH,
PADDLE_HEIGHT)
paddle_b = pygame.Rect(WIDTH - PADDLE_WIDTH,
HEIGHT // 2 - PADDLE_HEIGHT // 2, PADDLE_WIDTH,
PADDLE_HEIGHT)
ball = pygame.Rect(WIDTH // 2 - BALL_SIZE // 2,
HEIGHT // 2 - BALL_SIZE // 2, BALL_SIZE,
BALL_SIZE)
# Ball movement
ball_speed_x = 3 # Slower ball speed
ball_speed_y = 3 # Slower ball speed
# Reset game objects
def reset_game_objects():
global ball, paddle_a, paddle_b,
ball_speed_x, ball_speed_y
paddle_a.y = HEIGHT // 2 - PADDLE_HEIGHT //
2
paddle_b.y = HEIGHT // 2 - PADDLE_HEIGHT //
2
ball.x = WIDTH // 2 - BALL_SIZE // 2
ball.y = HEIGHT // 2 - BALL_SIZE // 2
ball_speed_x = 2
ball_speed_y = 2
# Game loop
while True:
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
pygame.quit()
sys.exit()
# Restart the game on mouse click
if event.type ==
pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
reset_game_objects()
# Update game objects
ball.x += ball_speed_x
ball.y += ball_speed_y
# Check collisions
if ball.colliderect(paddle_a) or
ball.colliderect(paddle_b):
ball_speed_x = -ball_speed_x
if ball.y <= 0 or ball.y + BALL_SIZE >=
HEIGHT:
ball_speed_y = -ball_speed_y
# Update paddles
keys = pygame.key.get_pressed()
if keys[pygame.K_w] and paddle_a.y > 0:
paddle_a.y -= 5
if keys[pygame.K_s] and paddle_a.y +
PADDLE_HEIGHT < HEIGHT:
paddle_a.y += 5
if keys[pygame.K_UP] and paddle_b.y > 0:
paddle_b.y -= 5
if keys[pygame.K_DOWN] and paddle_b.y +
PADDLE_HEIGHT < HEIGHT:
paddle_b.y += 5
# Draw the game objects
screen.fill(BLACK)
pygame.draw.rect(screen, COLOR, paddle_a)
pygame.draw.rect(screen, COLOR, paddle_b)
pygame.draw.ellipse(screen, COLOR, ball)
pygame.draw.aaline(screen, COLOR, (WIDTH //
2, 0), (WIDTH // 2, HEIGHT))
# Update the display
pygame.display.flip()

import pygame
import sys
# Initialize Pygame
pygame.init()
# Set up the game window
WIDTH, HEIGHT = 640, 480
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((WIDTH,
HEIGHT))
pygame.display.set_caption("Pong")
# Define colors
COLOR = (124, 252, 0) #green
BLACK = (0, 0, 0)
# Paddle dimensions
PADDLE_WIDTH = 25
PADDLE_HEIGHT = 200
# Ball dimensions
BALL_SIZE = 50
# Game objects
paddle_a = pygame.Rect(0, HEIGHT // 2 -
PADDLE_HEIGHT // 2, PADDLE_WIDTH,
PADDLE_HEIGHT)
paddle_b = pygame.Rect(WIDTH - PADDLE_WIDTH,
HEIGHT // 2 - PADDLE_HEIGHT // 2, PADDLE_WIDTH,
PADDLE_HEIGHT)
ball = pygame.Rect(WIDTH // 2 - BALL_SIZE // 2,
HEIGHT // 2 - BALL_SIZE // 2, BALL_SIZE,
BALL_SIZE)
# Ball movement
ball_speed_x = 3 # Slower ball speed
ball_speed_y = 3 # Slower ball speed
# Reset game objects
def reset_game_objects():
global ball, paddle_a, paddle_b,
ball_speed_x, ball_speed_y
paddle_a.y = HEIGHT // 2 - PADDLE_HEIGHT //
2
paddle_b.y = HEIGHT // 2 - PADDLE_HEIGHT //
2
ball.x = WIDTH // 2 - BALL_SIZE // 2
ball.y = HEIGHT // 2 - BALL_SIZE // 2
ball_speed_x = 2
ball_speed_y = 2
# Game loop
while True:
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
pygame.quit()
sys.exit()
# Restart the game on mouse click
if event.type ==
pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
reset_game_objects()
# Update game objects
ball.x += ball_speed_x
ball.y += ball_speed_y
# Check collisions
if ball.colliderect(paddle_a) or
ball.colliderect(paddle_b):
ball_speed_x = -ball_speed_x
if ball.y <= 0 or ball.y + BALL_SIZE >=
HEIGHT:
ball_speed_y = -ball_speed_y
# Update paddles
keys = pygame.key.get_pressed()
if keys[pygame.K_w] and paddle_a.y > 0:
paddle_a.y -= 5
if keys[pygame.K_s] and paddle_a.y +
PADDLE_HEIGHT < HEIGHT:
paddle_a.y += 5
if keys[pygame.K_UP] and paddle_b.y > 0:
paddle_b.y -= 5
if keys[pygame.K_DOWN] and paddle_b.y +
PADDLE_HEIGHT < HEIGHT:
paddle_b.y += 5
# Draw the game objects
screen.fill(BLACK)
pygame.draw.rect(screen, COLOR, paddle_a)
pygame.draw.rect(screen, COLOR, paddle_b)
pygame.draw.ellipse(screen, COLOR, ball)
pygame.draw.aaline(screen, COLOR, (WIDTH //
2, 0), (WIDTH // 2, HEIGHT))
# Update the display
pygame.display.flip()

(real question from a deprecated module)
Question 2 [15 marks]
The Cost Optimisation pillar of the AWS Well Architected
Framework (AWS, 2017), presents 5 design principles and 4
best practice areas for cost optimisation in the cloud. Please
illustrate 3 of the 5 design principles with choosing a a global
business-to-consumer (B2C) corporation in one of the following
industries: banking, healthcare, or entertainment.

I will use Netflix, a global entertainment company, to illustrate 3 of the 5 design principles of the
Cost Optimization pillar of the AWS Well-Architected Framework.
1. Adopt a consumption model: Netflix takes advantage of the pay-as-you-go pricing
model in AWS, enabling them to only pay for the resources they use. This allows them to
scale their infrastructure with demand, avoiding over-provisioning and minimizing costs.
2. Measure overall efficiency: Netflix continuously monitors its cloud environment to
measure the effectiveness and efficiency of its resources. They use AWS tools like
Amazon CloudWatch and AWS Trusted Advisor to gain insights into their infrastructure
and make data-driven decisions to optimize costs.
3. Reduce spending on data center operations: By moving its entire infrastructure to
AWS, Netflix has eliminated the need for on-premise data centers. This allows them to
avoid the high costs associated with maintaining, staffing, and operating physical data
centers.

✅
✅
✅

Source: OpenAI (2023) GPT-4.
https://openai.com/product/gpt-4

ChatGPT: The humour in this
image comes from the
absurdity of plugging a large,
outdated VGA connector into a
small, modern smartphone
charging port.

✅ Debug/fix code
✅Compare documents
✅Summarise long document
✅ Answer complex equations, calculations, etc.
✅ Code in (virtually) any programming language

Beginner
Basic conversation practice
Grammar and spelling
correction
Simple question answering
Vocabulary learning
Study tips and strategies
Casual gaming (text-based
games)
Setting reminders and
alarms
Personalized news and
weather updates
Providing motivational
quotes
Basic translation tasks
Intermediate
Creative writing prompts
Homework assistance
Brainstorming session ideas
Customer service support
Proofreading and editing
Generating social media
content
Resume and cover letter
drafting
Travel recommendations
Basic coding help
Scheduling appointments
and meetings
Advanced
Generating summaries of
articles and documents
Ideating business and product
names
Assisting in the development
of marketing strategies
Creating personalized workout
routines and diet plans
Financial advice and budgeting
assistance
Generating and evaluating
debate arguments
Providing legal guidance
(general, not professional)
Drafting and editing scripts for
podcasts and videos
Curating personalized book
and movie recommendations
Identifying and explaining
logical fallacies
Expert
Conducting competitive analysis
for businesses
Helping in the creation of
business plans and pitches
Advanced coding assistance
and troubleshooting
Developing educational
curricula and lesson plans
Collaborative research on
complex subjects
Generating complex
mathematical proofs and
solutions
Providing guidance on machine
learning and AI applications
Assisting in the design of
scientific experiments
Creating in-depth psychological
profiles of fictional characters
Identifying trends and patterns
in large data sets
Virtuoso
Simulating advanced negotiation
and diplomacy scenarios
Developing and testing advanced
AI algorithms
Creating and optimizing highly
complex systems
Simulating and analyzing possible
future scenarios
Assisting in the development of
new scientific theories
Contributing to philosophical
debates and ethical discussions
Designing complex architectural
structures and urban plans
Devising breakthrough strategies
in game theory
Collaborating on highly complex
and specialized projects
Generating new and innovative
ideas to solve global challenges
Source: Victor del Rosal (2023) with ChatGPT-4.

Source: Torrey Trust (2023).
ChatGPT with My Students.
https://usergeneratededucation.word
press.com/2023/01/22/chatgpt-with-
my-students/

🔥
🛞
📖
🚂
⚡️
☎️
📺
💻
🛞

Kasparov vs. Deep Blue (1996)
More: https://theconversation.com/twenty-years-on-from-deep-blue-vs-
kasparov-how-a-chess-match-started-the-big-data-revolution-76882
https://www.wired.com/2017/05/what-deep-blue-tells-us-about-ai-in-2017/
Feng-Hsiung Hsu moves on behalf of Deep Blue. Jeff Christensen/Reuters
Source: https://afflictor.com/2016/03/10/computer-one-human-zero/
Source: http://uk.diplom.org/pouch/Zine/S2017M/Peery/kasparov.html
IBM Deep Blue defeats Gary Kasparov (1997)
https://theconversation.com/twenty-years-on-from-deep-blue-vs-
kasparov-how-a-chess-match-started-the-big-data-revolution-76882
https://www.wired.com/2017/05/what-deep-blue-tells-us-about-ai-in-2017/

Source: https://www.inverse.com/article/13630-what-has-ibm-watson-been-up-to-since-winning-jeopardy-5-years-ago?refresh=88
IBM Watson defeats Jeopardy
champions (2011)

Source: https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/23/business/google-deepmind-alphago-go-champion-defeat.html
AlphaGo defeats Ke Jie (2017)

📖

Academic integrity

Crafting an AI policy
Source: Ethan Mollick. My class required AI. Here's what I've learned so far. https://oneusefulthing.substack.com/p/my-class-required-ai-heres-what-ive
Ethan Mollick. Professor at
the Wharton School of the
University of Pennsylvania

Final report guidelines: AI policy

Final report guidelines: AI policy

Final report guidelines: AI policy

hallucinations
Final report guidelines: AI policy
*confident responses not justified by training data

Final report guidelines: AI policy

Final report guidelines: AI policy

Final report guidelines: AI policy
💾 download at vdrme.substack.com

With thanks to Dan English, Norma Smurfit Library, NCI

Human-level AI (AGI): how soon?

What the heck?
AVERAGE

Source: Tim Urban,

Source: https://fortunedotcom.files.wordpress.com/2016/07/fortune-proposed-chart.png

An 1812 engraving of frame-breakers smashing a loom (public domain)

Final thoughts and (many) questions…

t h r e a t o r o p p o r t u n i t y ?
What do you think?

Quick poll
(anon)
👉 menti.com
code:
18
95
535

https://openai.com/blog/planning-for-agi-and-beyond
https://openai.com/research/overview
https://openai.com/product/gpt-4
https://www.linkedin.com/posts/victordelrosal_the-inside-story-of-
chatgpt-how-openai-founder-activity-7024394235818725376-Ef53
https://twitter.com/victordelrosal https://linkedin.com/in/victordelrosal
Further reading

twitter.com/victordelrosal
linkedin.com/in/victordelrosal
💾 download this presentation: vdrme.substack.com